Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sania Shabbir, Emaan Khurram, Vedhika Sathya Moorthi, Youssef Tamer Hassan Eissa, Mohammad Azhar Kamal, Alexandra E. Butler
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a genetic disorder with a complex etiology. It is primarily characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, which lead to physiological dysfunctions and chronic inflammation. This review paper explores the relationship between androgens, the immune response, and their contribution to PCOS.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Javad Heshmati, Ashraf Moini, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Mojgan Morvaridzadeh, Masoud Salehi, Andriko Palmowski, Maryam Farid Mojtahedi, Farzad Shidfar
Summary: The study found that using curcumin in PCOS patients can effectively improve blood sugar and androgen levels, and is safe and reliable. Longer trials with different dosages are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Biology
Angelo Ascani, Sara Torstensson, Sanjiv Risal, Haojiang Lu, Gustaw Eriksson, Congru Li, Sabrina Teschl, Joana Menezes, Katalin Sandor, Claes Ohlsson, Camilla I. Svensson, Mikael C. I. Karlsson, Martin Helmut Stradner, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Elisabet Stener-Victorin
Summary: This study found that variations in B cell numbers are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but B cells are not central mediators of PCOS pathology. Hyperandrogenic women with PCOS have increased frequencies of specific types of B cells and higher levels of circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM), but transferring their serum to mice only leads to weight gain. Further experiments demonstrated that co-treatment with an androgen receptor antagonist can prevent PCOS-like phenotypes and alterations of B cell frequencies induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in wild-type mice. B cell-deficient mice exposed to DHT still develop PCOS-like phenotypes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jin Yu, Yulai Zhou, Jie Ding, Danying Zhang, Chaoqin Yu, Hefeng Huang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the metabolic characteristics of overweight women with PCOS and analyze the possible mechanisms. The results showed that overweight PCOS patients were prone to hypertension, diabetes, low gonadal levels, and insulin resistance. Inflammatory cytokines CXCL12/SDF-1, Serpin E1/PAI-1, and MIF were predicted to play a crucial role in inducing insulin resistance in overweight PCOS through various biological functions and signal transductions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiayue Liu, Ying Liu, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by ovulation disorders, high androgen levels, and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. Intestinal flora, known as the second genome of human beings, is closely linked to metabolic diseases, immune diseases, and infectious diseases. There is increasing evidence that intestinal flora can regulate insulin synthesis and secretion, affect androgen metabolism and follicular development, and play a role in chronic inflammation and obesity. The imbalance of intestinal flora, related to changes in microbial diversity and interactions with host cells, is associated with the occurrence and development of PCOS. Modulating intestinal flora may offer a potential direction for PCOS treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Huiqing Liu, Xingqi Meng, Jinyuan Wang, Yi Wei, Jinru Tang, Xiaocan Lei, Weiguo He, Suyun Li
Summary: PCOS is an endocrinemetabolic disease affecting reproductive aged women, potentially leading to various complications. Recent studies have identified a protein called SAA that may be associated with PCOS, serving as a potential inflammatory biomarker.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
M. Insenser, A. Quintero, S. de Lope, F. Alvarez-Blasco, M. A. Martinez-Garcia, M. Luque-Ramirez, H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Summary: This research found that the expression of miR-142-3p and miR-598-3p, which are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), differs significantly between women with PCOS and those without. These circulating miRNAs, when combined with easily available measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating LH-to-FSH (LH/FSH) ratios, can effectively distinguish between women with and without PCOS.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yi Zhai, Yanli Pang
Summary: PCOS is a common disorder related to endocrine/reproductive/metabolic systems, and it is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Patients with PCOS have higher levels of inflammatory cells and factors, as well as lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This systemic inflammation is thought to interact with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, Damian G. Romero
Summary: PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, with heterogeneous clinical presentations and involvement of multiple abnormal physiological pathways. Women with PCOS also have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, but there is limited evidence-based therapeutic agents available to treat these complications. Recent studies suggest opportunities for timely effective medical care for women with PCOS, highlighting the unmet need for effective and safe management of the cardiometabolic complications in these patients.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ying-yi Luan, Lei Zhang, Yi-qiu Peng, Ying-ying Li, Rui-xia Liu, Cheng-hong Yin
Summary: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting females, characterized by chronic low-level inflammation, hormonal and immune dysregulation. It can lead to infertility, irregular menstruation, acne, hirsutism, and obesity.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Congshun Ma, Qianru Xiang, Ge Song, Xuefei Wang
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease with no specific drug treatment. Quercetin (QUR), a flavonoid, has potential therapeutic effects for PCOS patients. However, the mechanisms of QUR in PCOS patients remain unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anuradhaa Subramanian, Astha Anand, Nicola J. Adderley, Kelvin Okoth, Konstantinos A. Toulis, Krishna Gokhale, Christopher Sainsbury, Michael W. O'Reilly, Wiebke Arlt, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Summary: The study revealed that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared to women without PCOS, with the risk remaining elevated even after adjusting for other variables. Therefore, it is crucial for PCOS patients to adhere to infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
M. Apaydin, E. D. Kazan, S. Beysel, A. Sari, E. Ozgul, H. Cengiz, T. Demirci, M. Yilmazer
Summary: This study aimed to compare the VAI values of patients with PCOS, patients with IH, and a control group, finding significantly higher VAI values in patients with PCOS.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alice Bongrani, Ingrid Plotton, Namya Mellouk, Christelle Rame, Fabrice Guerif, Pascal Froment, Joelle Dupont
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the expression profile of androgens in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients and compare it to control women and women with only polycystic ovary morphology. The results showed that the intrafollicular concentrations of androgens synthesized by ovarian theca cells were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared to control women, and were positively correlated with PCOS clinical and biological features. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the intrafollicular concentrations of androgens and adipokines, suggesting a close relationship between these two hormonal systems in ovarian physiology and PCOS physiopathology.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Necati Hancerliogullari, Aytekin Tokmak, Gurhan Guney, Meryem Kuru Pekcan, Esin Merve Koc, Tuba Candar, Yaprak Engin Ustun
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, and inflammation is believed to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. This study found that serum calprotectin levels were higher in women with PCOS, and were correlated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johanna Laru, Marja Ojaniemi, Stephen Franks, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Elisa Korhonen, Terhi T. Piltonen, Sylvain Sebert, Juha S. Tapanainen, Laure Morin-Papunen
Summary: There is an association between birth weight and BMI during childhood and adolescence with reproductive capacity in men. Having an optimal growth trajectory during pregnancy and early childhood is crucial for lifelong fertility.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Henna-Riikka Rossi, Outi Uimari, Anna Terho, Paula Pesonen, Sari Koivurova, Terhi Piltonen
Summary: A prospective cohort study investigated the association between endometriosis and nongynecological diseases in women under the age of 50. The findings showed that women with endometriosis were more likely to have hospital-based nongynecological diagnoses compared to those without endometriosis. This association was observed in allergies, infectious diseases, pain-causing diseases, and respiratory diseases.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2023)
Letter
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Terhi Piltonen, Laure Morin-Papunen, Meri-Maija Ollila, Juha Tapanainen, Riikka Arffman, Marjo-Riitta Jaervelin, Stephen Franks
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
M. H. Kangasniemi, R. K. Arffman, S. Joenvaara, A. Haverinen, K. Luiro, T. Tohmola, R. Renkonen, O. Heikinheimo, J. S. Tapanainen, T. T. Piltonen
Summary: This study compares the effects of an estradiol-based combined oral contraceptive (COC) with an ethinylestradiol-based COC and a dienogest-only preparation on the serum proteome. The results demonstrate that the synthetic COC has a wider range of effects on the serum proteome compared to the natural estrogen COC and the progestin-only preparation, involving multiple biological functions.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Forslund, Johanna Melin, Simon Alesi, Terhi Piltonen, Daniela Romualdi, Chau Thien Tay, Selma Witchel, Alexia Pena, Aya Mousa, Helena Teede
Summary: This systematic review found that combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) can improve cycle regularity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is limited evidence for other benefits or potential adverse effects. The study emphasizes the lack of research in PCOS and calls for prioritization of core reproductive, metabolic, and psychological outcomes.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terhi T. Piltonen, Elina Komsi, Laure C. Morin-Papunen, Elisa Korhonen, Stephen Franks, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Riikka K. Arffman, Meri-Maija Ollila
Summary: Using AMH as a surrogate marker for PCOM can help identify women with typical PCOS characteristics in large data sets; the prevalence of PCOS changes depending on the cut-off value used for AMH.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Heini Salo, Henri Sova, Johanna Laru, Anne Talvensaari-Mattila, Virva Nyyssonen, Markku Santala, Terhi Piltonen, Sari Koivurova, Henna-Riikka Rossi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness of minimally invasive mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The outcomes of retropubic (tension-free vaginal tape, TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) methods were compared in a long-term follow-up. The results showed that both TVT and TOT procedures had good long-term outcomes with similar subjective cure rates.
INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emilia Pesonen, Marjukka Nurkkala, Maisa Niemela, Laure Morin-Papunen, Juha S. Tapanainen, Timo Jamsa, Raija Korpelainen, Meri-Maija Ollila, Terhi T. Piltonen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether women with PCOS have more weight-loss attempts than women without PCOS, regardless of BMI. The results showed that women with PCOS had more weight-loss attempts compared with control individuals at both 31 and 46 years of age. The perception of having overweight was also more prevalent in women with PCOS, even among those with normal weight.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria-Elina Mosorin, Terhi Piltonen, Anni S. Rantala, Marika Kangasniemi, Elisa Korhonen, Risto Bloigu, Juha S. Tapanainen, Laure Morin-Papunen
Summary: This clinical trial compares hormonal and metabolic changes in women with PCOS after 9 weeks of continuous use of oral or vaginal CHCs. Blood samples and OGTT were collected at baseline and after treatment. Both oral and vaginal CHCs decreased androgenicity and tended to promote insulin resistance in PCOS women. Larger and longer studies are needed to compare the metabolic effects of different administration routes of CHCs in PCOS women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meri-Maija Ollila, Riikka K. Arffman, Elisa Korhonen, Laure Morin-Papunen, Stephen Franks, Juhani Junttila, Terhi T. Piltonen
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. However, it is still unclear whether the presence of multiple CVD risk factors leads to an increased risk of CVD events.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meri-Maija Ollila, Annemieke Hoek, Terhi T. Piltonen
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Helena J. Teede, Chau Thien Tay, Joop J. E. Laven, Anuja Dokras, Lisa J. Moran, Terhi T. Piltonen, Michael F. Costello, Jacky Boivin, Leanne M. Redman, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Robert J. Norman, Aya Mousa, Anju E. Joham, Internat PCOS Network
Summary: The 2023 International Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS provides clear advice on best practice based on the best available evidence, expert input, and consumer preferences. It includes 254 recommendations and practice points to improve the care and outcomes for PCOS patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Andrology
Johanna Laru, Pekka Pinola, Marja Ojaniemi, Elisa Korhonen, Lotta Laikari, Stephen Franks, Terhi T. Piltonen, Juha S. Tapanainen, Maarit Niinimaeki, Laure Morin-Papunen
Summary: This study found that maternal obesity during pregnancy and early weight gain are associated with lower testosterone levels in men at age 31, independent of adult abdominal obesity. Given the well-known health risks related to obesity and the increasing prevalence of maternal obesity, the results emphasize the importance of preventing obesity for the later reproductive health of offspring.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jaakko Leinonen, Nina Mars, Leevi Lehtonen, Ari Ahola-Olli, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Terho Lehtimaki, Mika Kahonen, Olli Raitakari, Terhi Piltonen, Mark Daly, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Samuli Ripatti, Matti Pirinen, Taru Tukiainen
Summary: This study examines the relationship between testosterone levels and human health. The analysis of genetic and health registry data reveals that while testosterone levels are associated with various health characteristics, the causality of these associations is debated. The study shows that testosterone levels are intricately tied to metabolic health but lack of evidence for causality is found in most associations. However, genetically predicted testosterone levels do affect many sex-specific traits.
COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Pujol Gualdo, Maarja Lepamets, Kristi Lall, Riikka Arffman, Terhi Piltonen, Reedik Magi, Triin Laisk
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)