Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
Volume 66, Issue 10, Pages 8710-8722Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2017.2702065
Keywords
Electric vehicles (EVs); forward conversion; flyback conversion; lithium-ion batteries; multi-winding transformers; modularized equalizers
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61527809, 61633015]
- Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province [2016ZDJS03A02]
- Nanjing Golden Dragon Bus Co., Ltd.
- US Department of Energy under the Graduate Automotive Technology Education Center program
- China Scholarship Council
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This paper proposes a modularized global architecture using multi-winding transformers for battery cell balancing. The global balancing for a series-connected battery string is achieved based on forward conversion in each battery module and based on flyback conversion among modules. The demagnetization of the multiwinding transformers is also simultaneously achieved by the flyback conversion among modules without the need of additional demagnetizing circuits. Moreover, all MOSFET switches are driven by two complementary pulse width modulation signals without the requirement of cell voltage sensors, and energy can be automatically and simultaneously delivered from any high voltage cells to any low voltage cells. Compared with existing equalizers requiring additional balancing circuits for battery modules, the proposed modularized equalizer shares one circuit for the balancing among cells and modules. The balancing performance of the proposed equalizer is perfectly verified through experimental results, and the maximum balancing efficiency is up to 91.3%. In summary, the proposed modularized equalizer has the advantages of easier modularization, simpler control, higher efficiency, smaller size, and lower cost, ensuring the battery system higher reliability and easier implementation.
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