Review
Dermatology
J. Karim Ead, David G. Armstrong
Summary: GM-CSF is a glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties derived from both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic sources. In patients with diabetic foot ulcers, GM-CSF activation is impaired, leading to impaired inflammatory response. Correcting macrophage immune dysfunction with exogenous GM-CSF may help restore immune balance and promote wound healing.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sarah Stonedahl, J. Smith Leser, Penny Clarke, Huntington Potter, Timothy D. D. Boyd, Kenneth L. L. Tyler
Summary: West Nile virus (WNV) is the main cause of epidemic arboviral encephalitis in the United States. Depleting microglia in WNV-infected mice enhances viral replication and tissue injury, while augmenting microglial activation through GM-CSF administration reduces viral titers and apoptotic activity and increases survival. Stimulation of microglial activation may be a viable therapeutic approach for WNV neuroinvasive disease.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
An-ran Xi, Yi-jun Luo, Jin-Tao Guan, Wei-Jie Wang, Zheng-Hao Xu
Summary: This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that GM-CSF antibody treatment can reduce the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation and have slight but not significant effects on mortality and ventilation improvement. Sensitivity analysis revealed statistically significant results for mortality and ventilation improvement rate when one study was excluded. Furthermore, GM-CSF antibodies did not increase the risks of secondary infection and adverse events.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Slawomir Lewicki, Monika Lesniak, Agnieszka Sobolewska-Ruta, Aneta Lewicka, Marta Grodzik, Eugeniusz K. Machaj, Marek Saracyn, Jacek Z. Kubiak, Zygmunt Pojda
Summary: Encapsulation of cytokines in liposomes is an efficient method to deliver cytokines to cells at working concentrations without affecting cell morphology or proliferation. This method has great potential and important applications in tissue regeneration and other fields.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jin-Tao Guan, Wei-Jie Wang, Du Jin, Xiao-Yue Mou, Shan-Shan Lei, Zheng-Hao Xu
Summary: This meta-analysis showed that GM-CSF antibody treatment in COVID-19 patients could reduce the risk of death and increase ventilation, without significantly increasing the risk of secondary infection or ICU admission. Older age and length of stay may have an impact on these outcomes.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Peilin Chen, Chunyu Huang, Qing Sun, Huixian Zhong, Feng Xiong, Su Liu, Zhihong Yao, Zhiqiang Liu, Caiyun Wan, Yong Zeng, Lianghui Diao
Summary: This study investigated the concentration of GM-CSF in human single-blastocyst conditioned medium (SBCM) and its association with embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. GM-CSF was found to be a potential biomarker for predicting pregnancy outcome and selecting embryos with high developmental potential for transfer in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gustavo de Souza Vieira, Talita de Carvalho Kimura, Joao Figueira Scarini, Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza, Luccas Lavareze, Carolina Emerick, Mayara Trevizol Goncalves, Ingrid Iara Damas, Tayna Figueiredo-Maciel, Raisa Sales de Sa, Iara Goncalves Aquino, Joao Paulo Goncalves de Paiva, Patricia Maria Fernandes, Moises Willian Aparecido Goncalves, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Albina Altemani, Gary Chris Fillmore, Fernanda Viviane Mariano, Erika Said Abu Egal
Summary: This article provides an in-depth review of the role of hematopoietic cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers, and summarizes the current clinical trials and findings on the therapeutic application of these cytokines.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rui Chen, Yujie Li, Yangyang Zhuang, Yiming Zhang, Hailong Wu, Tao Lin, Shixuan Chen
Summary: This study combines GM-CSF and 3D nanofiber scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration. Through subcutaneous implantation in humanized mice, it was found that GM-CSF could accelerate cell migration and cytokine release, and ultimately enhance tissue regeneration. Therefore, GM-CSF loaded 3D nanofiber scaffolds have potential applications in tissue regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oleksii Skorokhod, Valentina Barrera, Giorgia Mandili, Federica Costanza, Elena Valente, Daniela Ulliers, Evelin Schwarzer
Summary: The study demonstrates that malarial pigment hemozoin has a functional impact on the GM-CSF receptor in monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, leading to defective dendritic cell differentiation in malaria.
Article
Oncology
Lan Huang, Guisi Chen, Ying Chen, Wanwen Wu, Changli Tao, Hongwei Shao, Shulin Huang, Han Shen
Summary: Tumor immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigens and the impact of GM-CSF and CCL17 on tumor immunity have been widely studied. Combining survivin-specific CTL with CCL17 and GM-CSF genes can inhibit tumor growth more effectively through stable cell lines expressing these genes.
Article
Dermatology
K. Wolk, T. -C. Brembach, D. Simaite, E. Bartnik, S. Cucinotta, A. Pokrywka, M. L. Irmer, J. Triebus, E. Witte-Haendel, G. Salinas, T. Leeuw, H. -D. Volk, K. Ghoreschi, R. Sabat
Summary: The expression of G-CSF is high in HS skin, especially in inflamed nodules and abscesses. IL-1 and IL-17 induce G-CSF production, and G-CSF blood levels correlate with the severity of HS.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ying Jiang, Dan Feng, Chun Wang, Yanlei Zhang, Chuxian Zhao, Su Li, Youwen Qin, Alex H. Chang, Jun Zhu
Summary: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of GM-CSF intervention post-CAR T-cell therapy in patients with neutropenia and concomitant decline of circulating CAR T-cells. The results show that GM-CSF intervention leads to CAR T-cell expansion and increased levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and CD3-CD16 + CD56 + natural killer cells in peripheral blood.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tempe K. Chen, Jagmohan S. Batra, David E. Michalik, Jacqueline Casillas, Ramesh Patel, Maritza E. Ruiz, Harneet Hara, Bhavita Patel, Meena Kadapakkam, James Ch'Ng, Catherine B. Small, Panagiotis Zagaliotis, Carolyn E. Ragsdale, Luis O. Leal, Emmanuel Roilides, Thomas J. Walsh
Summary: Sargramostim may be a potential adjunctive immunomodulator for selected patients with hematological malignancies and refractory IFDs.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jingjing Wen, Qiaolin Zhou, Lin Shi, Fang Xu, Yiping Liu, Jing Su, Ya Zhang, Wen Qu, Jing Yue
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim as a mobilization agent for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies and investigate potential factors associated with mobilization failure. The results showed that mecapegfilgrastim had comparable mobilization efficacy to rhG-CSF in patients with hematologic malignancies, and the combination with plerixafor was feasible and effective. Furthermore, patients with more than 5 cycles of chemotherapy, a precollection white blood cell count lower than 32 x 10^9/L, and a precollection lymphocyte count less than 1.7 times the premobilization lymphocyte count had a higher risk of mobilization failure.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Miki Okabe-Kinoshita, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Masashi Shioya, Tomoharu Sugiura, Maki Fujita, Keiichi Takahashi
Summary: The use of a GM-CSF-containing medium in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer improved the outcomes, with higher rates of hCG positivity, biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, and live births compared to the control group.
JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Raminder Aul, Paul Beirne, Charlotte E. Bolton, Jeremy S. Brown, Gourab Choudhury, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Nicholas Easom, Carlos Echevarria, Jonathan Fuld, Nick Hart, John R. Hurst, Mark Jones, Dhruv Parekh, Paul Pfeffer, Najib M. Rahman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Ajay M. Shah, Dan G. Wootton, Trudie Chalder, Melanie J. Davies, Anthony De Soyza, William Greenhalf, Neil J. Greening, Liam G. Heaney, Simon Heller, Luke Howard, Joseph Jacob, R. Gisli Jenkins, Janet M. Lord, Will D-C Man, Gerry P. McCann, Stefan Neubauer, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Joanna Porter, Jennifer Quint, Matthew J. Rowland, Janet T. Scott, Malcolm G. Semple, Sally J. Singh, Mark Toshner, Keir Lewis, Andrew Briggs, Annemarie B. Docherty, Steven Kerr, Nazir Lone, Aziz Sheikh, Mathew Thorpe, Bang Zheng, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Ewen M. Harrison, Louise Wain, Christopher E. Brightling
Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Allergy
John Busby, Liam G. Heaney, Paul E. Pfeffer
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Anna De Simoni, Hajar Hajmohammadi, Paul Pfeffer, Jim Cole, Chris Griffiths, Sally A. Hull
Summary: This study found that over 25% of patients with asthma were prescribed more than 6 SABA inhalers in a year. Prescription modality, asthma severity, and comorbidities are independent predictors of SABA overprescribing.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Adel H. Mansur, Sherif Gonem, Thomas Brown, Hassan Burhan, Rekha Chaudhuri, James W. Dodd, Thomas Pantin, Robin Gore, David Jackson, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Mitesh Patel, Ian Pavord, Paul Pfeffer, Salman Siddiqui, John Busby, Liam G. Heaney
Summary: Significant variation and divergence in the prescribing practices of biologics in severe asthma were observed through analysis of the UK Severe Asthma Registry and survey of severe asthma specialists' opinion.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Felicity Liew, Shubha Talwar, Andy Cross, Brian J. Willett, Sam Scott, Nicola Logan, Matthew K. Siggins, Dawid Swieboda, Jasmin K. Sidhu, Claudia Efstathiou, Shona C. Moore, Chris Davis, Noura Mohamed, Jose Nunag, Clara King, A. A. Roger Thompson, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones, Annemarie B. Docherty, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alexander Horsley, Betty Raman, Krisnah Poinasamy, Michael Marks, Onn Min Kon, Luke Howard, Daniel G. Wootton, Susanna Dunachie, Jennifer K. Quint, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Sara Fontanella, Thushan I. de Silva, Antonia Ho, Ewen Harrison, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Christopher Brightling, Ryan S. Thwaites, Lance Turtle, Peter J. M. Openshaw
Summary: This study examined the nasal and plasma antibody responses in COVID-19 hospitalized patients one year after discharge and vaccination. The findings showed sustained elevated antibody responses in both nasal and plasma samples for at least 12 months, but the nasal antibody response was minimally influenced by vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of developing vaccines that enhance nasal immunity.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Amir Hakim, William Ricketts, Paul Pfeffer, Rachel Ashworth
Summary: Medical graduates need to understand the scientific principles behind diseases and apply them in practice. Integrated medical curricula that combine biomedical science with clinical cases can enhance student learning, but students may have lower confidence in their knowledge. This study used an audience response system to engage students in active learning, with a focus on respiratory medicine. The results showed high student engagement and improved confidence in clinical reasoning.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Paul E. Pfeffer, Nasloon Ali, Ruth Murray, Charlotte Ulrik., Trung N. Tran, Jorge Maspero, Matthew Peters, George C. Christoff, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Carlos A. Torres-Duque, Alan Altraja, Lauri Lehtimaki, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Sundeep Salvi, Richard W. Costello, Breda Cushen, Enrico Heffler, Takashi Iwanaga, Mona Al-Ahmad, Desiree Larenas-Linnemann, Piotr Kuna, Joao A. Fonseca, Riyad Al-Lehebi, Chin Kook Rhee, Luis Perez-de-Llano, Diahn-Warng Perng Steve, Bassam Mahboub, Eileen Wang, Celine Goh, Juntao Lyu, Anthony Newell, Marianna Alacqua, Andrey S. Belevskiy, Mohit Bhutani, Leif Bjermer, Unnur Bjornsdottir, Arnaud Bourdin, Anna von Boulow, John Busby, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Borja G. Cosio, Delbert R. Dorscheid, Mariana Munoz-Esquerre, J. Mark FitzGerald, Esther Garcia Gil, Peter G. Gibson, Liam G. Heaney, Mark Hew, Ole Hilberg, Flavia Hoyte, David J. Jackson, Mariko Siyue Koh, Hsin-Kuo Bruce Ko, Jae Ha Lee, Sverre Lehmann, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Dora Ludviksdottir, Andrew N. Menzies-Gow, Patrick Mitchell, Andriana I. Papaioannou, Todor A. Popov, Celeste M. Porsbjerg, Laila Salameh, Concetta Sirena, Camille Taille, Christian Taube, Yuji Tohda, Michael E. Wechsler, David B. Price
Summary: This study aimed to describe the profile of severe asthma patients eligible for both anti-IgE and anti-IL5/5R and compare the effectiveness of these two treatments in real-life settings. The results showed that anti-IL5/5R was superior to anti-IgE in reducing asthma exacerbations and long-term oral corticosteroid use, while there was some evidence suggesting a decrease in asthma-related hospitalizations with anti-IL5/5R treatment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Walker, Henry Goodfellow, Patra Pookarnjanamorakot, Elizabeth Murray, Julia Bindman, Ann Blandford, Katherine Bradbury, Belinda Cooper, Fiona L. Hamilton, John R. Hurst, Hannah Hylton, Stuart Linke, Paul Pfeffer, William Ricketts, Chris Robson, Fiona A. Stevenson, David Sunkersing, Jiunn Wang, Manuel Gomes, William Henley
Summary: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and symptoms of treatment-seeking patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and assess the impact of these symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ability to work. The results showed that a high proportion of patients had moderately severe functional limitations, with fatigue being the dominant symptom. This study suggests that clinical care and rehabilitation should focus on managing fatigue.
Article
Immunology
Ilaria Esposito, Ioanna Kontra, Chiara Giacomassi, Sotiria Manou-Stathopoulou, James Brown, Richard Stratton, Galateia Verykokou, Roberto Buccafusca, Michael Stevens, Ahuva Nissim, Myles J. Lewis, Paul E. Pfeffer
Summary: This study found that severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) patients have ANCA-positive IgG antibodies against neutrophils, suggesting a potential autoimmune etiology. ELISA results showed significantly higher concentrations of autoantibodies to Collagen-V, MPO, and TREM1 in SEA patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that autoantibody serology research may improve diagnostic testing for severe asthma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Renaud Louis, Tim W. Harrison, Pascal Chanez, Francesco Menzella, George Philteos, Borja G. Cosio, Njira L. Lugogo, Gustavo de Luiz, Annie Burden, Timothy Adlington, Nanna Keeling, Justin Kwiatek, Esther Garcia Gil
Summary: This study demonstrates the ability of benralizumab to improve asthma control and allow for a reduction in background medications.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Catrin Byrne, Paul E. Pfeffer, Anna De Simoni
Summary: The study explored the discussion of ILO and BPD symptoms in a UK asthma online health community and patient experiences of diagnosis and treatment. The results showed that many patients were frustrated with the one-size-fits-all approach to diagnosis, and some suspected or were formally diagnosed with BPD or ILO, reporting relief on receiving a diagnosis and appropriate management. The online community provided comfort and prompted action with some going back to their clinicians for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Imogen Skene, Emma Kinley, Katherine Pike, Chris Griffiths, Paul Pfeffer, Liz Steed
Summary: This study aimed to review existing literature on interventions delivered in the emergency department (ED) for adults and adolescents with asthma, beyond acute exacerbation management. The results suggest that ED-based asthma interventions may be effective in improving long-term outcomes. However, there is a need for standardized interventions, reported outcomes, and longer follow-up periods. Future interventions could benefit from utilizing behavior change theories, such as the Theoretical Domains Framework.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Betty Raman, Celeste McCracken, Mark P. Cassar, Alastair J. Moss, Lucy Finnigan, Azlan Helmy A. Samat, Godwin Ogbole, Elizabeth M. Tunnicliffe, Fidel Alfaro-Almagro, Ricarda Menke, Cheng Xie, Fergus Gleeson, Elena Lukaschuk, Hanan Lamlum, Kevin McGlynn, Iulia A. Popescu, Zeena-Britt Sanders, Laura Saunders, Stefan K. Piechnik, Vanessa M. Ferreira, Chrysovalantou Nikolaidou, Najib M. Rahman, Ling-Pei Ho, Victoria C. Harris, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Paul Pfeffer, Charlotte Manisty, Onn Min Kon, Mark Beggs, Declan P. O'Regan, Jonathan Fuld, Jonathan R. Weir-McCall, Dhruv Parekh, Rick Steeds, Krisnah Poinasamy, Dan J. Cuthbertson, Graham J. Kemp, Malcolm G. Semple, Alexander Horsley, Christopher A. Miller, Caitlin O'Brien, Ajay M. Shah, Amedeo Chiribiri, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Marco Sereno, Ruth M. Saunders, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Charlotte E. Bolton, Jeremy S. Brown, Gourab Choudhury, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Nicholas Easom, Carlos Echevarria, Michael Marks, John R. Hurst, Mark G. Jones, Daniel G. Wootton, Trudie Chalder, Melanie J. Davies, Anthony De Soyza, John R. Geddes, William Greenhalf, Luke S. Howard, Joseph Jacob, William D-C Man, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Joanna C. Porter, Matthew J. Rowland, Janet T. Scott, Sally J. Singh, David C. Thomas, Mark Toshner, Keir Lewis, Liam G. Heaney, Ewen M. Harrison, Steven Kerr, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, Jennifer K. Quint, Aziz Sheikh, Bang Zheng, Gisli Jenkins, Eleanor F. Cox, Susan Francis, Mark Halling-Brown, James D. Chalmers, John P. Greenwood, Sven Plein, Paul J. C. Hughes, A. A. Roger Thompson, Sarah Rowland-Jones, James M. Wild, Matthew Kelly, Thomas A. Treibel, Steven Bandula, Raminder Aul, Karla Miller, Peter Jezzard, Stephen Smith, Thomas E. Nichols, Gerry P. McCann, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Christopher E. Brightling, Stefan Neubauer
Summary: The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. The findings highlight the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways with imaging playing a potential role in guiding surveillance and treatment strategies.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Florence Tydeman, Paul E. Pfeffer, Giulia Vivaldi, Hayley Holt, Mohammad Talaei, David Jolliffe, Gwyneth Davies, Ronan A. Lyons, Christopher Griffiths, Frank Kee, Aziz Sheikh, Seif O. Shaheen, Adrian R. Martineau
Summary: The relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions led to a decrease in face covering use, an increase in social mixing, and a rebound in acute respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations.
Article
Allergy
Paul E. Pfeffer, Hitasha Rupani, Anna De Simoni
Summary: Asthma is a common disease that is often treated with a one-size-fits-all approach, but adopting a treatable traits approach could improve patient outcomes. While there are feasible implementation measures in primary care, further research is needed to guide the management of different treatable traits across care settings.
FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY
(2023)