Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ryuzo Orihashi, Yoshiomi Imamura, Shigeto Yamada, Akira Monji, Yoshito Mizoguchi
Summary: This study investigated the association between serum cortisol levels and brain volume among older adults in rural Japan aged 65 years and above. The results showed a negative correlation between serum cortisol levels at baseline and brain volume in the left hippocampus region. Serum cortisol levels may serve as a peripheral biomarker of age-related volume changes involving the hippocampus in older adults.
Article
Neurosciences
Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan, Ilana J. Bennett, Craig El Stark
Summary: Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have allowed the non-invasive investigation of the microstructure of gray matter. This study examined whether certain diffusion metrics commonly used in gray matter provide enough additional information to justify the increased acquisition time. The results showed that the integration of these measures improved the predictive power of the models used, suggesting that they may capture independent microstructural information.
Article
Neurosciences
Hong Chai, Jianhua Sun, Peng Zhou, Lingyu Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed T1 MRI scans and found that the structure of the hippocampus changes with age, with the left hippocampus being affected earlier than the right.
Article
Neuroimaging
Corina G. Schone, Michael Rebsamen, Gerda Wyssen, Christian Rummel, Franca Wagner, Dominique Vibert, Fred W. Mast
Summary: This study found differences in the volumes of the hippocampus and other brain structures in patients with vestibular dysfunction. Patients with chronic or acute unilateral vestibular dysfunction had smaller volumes in the right presubiculum of the hippocampus and the left supramarginal gyrus, while patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction did not show these changes. These findings suggest that unilateral vestibular dysfunction may lead to reduced volumes in brain structures involved in vestibular processing.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mark A. Fraser, Erin I. Walsh, Marnie E. Shaw, Walter P. Abhayaratna, Kaarin J. Anstey, Perminder S. Sachdev, Nicolas Cherbuin
Summary: Understanding heterogeneity in brain aging trajectories is crucial for optimizing aging outcomes. This study investigated hippocampal changes in middle-aged and older individuals, finding different rates of volume decrease in different age groups. Men experienced steeper declines in middle age, while a subgroup of older participants maintained stable volumes.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Erin E. O'Connor, Thomas A. Zeffiro, Oscar L. Lopez, James T. Becker
Summary: The study found that while HIV infection has a localized effect on the striatal structure, having a prior ADI is a strong predictor of smaller global and regional GMV. HIV infection and ADI have independent effects on brain structure, without associated accelerated lower volume with age.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Wei-Ling Chen, Yukiko Nishita, Akinori Nakamura, Takashi Kato, Takeshi Nakagawa, Shu Zhang, Hiroshi Shimokata, Rei Otsuka, Kuan-Pin Su, Hidenori Arai
Summary: This study found a positive correlation between hemoglobin concentration and hippocampal volume in middle-aged and older adults, highlighting the importance of monitoring hemoglobin concentration to decrease the possibility of neurodegeneration.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Chuqi Li, Yanyang Zhang, Wenxin Wang, Tao Zhou, Xinguang Yu, Hong Tao
Summary: This study investigates the effects of excessive cortisol on the structure and function of the hippocampus in patients with Cushing's disease. Results show that Cushing's disease patients have smaller volumes in all four hippocampal subregions and altered functional connectivity with high-order networks. The intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity is associated with the quality of life in Cushing's disease patients.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Heather Bondi, Valeria Bortolotto, Pier Luigi Canonico, Mariagrazia Grilli
Summary: This study found that astrocytes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of middle-aged mice have different responses to aging. Astrocytes in the dorsal DG showed a significant increase in morphological complexity, while astrocytes in the ventral DG and entorhinal cortex underwent remarkable changes. These findings suggest a new level of complexity in structural changes associated with brain aging.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryotaro Ide, Miho Ota, Yasushi Hada, Takumi Takahashi, Masashi Tamura, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Tetsuaki Arai
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between balance function and the volume of the hippocampus and its subfields. The findings suggest a positive correlation between balance function and the volume of the whole hippocampus and specific subfields in healthy elderly individuals. Therefore, balance function may be associated with hippocampal volume.
Article
Neurosciences
Maryam Noroozian, Reza Kormi-Nouri, Lars Nyberg, Jonas Persson
Summary: This study investigated the impact of motor involvement ability on brain structure during memory encoding. Results showed that individuals with low or declining ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding had smaller gray matter volume in regions critical for memory and motor functions, as well as altered white matter integrity. Furthermore, the type of dopamine-regulating genes was also associated with motor involvement ability.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Max P. Herzberg, Rebecca Tillman, Sridhar Kandala, Deanna M. Barch, Joan Luby
Summary: This study investigated the moderating effect of family income on the relationship between depression and hippocampal volume. The results showed that the severity of preschool depression interacted with family income to predict hippocampal volume. Furthermore, family income was only associated with hippocampal volumes in individuals with low to moderate preschool depression severity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Steven M. Weisberg, Arne D. Ekstrom
Summary: The relationship between hippocampal volume and navigation ability is controversial, with some evidence showing a structure-behavior relationship and other experiments showing no correlation. Therefore, the functional connectivity model may be more important, as navigation is dynamic and good navigators can flexibly solve spatial challenges.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Valerie Karl, Tim Rohe
Summary: Emotion recognition declines with age, but it is unclear whether this is due to structural brain changes. A study using voxel-based morphometry analysis found no correlation between gray matter volume changes and age-related decline in emotion recognition. However, exploratory analysis suggested that gray matter volume may be related to overall emotion recognition, although the effect size is small.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jinya Sato, Yoji Hirano, Noriaki Hirakawa, Junichi Takahashi, Naoya Oribe, Hironori Kuga, Itta Nakamura, Shogo Hirano, Takefumi Ueno, Osamu Togao, Akio Hiwatashi, Tomohiro Nakao, Toshiaki Onitsuka
Summary: This study used high-resolution MRI to measure hippocampal volumes in healthy individuals, schizophrenia patients, and bipolar disorder patients, finding significant differences in right hippocampal volume among the groups and lower left hippocampal volume in schizophrenia patients. Volumes of the amygdalae, Heschl's gyrus, and planum temporale did not differ significantly among the three groups.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Johanna Drewelies, Peter Eibich, Sandra Duezel, Simone Kuehn, Christian Krekel, Jan Goebel, Jens Kolbe, Ilja Demuth, Ulman Lindenberger, Gert G. Wagner, Denis Gerstorf
Summary: The study found that objective neighborhood characteristics, such as unemployment rate, are linked to perceptions of control among older adults, particularly in terms of how much control they believe others have over their lives. Including neighborhood characteristics significantly increased the amount of explained variance in control beliefs compared to a model controlling for demographic characteristics only.
Article
Neurosciences
Shai Porat, Francesca Sibilia, Josephine Yoon, Yonggang Shi, Martin J. Dahl, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Sandra Duezel, Nils Bodammer, Ulman Lindenberger, Simone Kuhn, Mara Mather
Summary: Diffusion in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and its ascending bundle is susceptible to structural changes in aging, resulting in opposing effects on fractional anisotropy.
Article
Neurosciences
Bofan Wu, Andrew P. Bagshaw, Clayton Hickey, Simone Kuehn, Martin Wilson
Summary: Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have revealed the relationship between individual differences in the structure and function of the human brain and health and cognition. However, the relationship between individual differences and neuro-metabolite levels remains largely unexplored. This study measured metabolite levels and achieved high classification accuracy using machine learning and metabolomic methodology. These findings suggest the existence of neuro-metabolic phenotypes that can be measured using widely available technology.
Article
Neurosciences
Maxi Becker, Dimitris Repantis, Martin Dresler, Simone Kuehn
Summary: This study used behavioral and fMRI data to investigate the cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants such as methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine. The results showed that these stimulants can enhance memory and modulate functional connectivity between brain networks. Specifically, the frontoparietal network and default mode network were found to be affected, suggesting that these networks play a role in the cognitive enhancement mechanisms of stimulants.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
K. K. Roessler, S. Weber, N. Tawil, S. Kuehn
Summary: This study explores the relationship between environmental psychology and cognitive neuropsychology, revealing the psychological attributes people assign to house facades through network analysis. Cultural differences were found in certain correlations, but not in others.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonja Sudimac, Vera Sale, Simone Kuehn
Summary: This study investigates the effects of walking in urban and natural environments on stress-related brain regions. The findings suggest that walking in nature can decrease amygdala activation, while walking in an urban environment has no significant effect. This highlights the potential preventive role of natural environments against mental strain and potentially disease.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jakob Scheunemann, Lena Jelinek, Sarah V. Biedermann, Michael Lipp, Amir H. Yassari, Simone Kuehn, Juergen Gallinat, Steffen Moritz
Summary: Research indicates that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) exhibit similar cognitive biases to patients with psychosis. This study aimed to explore if these biases were exaggerated in a social context. Participants were asked to estimate age and presumed hostility based on a photo and received additional advice. Surprisingly, BPD patients performed similarly to healthy controls, seeking the same amount of advice and using it to revise their estimates.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Steffen Moritz, Anja S. Goeritz, Simone Kuehn, Josefine Gehlenborg
Summary: This study developed a new technique called 3P by combining imaginal retraining and decoupling, which significantly reduced craving for alcohol. Although only short-term effects were examined, this technique shows promise as a convenient and effective self-help method to reduce alcohol cravings.
EUROPEAN ADDICTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Lender, Janina Wirtz, Martin Kronbichler, Sercan Kahveci, Simone Kuehn, Jens Blechert
Summary: This study investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of approach behavior toward chocolate using fMRI and reaction times. The results showed an approach bias toward chocolate, which was associated with activity in the medial OFC. This study highlights the importance of stimulus-specific cognitive trainings for healthy consumption and self-regulation.
Article
Psychiatry
Robert C. Lorenz, Oisin Butler, Gerd Willmund, Ulrich Wesemann, Peter Zimmermann, Juergen Gallinat, Simone Kuehn
Summary: Severe trauma exposure may lead to symptoms of both posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, potentially due to imbalances in fronto-limbic circuits. Behavioral findings show an increase in depression symptom scores among deployed soldiers, while neural analysis suggests a positive correlation between depression symptom changes and amygdala and hippocampus ROI values.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Simone Kuehn, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Christian Buechel, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie Laure Paillere Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Frohner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Nilakshi Vaidya, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Juergen Gallinat
Summary: Previous research has shown that the living environment during the first 15 years of life is related to brain structure. This study focuses on the current living environment of 677 younger adults from different European cities. The findings indicate that the amount of tree cover around the current home address is positively associated with grey matter volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC). The volume of rOFC is associated with cognitive abilities, impulsivity, alcohol use problems, and may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jakob Scheunemann, Simone Kuehn, Sarah Biedermann, Michael Lipp, Judith Peth, Juergen Gallinat, Lena Jelinek
Summary: This study assessed implicit measures of self-harm in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) using three implicit association tests (IATs) and a subliminal priming task. The results showed that patients with BPD had higher scores on all three IATs compared to healthy controls. However, the correlations between implicit and explicit measures were mostly weak, suggesting limited discriminative value of IATs in patients with BPD.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Claire Pauley, Malte Kobelt, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Myriam C. Sander
Summary: Robust evidence suggests that older adults have mnemonic deficits due to less distinct neural responses during memory encoding. This study investigated retrieval-related dedifferentiation and its role in age-related memory decline. The findings revealed age-related reductions in neural distinctiveness during all memory phases, and distinctiveness during encoding predicted both item- and category-level mnemonic outcomes better than distinctiveness during retrieval and reinstatement. This study contributes to the limited evidence on age-related neural dedifferentiation during memory retrieval.
Article
Environmental Studies
Simone Kuehn, Katharina Schmalen, Roseriet Beijers, Anna Tyborowska, Karin Roelofs, Carolina de Weerth
Summary: There is growing evidence that green spaces have positive effects on mental and brain health. This study examined the relationship between different types of green spaces and MRI brain structure in children from the Netherlands over time. The results showed that green open space and sky view were positively associated with grey matter volume in prefrontal clusters, while tree cover density had a negative association. The visibility of sky was found to be the most important predictor in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings have implications for evidence-based urban planning that promotes health.
ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Retraction
Neurosciences
Malte Kobelt, Verena R. Sommer, Attila Keresztes, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Myriam C. Sander
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
