Article
Environmental Sciences
Jialong Lai, Feifei Cui, Yi Xu, Chaofei Liu, Ling Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the coarse-grained materials on the farside of the Moon using LPR radar data, revealing an average loss tangent value of 0.0104±0.0027 and an abundance of FeOT+TiO2 at 20.08wt.%, significantly higher than the overlying fine-grained regolith.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuxi Li, Bin Zhou, Shaoxiang Shen, Wei Lu, Chuanjun Tang, Shidong Li, Yan Su, Shun Dai, Guangyou Fang
Summary: This study presents the results of the Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) equipped on China's Chang'E-5 probe, revealing the lunar regolith structure and electromagnetic properties of the landing site.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Iraklis Giannakis, Feng Zhou, Craig Warren, Antonios Giannopoulos
Summary: This study investigated the shallow layers of lunar regolith at the Chang'E-4 landing site using lunar penetrating radar to identify four layers between 0 and 10 m. A revised stratigraphic model was suggested for the post-Imbrian ejecta at the Von Karman crater based on these findings. A novel hyperbola-fitting scheme was proposed to estimate permittivity profiles and detect previously unnoticed layered structures.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanjie Song, Chao Li, Jinhai Zhang, Xing Wu, Yang Liu, Yongliao Zou
Summary: The paper introduces a procedure that combines rock extraction technique and common offset semblance analysis for interpreting CE-4 LPR data, capable of obtaining high-precision detection results of rock positions and properties.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ling Zhang, Yi Xu, Roberto Bugiolacchi, Bin Hu, Cai Liu, Jialong Lai, Zhaofa Zeng, Zhijun Huo
Summary: The study used Lunar Penetrating Radar to investigate the subsurface structure of the Von Karman crater on the lunar farside over 20 lunar days, revealing clear reflectors and rock clusters, shedding light on their formation mechanisms and geological history.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chunyu Ding, Qingquan Li, Jiangwan Xu, Zhonghan Lei, Jiawei Li, Yan Su, Shaopeng Huang
Summary: The Moon-based ground penetrating radar carried by the Yutu rover is used to explore the shallow subsurface structure of the Moon and its internal resources. The results show that the helium-3 reservoir along the Yutu rover's route is estimated to be 37-51 g with a concentration of 0.083-0.114 g/m^2, which is at least five times higher than the global average. The article also discusses the possibility of using lunar helium-3 as fuel for nuclear fusion and suggests the Chang'E-3 landing area as a potential site for future helium-3 exploitation.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yongjiu Feng, Shurui Chen, Xiaohua Tong, Chao Wang, Pengshuo Li, Mengrong Xi, Changjiang Xiao
Summary: The Yutu-2 rover on China's Chang'E-4 mission successfully landed in the Von Karman crater on the lunar farside, which may provide valuable information about lunar formation and evolution. Using the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the rover, a band-limited impedance (BLIMP) inversion method was proposed to generate continuous dielectric 2-D profiles. By analyzing the dielectric constants retrieved from point reflectors, the team estimated variations in regolith thickness along the rover's path and found that it could be attributed to changes in ancient surface topography and nearby crater ejecta. The study's findings can improve our understanding of lunar subsurface structure and formation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Huaqing Cao, Yi Xu, Luyuan Xu, Ling Zhang, Roberto Bugiolacchi, Feng Zhang
Summary: The Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) on Chang'e-4's Yutu-2 rover has been collecting data on the subsurface structure of the Von Karman crater since early 2019. Forty-two days of data have revealed a bifurcated structure beneath the surveying area, impacting the overlying reflectors between 90 and 310 meters. This study suggests that the structure may be linked to the deposition of ejecta from the Schrodinger impact.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Honglei Lin, Shuai Li, Yangting Lin, Yang Liu, Yong Wei, Wei Yang, Yazhou Yang, Sen Hu, Xing Wu, Rui Xu, Chunlai Li, Zhiping He
Summary: Accurate assessment of surface temperatures on the Moon is crucial for understanding physical properties of the lunar surface regolith and thermal effects on reflectance spectra. Spectral measurements at the Chang'E-4 landing site revealed surface temperatures of 346 ± 8 K. Thermal contributions to reflectance data may lead to overestimation of pyroxene and/or glasses, highlighting the importance of thermal correction models for future missions like Chang'E-5 and -6.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Feiyang Fang, Chunyu Ding, Jianqing Feng, Yan Su, Ravi Sharma, Iraklis Giannakis
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the new advancements achieved by the Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) in observing the basic structure of the shallow regolith of the Moon. It emphasizes the role played by the LRPR in revealing details about the shallow lunar regolith's structure, its estimated dielectric properties, the provenance of the regolith materials, and its interpretation of the geological stratification at the landing site. Lastly, it envisions the application and developmental trends of in situ radar technology in future lunar exploration.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chunyu Ding, Siting Xiong, Jing Li, Yan Su, Shaopeng Huang
Summary: This study quantifies the heterogeneity of the lunar regolith using the high-frequency Yutu-2 radar observation and finds a positive correlation between heterogeneity and geological age. The findings are important for interpreting lunar observation data.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zhonghan Lei, Chunyu Ding
Summary: China has successfully carried out five lunar exploration missions since 2007, including orbiting, landing, and returning. The Lunar Penetrating Radar carried by the Yutu-2 rover in the Chang'E-4 mission is the only radar still operating on the far side of the Moon, and it has collected a large amount of scientific data related to the geological evolution of the lunar surface and the exploration of lunar resources.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Haoqiu Zhou, Xuan Feng, Chunyu Ding, Zejun Dong, Cai Liu, Yan Zhang, Zhiguo Meng
Summary: A study has found an intact buried crater near the Chang'E-4 landing site, revealing the rock structure inside it through special analysis methods. It is suggested that the filling materials within the crater may be the initial lunar mantle materials.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ruonan Chen, Yi Xu, Minggang Xie, Ling Zhang, Shengli Niu, Roberto Bugiolacchi
Summary: This study used a modified method to estimate the fine-resolution spatial distribution of relative permittivity and improve the interpretation of the geological processes in the landing area of China's Chang'E-4 probe. The results show sub-surface stratification, determined the depth of prominent sub-surface interfaces, and obtained the thickness and permittivity values of regolith and rock debris. The permittivity map is consistent with the radargram and reveals detailed variations of material properties both inside and outside craters.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ke Shi, Zongyu Yue, Kaichang Di, Jianzhong Liu, Zehua Dong
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the evolution of lunar regolith and applied it to the landing area of the Chang'E-4 probe on the farside of the Moon. The research found that larger impact events control the formation of lunar regolith, while the overturning and mixing of lunar regolith on the surface are mainly caused by smaller impact events. The results also suggest that most of the lunar regolith formed before 3.0 billion years ago due to a high impact flux during that time.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Minggang Xie, Zhiyong Xiao
Summary: The giant planets deliver numerous impactors to the Moon through dynamic instability. The impacts of leftover planetesimals decay quicker than those from the main belt. Previous derived densities are biased. Here, a model considering all these effects is established to derive debiased crater densities, showing a constant flux and more intense earlier impact flux dominated by leftover planetesimals.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yuqi Qian, Zhenbing She, Qi He, Long Xiao, Zaicong Wang, James W. Head, Lingzhi Sun, Yiran Wang, Bo Wu, Xiang Wu, Biji Luo, Kenan Cao, Yiheng Li, Mingtan Dong, Wenlei Song, Fabin Pan, Joseph Michalski, Binlong Ye, Jiawei Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Jun Huang, Jiannan Zhao, Jiang Wang, Keqing Zong, Zhaochu Hu
Summary: This study found that young lunar basalts have a lower abundance of olivine than previously suggested, based on the analysis of Chang'e-5 samples and Moon Mineralogy Mapper data. The research also reassessed the model ages of these basalts and discovered an increasing trend in TiO2 abundance with time. The presence of young basalts around 2.0 billion years ago indicates ongoing mare volcanism and the need for additional heat sources or mechanisms compared to older basalts. Therefore, further investigation and sampling of young mare samples from Chang'e-5 and other potential sites are necessary to understand the late lunar thermal and volcanic history.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Wei Cai, Peimin Zhu, Guangchao Li
Summary: This paper proposes a new algorithm for FIM, which utilizes second-order and mixed-order difference schemes under the parallel computing structure. It effectively improves the calculation accuracy of traveltimes while maintaining the original computational efficiency. Improved finite difference calculation in the diagonal direction of square grids and the double-grid technique near the source are applied to further reduce overall calculation error.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiang Wang, Jiannan Zhao, Long Xiao, Shuai Peng, Liang Zhang, Zhixin Zhang, Antong Gao, He Qiao, Le Wang, Shiqi Zhang, Xiao Xiao, Yutong Shi, Siyuan Zhao, Jiawei Zhao, Yuqi Qian, Jun Zhang, Xubing Zhang, Jun Huang
Summary: In this study, using data from China's Zhurong rover and high-resolution remote sensing, the researchers investigated transverse aeolian ridges in the Zhurong landing region of Utopia Planitia on Mars. They proposed a two-stage evolutionary scenario for the ridges and identified polygonal features with hydrated minerals on their surface for the first time. The study discusses possible formation mechanisms for these features and suggests they may be linked to recent aqueous activity and atmosphere-surface water exchange on Mars, providing insights into the hydrological cycle of Mars in its current cold and dry climate.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Biji Luo, Zaicong Wang, Jiale Song, Yuqi Qian, Qi He, Yiheng Li, James W. Head, Frederic Moynier, Long Xiao, Harry Becker, Bixuan Huang, Bing Ruan, Yangxuan Hu, Fabing Pan, Chang Xu, Wenlong Liu, Keqing Zong, Jiawei Zhao, Wen Zhang, Zhaochu Hu, Zhenbing She, Xiang Wu, Hongfei Zhang
Summary: The lunar basalt samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission originated from an olivine-bearing pyroxenite mantle source. Through high-degree fractional crystallization, these magmas accumulated and evolved at the top of the lithospheric mantle before rapidly erupting onto the surface.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Xu, Zhiyong Xiao, Fanglu Luo, Yichen Wang, Jun Cui
Summary: The heterogeneous shock impedances of planetary materials cause abrupt changes in ejection angles, resulting in non-radial ejecta. These untrackable ejecta affect interpretations of surface deposits and ages derived from crater counts. Impact ejecta serve as important references for establishing regional and global stratigraphy of planetary bodies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Qing Pan, Zhiyong Xiao, Yanxue Wu, Yunhua Wu, Pan Yan
Summary: Iron-sulfur spherules in Muong Nong-type tektites from South China contain abundant magnetite nano-grains, indicating similar thermal history and cooling in an ambient magnetic field that is the same order of magnitude as the Earth's magnetic field.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yunhua Wu, Weibiao Hsu, Shiyong Liao, Zhiyong Xiao, Xiaochao Che, Lili Pan, Ye Li, Shaolin Li
Summary: NWA 13581 is a newly found gabbroic rock on Mars, providing important insights into the mantle sources and magmatic evolution of shergottites. It shares similar characteristics with other enriched shergottites, suggesting a common process in their mantle reservoir and during crystallization. The textural and mineralogical diversities of shergottites are largely related to crystallization at different crustal levels.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yizhen Ma, Zhiyong Xiao, Fanglu Luo, Wei Cao, Rui Xu
Summary: Based on sounding radar observations, there are no clear reflections in the layered ejecta deposits at low latitudes on Mars, indicating similar dielectric properties across their interfaces. The relative permittivity of materials in the layered ejecta deposits is estimated to be within a broad range of -2 to 10, based on the surface permittivity of background terrains. These findings have significant implications for the presence of past and present water ice at low latitudes on Mars.
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Long Xiao
JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Long Xiao, Jun Huang, Zhiyong Xiao, Chao Qi, Yuqi Qian
Summary: This paper summarizes the volcanic activities on different planets, satellites, and dwarf planets in the Solar System, highlighting the significance of volcanic activity in heat-material exchange and planetary evolution. By comparing volcanism on different celestial bodies, it provides valuable insights into planetary habitability, and the origin and evolution of the Solar System.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heng-Ci Tian, Chi Zhang, Wei Yang, Jun Du, Yi Chen, Zhiyong Xiao, Ross N. Mitchell, Hejiu Hui, Hitesh G. Changela, Tian-Xin Zhang, Xu Tang, Di Zhang, Yangting Lin, Xianhua Li, Fuyuan Wu
Summary: This study investigates the mineralogy and geochemistry of lunar basalts from the Chang'e-5 mission, revealing limited magma recharge or shallow-level assimilation in most crystals. Thermal modeling shows an enhanced magmatic flux around 2 billion years ago, suggesting episodic eruptions at the final stage could have above average eruptive fluxes, revising models of lunar thermal evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Jile Chen, Peimin Zhu
Summary: This paper presents an improved GPU-accelerated algorithm, SuperLU3D_Alternate, for the LU factorization of very large sparse matrices with limited GPU resources. The algorithm divides a large matrix into multiple submatrices, performs LU factorization on each submatrix, and assembles the results into complete matrices L and U. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieves higher efficiency in solving larger matrices under the same GPU memory consumption.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yanling Chen, Pei-Min Zhu, Wudi Wen, Jinpeng Jiang
Summary: This article proposes a multi-GPU acceleration 3-D acoustic FWI algorithm based on the finite-difference method in the time-domain method. The algorithm improves the parallelism of the 3-D wavefield simulation algorithm and achieves bidirectional parallel data transfer between GPUs. Numerical tests show significant improvement in computational efficiency, with 19% acceleration in forward simulation and 25% acceleration in gradient calculation compared to a typical multi-GPU implementation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nils C. Prieur, Brian Amaro, Emiliano Gonzalez, Hannah Kerner, Sergei Medvedev, Lior Rubanenko, Stephanie C. Werner, Zhiyong Xiao, Dmitry Zastrozhnov, Mathieu G. A. Lapotre
Summary: Boulders are formed through geological processes, and we have developed a neural network called BoulderNet to automate their detection and characterization in high-resolution satellite and aerial images. BoulderNet achieves better performance than existing methods, providing a versatile open-source tool for characterizing entire boulder fields on planetary surfaces.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
