Article
Oncology
Shelly X. Bian, Dennis H. Chen, Eugene Lin
Summary: The standard treatment for anal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with better survival, but Black patients are less likely to receive it compared to White patients. Although Black patients had higher mortality than White patients in the nonstandard therapy group, this difference disappeared in the subset receiving standard therapy.
Article
Oncology
Fei Ye, Xiaoxia Han, Yonzhao Shao, Jingzhi Lo, Fengxia Zhang, Jinhua Wang, Jonathan Melamed, Fang-Ming Deng, Karen S. Sfanos, Angelo De Marzo, Guoping Ren, Dongwen Wang, David Zhang, Peng Lee
Summary: This study identifies differential expression of Aurora, Cyclin D1, and HNF-3a proteins between African American and Caucasian prostate cancer tissue. These proteins may be involved in different pathways leading to aggressive prostate cancer behavior in African American patients and could potentially serve as biomarkers for prostate cancer racial disparity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Maeve Kiely, Stefan Ambs
Summary: Men of African descent have a higher mortality rate from prostate cancer, which may be related to differences in disease biology and risk factor exposure. Inflammation and immune response are suggested to play a role in prostate cancer disparities, with potential for new intervention strategies. Targeting these immunogenic and inflammatory vulnerabilities could improve survival outcomes for African American men with prostate cancer.
Article
Oncology
Baoyi Zhang, Jianrong Li, Mabel Tang, Chao Cheng
Summary: A previous study found that racial disparities in prostate cancer fluctuated during 2004-2011 but substantially improved afterwards, while socioeconomic disparities consistently increased during 2004-2018. Efforts should be made to improve treatment plans for financially vulnerable patients and update treatment guidelines for prostate cancer.
Article
Oncology
Sylvie Muhimpundu, Rebecca Baqiyyah N. Conway, Shaneda Warren Andersen, Loren Lipworth, Mark D. Steinwandel, William J. Blot, Xiao-Ou Shu, Staci L. Sudenga
Summary: Liver cancer incidence is higher among African Americans compared to White Americans in the US, but the determinants of racial disparities in liver cancer incidence are unclear. This study found racial differences in both incidence rates and risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma among White and African Americans.
Article
Oncology
Wanqing Wen, Amy N. Luckenbaugh, Christina E. Bayley, David F. Pension, Xiao-Ou Shu
Summary: Examining racial disparities in prostate cancer survival among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American and Pacific Islander patients, the study found that education, median household income, and insurance status were the most significant factors contributing to the racial disparity. Adjustments for various clinical factors and factors related to access to care showed a decrease in survival disparity for Black patients and an increase for Asian American and Pacific Islander patients in comparison to White patients.
Article
Oncology
Dev Karan, Jo Wick, Seema Dubey, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Javed Siddiqui, Lakshmi P. Kunju, Kenneth A. Iczkowski, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Summary: This study investigated the differential levels of inflammatory chemokines in association with higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality in African American men. The results showed that African American men had significantly higher levels of CXCL2 and CXCL5, and lower levels of CCL23. CXCL5 was highly expressed in prostate tumor tissues, while CCL23 was mostly undetectable.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Richard S. Legro
Summary: The goal of this Views and Reviews is to address the issues of racism affecting our trainees and patients in reproductive medicine from the African American perspective and propose solutions. Key areas to be explored include the pipeline of providers, health disparities, and access to infertility treatment.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Farhad Islami, Jordan Baeker Bispo, Hyunjung Lee, Daniel Wiese, K. Robin Yabroff, Priti Bandi, Kirsten Sloan, Alpa V. Patel, Elvan C. Daniels, Arif H. Kamal, Carmen E. Guerra, William L. Dahut, Ahmedin Jemal
Summary: The American Cancer Society has published a report on cancer disparities in the United States, highlighting the significant variations in cancer occurrence and outcomes based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and geographic location. Black and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals face higher cancer mortality rates, and education level and residential area also contribute to these disparities. The report emphasizes the importance of addressing social determinants of health and implementing equitable policies and interventions to reduce cancer disparities.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Farhad Islami, Carmen E. Guerra, Adair Minihan, K. Robin Yabroff, Stacey A. Fedewa, Kirsten Sloan, Tracy L. Wiedt, Blake Thomson, Rebecca L. Siegel, Nigar Nargis, Robert A. Winn, Lisa Lacasse, Laura Makaroff, Elvan C. Daniels, Alpa Patel, William G. Cance, Ahmedin Jemal
Summary: This report provides comprehensive data on disparities in cancer occurrence, risk factors, and access to preventive measures and screening in the US. Policy recommendations are made to reduce these inequalities, emphasizing the need for broad implementation of evidence-based interventions to address social inequities and systemic racism.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo, Amod Sharma, Shashi Anand, Sarabjeet Kour Sudan, Seema Singh, Ajay Pratap Singh, Santanu Dasgupta
Summary: Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and race-associated health disparities are common and concerning. PSA-based screening is commonly used for early diagnosis, but it cannot distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer. Androgen or androgen receptor-targeted therapies are standard treatments, but resistance is common. Mitochondrial alterations are common in prostate cancer and affect tumor-supportive stromal remodeling. This article discusses the role of mitochondrial alterations in prostate cancer pathobiology, therapy resistance, and racial disparities, as well as their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ambria S. Moten, Alexander M. Fagenson, Henry A. Pitt, Kwan N. Lau
Summary: Analysis of data on patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between 2012 and 2016 revealed persistent racial disparities in the treatment and outcomes of the disease. While Asians were less likely to undergo transplant, they showed better survival rates after undergoing resection or ablation.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lulu Zhao, Penghui Niu, Dongbing Zhao, Yingtai Chen
Summary: This study found that racial factors independently influenced the overall survival prognosis of PGC patients in both China and the US, with Black (HR=1.376) and White (HR=1.262) ethnicities showing poorer survival compared to Chinese ethnicity. Even in the US subgroup, Chinese PGC patients demonstrated better prognosis in the same region.
Article
Oncology
Nikhil Kotha, Abhishek Kumar, Edmund M. Qiao, Alex S. Qian, Rohith S. Voora, Vinit Nalawade, A. Karim Kader, Rana R. McKay, Tyler F. Stewart, Brent S. Rose
Summary: The study suggests that African American patients with bladder cancer have inferior outcomes compared to White patients, but receiving medical care within an equal-access system can reduce disparities in stage at presentation and survival outcomes for African American patients.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Dany Habr, Roxanne Ferdinand
Summary: Racial/ethnic minority groups are disproportionately impacted by cancer but are underrepresented in clinical trials. Strategies are needed to ensure diversity in trials and properly interpret risk/benefit of emerging therapies.