Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 44, Issue 20, Pages 10349-10358Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075432
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Funding
- Berkeley Undergraduate Research Assistantship Program
- National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR 1455362]
- Moore Foundation Data Driven Discovery Investigator Program [GBMF-4555]
- Directorate For Geosciences [1455362] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1455362] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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How important is hydrologic connectivity for surface water fluxes through heterogeneous floodplains, deltas, and wetlands? While significant for management, this question remains poorly addressed. Here we adopt spatial resistance averaging, based on channel and patch configuration metrics quantifiable from aerial imagery, to produce an upscaled rate law for discharge. Our model suggests that patch coverage largely controls discharge sensitivity, with smaller effects from channel connectivity and vegetation patch fractal dimension. However, connectivity and patch configuration become increasingly important near the percolation threshold and at low water levels. These effects can establish positive feedbacks responsible for substantial flow change in evolving landscapes (14-36%, in our Everglades case study). Connectivity also interacts with other drivers; flow through poorly connected hydroscapes is less resilient to perturbations in other drivers. Finally, we found that flow through heterogeneous patches is alone sufficient to produce non-Manning flow-depth relationships commonly observed in wetlands but previously attributed to depth-varying roughness.
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