☆ 4.7 Article

Bioelectrical Signal Detection Using Conducting Polymer Electrodes and the Displacement Current Method

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL (2017)

Journal

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL

Volume 17, Issue 13, Pages 3961-3966

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC

DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2703834

Keywords

Organic bioelectronics; displacement current extracellular electrodes; organ-on-a-chip

Funding

Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the Implantable Organic Devices for Advanced Therapies Project [PTDC/EEI-AUT/5442/2014]
Instituto de Telecomunicacoes [UID/Multi/04326/2013]
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/EEI-AUT/5442/2014] Funding Source: FCT

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Abstract

Conducting polymer electrodes based on poly (3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate were used to record electrophysiological signals from autonomous cardiac contractile cells present in embryoid bodies. Signal detection was carried out by measuring the displacement current across the polymer/electrolyte double-layer capacitance, and compared with voltage detection. While for relatively low capacitance electrodes, the voltage amplification provides higher signal quality, and for high capacitive electrodes, the displacement current method exhibits a higher signal-to-noise ratio. It is proposed that the displacement current method combined with high capacitive polymer-based electrodes is adequate to measure clusters of cells and whole organs. Our approach has a great potential in fundamental studies of drug discovery and safety pharmacology.

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Organ-on-a-chip with integrated semitransparent organic electrodes for barrier function monitoring

Denise Marrero, Anton Guimera, Laura Maes, Rosa Villa, Mar Alvarez, Xavi Illa

Summary: Organs-on-a-chip (OoC) are cell culture platforms that replicate key functional units of tissues in vitro. Barrier integrity and permeability evaluation are of utmost importance when studying barrier-forming tissues. Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool and is widely used to monitor barrier permeability and integrity in real-time. However, data comparison across devices is misleading due to the generation of a non-homogenous field across the tissue barrier, making impedance data normalization very challenging. In this work, we address this issue by integrating PEDOT:PSS electrodes for barrier function monitoring with impedance spectroscopy. The semitransparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes cover the entire cell culture membrane providing a homogenous electric field across the entire membrane making the cell culture area equally accountable to the measured impedance. To the best of our knowledge, PEDOT:PSS has never been used solely to monitor the impedance of cellular barriers while enabling optical inspection in the OoC. The performance of the device is demonstrated by lining the device with intestinal cells where we monitored barrier formation under flow conditions, as well as barrier disruption and recovery under exposure to a permeability enhancer. The barrier tightness and integrity, and the intercellular cleft have been evaluated by analyzing the full impedance spectrum. Furthermore, the device is autoclavable paving the way toward more sustainable OoC options.

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