Article
Psychology, Clinical
Xuhui Yuan, Zirong Ren, Zhengjie Liu, Weijian Li, Binghai Sun
Summary: The study found that charitable organizations can enhance public trust by adopting a diminish strategy during an accidental crisis, while those with a crisis history can build trust by using a rebuild strategy. Additionally, different crisis response strategies have varying effects on trust repair depending on the type of crisis history the charity has.
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeffrey L. Cummings, Dana P. Goldman, Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Eric Ponton
Summary: Over the past 26 years, the private sector has invested a total of $42.5 billion in the development of Alzheimer's disease drugs, with the majority of costs incurred during phase 3 clinical trials. This calls for continued investment from industry, government, and academia to reduce expenses and develop disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Business
Matthew J. Hornsey, Cassandra M. Chapman, Heidi Mangan, Stephen La Macchia, Nicole Gillespie
Summary: Through three experiments, it was found that consumer trust decreases more significantly when an organization is described as a nonprofit, possibly due to higher ethical expectations people have for nonprofits. This drop in trust affects consumer intentions and word of mouth intentions. No evidence was found to support the idea that a nonprofit's moral reputation can protect it from negative consequences of transgressions.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Martin Howell, Noa Amir, Chandana Guha, Karine Manera, Allison Tong
Summary: Randomised controlled clinical trials are essential for clinical guidelines and patient care. Valid and reliable PROMs are necessary to measure patient outcomes. Mixed methods research is critical for developing PROMs.
Article
Political Science
Nathan J. Grasse, Elizabeth A. M. Searing, Daniel G. Neely
Summary: The study found that the impact of government funding on private donations varies by type of charity and level of government funding source, with some sectors showing crowd-in, some crowd-out, and some displaying both phenomena depending on the level of government providing funding. This emphasizes the need for further research on the context and variations involved in crowd-out effects.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY
(2022)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Samia Ayyub, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Asim Nawaz
Summary: This study examines the predictors of organic food purchase intention in a nascent organic market in South Asia, finding that personal attributes play a more significant role in influencing the intention to purchase organic food, while trust partially mediates the relationship between personal attributes and product attributes with organic food purchase intention.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Victor S. Harrison, Mahfuzul H. Khan, Christine E. Chamberlain, David M. Harlan
Summary: This article recounts the glorious history of insulin research, telling the stories of passionate scientists pursuing groundbreaking research. The fruits of their labor include Nobel Prizes and new technology, which have played a crucial role in improving treatments for diabetes.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Craig Sable, Jennifer S. Li, Martin Tristani-Firouzi, Angela Fagerlin, Robert M. Silver, Mark Yandel, H. Joseph Yost, Andrea Beaton, James Dale, Marc Engel, David Watkins, Christopher Spurney, Asheley C. Skinner, Sarah C. Armstrong, Svati H. Shah, Norrina Allen, Matthew Davis, Lifang Hou, Linda Van Horn, Darwin Labarthe, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Bradley Marino
Summary: The American Heart Association's Strategically Focused Children's Research Network started four unique programs at different institutions to strengthen the health system response to rheumatic heart disease, determine risk factors for obesity and improve care for children with congenital heart defects. These programs exceeded their goals in research productivity, fellow training, and collaboration.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri, Mojgan Rajabi, Gisou Mohaddes
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in aging individuals. The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau protein and the dysfunction of microRNAs play important roles in the pathophysiology of this disease. Targeting microRNAs could be a promising approach for developing new treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Sevgi Kaya-Kasikci, Merve Zayim-Kurtay, Yasar Kondakci
Summary: This study examined the impact of distal factors such as leadership, ICT training, trust, and enabling structure, as well as proximal variables including self-efficacy, attitudes toward technology integration, and perceived norm, on teachers' technology integration behaviors. The data was collected from 11,245 public school teachers at different levels in Turkey. The results of structural equation modeling showed that although leadership does not have a direct link with technology integration, it plays a crucial role through its orchestrating role in creating a conducive climate.
TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexander Kwarteng, Augustina Sylverken, Daniel Antwi-Berko, Samuel Terkper Ahuno, Samuel Opoku Asiedu
Summary: The burden of infectious disease in developing countries is high due to poor health care infrastructure and lack of public understanding. It is important to invest in immunology research and training programs and integrate them into the curriculum of natural sciences in developing countries.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcia McNutt, France A. Cordova, David B. Allison
Summary: The Strategic Council for Research Excellence, Integrity, and Trust has been established within the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to enhance the quality and trustworthiness of research across all domains. By aligning incentives and policies, adopting standard tools, and implementing proven methods, the Council aims to optimize research excellence and trust for the benefit of society.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Cheng-Lu Zhang, Qi-Wen Han, Nai-Hong Chen, Yu-He Yuan
Summary: Current treatments for Parkinson's disease mainly rely on dopaminergic drugs, which are symptomatic and have limitations due to side effects. Recent studies have focused on new molecular mechanisms and immunotherapy, as well as common pathological mechanisms shared with Alzheimer's Disease and diabetes.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Rocco Caferra, Annarita Colasante, Andrea Morone
Summary: This study highlights the importance of trust in promoting pro-social behavior and responsible energy consumption. Findings suggest that social and political trust positively influence people's propensity to reduce domestic energy consumption. The study recommends enhancing citizen-to-citizen and citizen-to-state interactions in government policies, rather than solely relying on taxation and subsidy approaches.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Amanda D. Barbosa, Michelle Long, Wenna Lee, Jill M. Austen, Mike Cunneen, Andrew Ratchford, Brian Burns, Prasad Kumarasinghe, Rym Ben-Othman, Tobias R. Kollmann, Cameron R. Stewart, Miles Beaman, Rhys Parry, Roy Hall, Ala Tabor, Justine O'Donovan, Helen M. Faddy, Marjorie Collins, Allen C. Cheng, John Stenos, Stephen Graves, Charlotte L. Oskam, Una M. Ryan, Peter J. Irwin
Summary: There is a lack of data about tick-related illnesses in Australia, especially the Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks (DSCATT). This research plan aims to investigate the causes, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of tick-associated disease in Australia, using prospective data collection, matched control groups, and integrative data analysis. The study includes laboratory analyses, such as metagenomics, to explore potential pathogen transmission during tick bites, as well as multi-omics technology to investigate links between immune responses and disease causations. Psychometric profiling will also be used to examine the influence of psychological attributes on symptom development. The research will contribute to a better understanding of tick-borne diseases and improve diagnostic outcomes and treatment for patients bitten by ticks in Australia.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Elisa Giacomelli, Bjorn F. Vahsen, Elizabeth L. Calder, Yinyan Xu, Jakub Scaber, Elizabeth Gray, Ruxandra Dafinca, Kevin Talbot, Lorenz Studer
Summary: This article evaluates the status of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as an example. It discusses the methods and challenges associated with deriving and using disease-relevant neuronal and glial lineages.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Thanuja Dharmadasa, Jakub Scaber, Evan Edmond, Rachael Marsden, Alexander Thompson, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: A minority of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are caused by genetic variants, making genetic testing important for diagnosis and treatment. However, indiscriminate use of genetic screening can lead to potential harm. Common hereditary cause of ALS, C9ORF72, may also be associated with dementia. All neurologists should have a basic understanding of genetic testing's role in ALS.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Lucy Farrimond, Kevin Talbot
Summary: This scientific commentary discusses the paper by Ezer et al. that investigates the infantile SOD1 deficiency syndrome caused by a homozygous SOD1 variant with a lack of enzyme activity.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jiali Gao, Thanuja Dharmadasa, Andrea Malaspina, Pamela J. Shaw, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner, Alexander G. Thompson
Summary: While elevated CK levels in ALS largely reflect lower motor neuron denervation, they are not independently associated with survival when measured during the symptomatic phase of the disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sneha Pandya, Pedro D. Maia, Benjamin Freeze, Ricarda A. L. Menke, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner, Ashish Raj
Summary: The study used a computational model to demonstrate a structural network-based regional pathological spread in ALS, with no simple relationship to the spatial distribution of ALS-related genes in the healthy brain. The OPTN gene was identified as a significant but weaker non-NDM contributor in the network-gene interaction model, with critical seed regions for spread within the model located in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and insula.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Burley, Dayne A. Beccano-Kelly, Kevin Talbot, Oscar Cordero Llana, Richard Wade-Martins
Summary: A study found that C9ORF72 gene expansion is associated with ALS, with immature C9-MNs exhibiting a hyperexcitable phenotype. However, this was found to be a transient phenomenon, with maturing C9-MNs showing normal electrophysiological activity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Thomas H. Julian, Emily Feneberg, J. Robin Highley, Maurice Sidra, Martin R. Turner, Kevin Talbot, Olaf Ansorge, Scott P. Allen, Tobias Moll, Tatyana Shelkovnikova, Lydia Castelli, Guillaume M. Hautbergue, Christopher Hewitt, Janine Kirby, Stephen B. Wharton, Richard J. Mead, Pamela J. Shaw
Summary: We describe a multi-generational pedigree of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with an autosomal dominant, fully penetrant mutation in the TDP-43 gene. The hallmark pathology of ALS is the mislocalization of TDP-43 and the formation of insoluble TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. While the lower motor neurons showed typical TDP-43 pathology, the motor cortex did not show classical TDP-43-positive inclusions. Despite reduced overall TDP-43 protein expression, the mutated allele was transcribed and translated in patient fibroblasts and motor cortex tissue. Furthermore, the motor cortex tissue carrying the mutation showed atypical TDP-43 protein species but not typical C-terminal fragments. Our findings suggest that the p.Y374X mutation is responsible for a monogenic, fully penetrant form of ALS and expands the molecular phenotypes associated with TDP-43 mutations and ALS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolyn A. Young, John Ealing, Christopher J. McDermott, Tim L. Williams, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Tahir Majeed, Kevin Talbot, Timothy Harrower, Christina Faull, Andrea Malaspina, Joe Annadale, Roger J. Mills, Alan Tennant
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the WHODAS 2.0 can provide interval level measurement of disability in ALS, allowing parametric analyses. The results showed that the WHODAS 2.0 can be used as a brief patient reported outcome measure to assess disability in ALS and can be used for surveillance of at risk populations.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Helena Chaytow, Emily Carroll, David Gordon, Yu-Ting Huang, Dinja van der Hoorn, Hannah Louise Smith, Thomas Becker, Catherina Gwynne Becker, Kiterie Maud Edwige Faller, Kevin Talbot, Thomas Henry Gillingwater
Summary: The study demonstrates that modulating the activity of the glycolysis enzyme PGK1 can improve motor neuron function in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Treatment with terazosin, which increases PGK1 activity, extends survival, improves motor phenotypes, and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death. This research provides a new potential approach for ALS therapy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
C. A. Young, J. Ealing, C. J. McDermott, T. L. Williams, A. Al-Chalabi, T. Majeed, K. Talbot, T. Harrower, C. Faull, A. Malaspina, J. Annadale, R. J. Mills, A. Tennant
Summary: This study reveals that the prevalence of depression in ALS patients is close to a quarter, with most patients belonging to a single trajectory group. Estimates based on screening for current depressive symptoms underestimate the actual prevalence of depression.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hugo M. De Oliveira, Arunachalam Soma, Mark R. Baker, Martin R. Turner, Kevin Talbot, Timothy L. Williams
Summary: There is considerable variation in the practice of genetic testing for patients with sporadic motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) and asymptomatic at-risk relatives in specialized care centers in the UK. Many healthcare professionals feel uncomfortable discussing genetic testing with MND/ALS patients and believe that routine genetic testing is not necessary for all patients with apparently sporadic disease. There are concerns regarding testing asymptomatic at-risk individuals and the majority view is that clinical genetics services should play a role in supporting genetic testing in MND/ALS, especially in asymptomatic individuals at risk of carrying pathogenic variants.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anna J. Kordala, Jessica Stoodley, Nina Ahlskog, Muhammad Hanifi, Antonio Garcia Guerra, Amarjit Bhomra, Wooi Fang Lim, Lyndsay M. Murray, Kevin Talbot, Suzan M. Hammond, Matthew J. A. Wood, Carlo Rinaldi
Summary: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an important genetic cause of infant mortality. The discovery of PRMT inhibitor MS023 shows promising potential for treating SMA and improving the disease phenotype, especially when combined with nusinersen. Further clinical investigation of PRMT inhibition as a standalone or add-on therapy for SMA is warranted.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eleni Christoforidou, Fabio A. Simoes, David Gordon, Kevin Talbot, Majid Hafezparast
Summary: This study examined the intracellular motor neuron pathology of mice with a combination of defective dynein and a TDP-43 mutation. The results showed upregulation of p62 and aggregation of TDP-43, partially recapitulating the human disease. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between dynein and TDP-43 and could be useful for further research on the TDP-43 pathology in ALS.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander G. Thompson, Rachael Marsden, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: Using routine health screening blood test data, this study found distinct pre-symptomatic biphasic blood cholesterol trajectories in individuals who later developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings suggest that metabolic alterations may occur prior to the onset of motor symptoms in this disease. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of monitoring blood cholesterol levels for early detection and potential preventative therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer C. Davies, Thanuja Dharmadasa, Alexander G. Thompson, Evan C. Edmond, Katie Yoganathan, Jiali Gao, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: A reliable biomarker for diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) across different clinical conditions is necessary. Neurofilament light chain levels are correlated with the progression of disability in ALS patients. Previous studies have only compared neurofilament light chain levels in ALS patients with healthy individuals or controls with diagnoses distinct from ALS. In this study, neurofilament light chain levels were measured in ALS patients referred to a specialized clinic, and it was found that neurofilament light chain levels can confirm ALS diagnosis but have limited ability to exclude alternative diagnoses. The current importance of neurofilament light chain is its potential use in stratifying ALS patients by disease activity and as a biomarker in therapeutic trials.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)