Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 191-210Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1023430
Keywords
Androgen receptor; biomarker; castration resistant prostate cancer; EpCAM; liquid biopsy; microfluidic; PSA
Categories
Funding
- NIGMS [R01 GM63090]
- National Cancer Institute [R01 CA127727]
- Robert B. Goergen Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award
- Department of Defense Physician Research Training Award [W81XWH-10-1-0483]
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Substantial advances in the molecular biology of prostate cancer have led to the approval of multiple new systemic agents to treat men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). These treatments encompass androgen receptor directed therapies, immunotherapies, bone targeting radiopharmaceuticals and cytotoxic chemotherapies. There is, however, great heterogeneity in the degree of patient benefit with these agents, thus fueling the need to develop predictive biomarkers that are able to rationally guide therapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the potential to provide an assessment of tumor-specific biomarkers through a non-invasive, repeatable liquid biopsy of a patient's cancer at a given point in time. CTCs have been extensively studied in men with mCRPC, where CTC enumeration using the Cellsearch (R) method has been validated and FDA approved to be used in conjunction with other clinical parameters as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic prostate cancer. In addition to enumeration, more sophisticated molecular profiling of CTCs is now feasible and may provide more clinical utility as it may reflect tumor evolution within an individual particularly under the pressure of systemic therapies. Here, we review technologies used to detect and characterize CTCs, and the potential biological and clinical utility of CTC molecular profiling in men with metastatic prostate cancer.
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