Article
Agronomy
Manpreet Singh, Sukhbir Singh, Sanjit Deb, Glen Ritchie
Summary: Root modifications are important for crops to adapt to soil water deficit. This study evaluated the effects of deficit irrigation and biochar application on root growth, soil water depletion, and water productivity of sweet corn in the Texas High Plains. The results showed that 70% deficit irrigation increased root length density compared to full irrigation, but different irrigation treatments had no significant impact on yield. Both deficit irrigation treatments increased soil water depletion, with the highest depletion observed in the 40% deficit treatment. The 70% deficit treatment maintained similar yield and increased water productivity, while the 40% deficit treatment resulted in a decline in yield and water productivity in the second year. The application of hardwood biochar increased root length density without affecting soil water status and water productivity. More long-term studies are needed to further investigate the effects of biochar application.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Baoru Li, Xiying Zhang, Shigenori Morita, Nobuhito Sekiya, Hideki Araki, Huijie Gu, Jie Han, Yang Lu, Xiuwei Liu
Summary: Improving crop drought resistance is crucial for mitigating the impacts of drought stress on crop production worldwide. However, having deeper roots does not always correlate with higher drought resistance. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of deep roots would be beneficial for improving drought resistance.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Gaochao Cai, Mutez A. Ahmed, Mohanned Abdalla, Andrea Carminati
Summary: Soil drying is a limiting factor for global crop production, but the impact of water uptake across different soils, species, and root phenotypes is not well understood. This study proposes a hydraulic framework to investigate how soil and root hydraulic properties interact in water uptake. The findings show that soil drying leads to a rapid decrease in soil hydraulic conductance, and root phenotypes with low root hydraulic conductance, long roots, and/or long and dense root hairs can postpone soil limitation. This has important implications for crop water use efficiency.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Kamal Khadka, Mina Kaviani, Manish N. Raizada, Alireza Navabi
Summary: Nepal is experiencing increased early-season drought due to climate change. The introduction of reduced height alleles in wheat unintentionally reduced coleoptile length and growth plasticity in seedlings, making them less suitable for deep seeding. However, potential semi-dwarf wheat accessions with long and plastic coleoptiles suited for deep sowing have been identified, offering promise for breeding varieties resistant to early-season drought.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaofei Wang, Min Yang, Xiaodong Gao, Zhibo Zhang, Xianzhi Wang, Xining Zhao, Pute Wu
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between soil water and root distribution under different precipitation conditions on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that soil water content decreased significantly with decreasing precipitation, and the depth at which 50% of roots were present varied with precipitation levels. This study highlights the importance of assessing the long-term effects of revegetation on soil water consumption in water-limited ecosystems.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Zhijun Li, Haiyang Zou, Zhenlin Lai, Fucang Zhang, Junliang Fan
Summary: Understanding the spatial distributions and effects of soil water, temperature, and nutrients on maize growth and yield is important for optimizing drip fertigation regimes. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in arid northwestern China, with different irrigation levels and fertilization rates. The results showed that irrigation level affected soil water content, temperature, and nitrate nitrogen content, while fertilization rate influenced root length density. Grain yield, water use efficiency, and partial factor productivity were influenced by irrigation level and fertilization rate. The recommended drip fertigation regimes for spring maize in arid northwest China were determined.
Article
Agronomy
M. R. Shao, N. Jiang, M. Li, A. Howard, K. Lehner, J. L. Mullen, S. L. Gunn, J. K. McKay, C. N. Topp
Summary: The study utilized X-ray computed tomography to create accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and developed computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features, improving estimates of genetic contribution to root system architecture and detecting subtle changes in root distributions. The research demonstrated that root pulling force, associated with multiple 3D traits, can be used across various experimental contexts or in large genetic studies of root system architecture.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Siying Yan, Baisha Weng, Lanshu Jing, Wuxia Bi, Denghua Yan
Summary: The adaptability of crops reflects their ability to continue growing in changing environments. This study focused on the underground part of crops, specifically the root system, and analyzed its morphology and water absorption ability under different drought conditions. The results showed that the root system of maize adapts to drought by thinning and increasing fine roots, and the root water absorption decreases with increasing drought severity. This study provides valuable insights into the adaptive regulation mechanism of summer maize roots under drought conditions.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Rachid Razouk, Lahcen Hssaini, Mohamed Alghoum, Atman Adiba, Anas Hamdani
Summary: This study investigates the relationships between leaf traits and olive response to water stress, and identifies drought-tolerant varieties based on phenotypic markers. The results highlight the importance of leaf traits in drought tolerance screening.
Article
Agronomy
Guoqing Zhao, Yan Mu, Yanhui Wang, Li Wang
Summary: The study showed that different irrigation regimes can improve grain yield and water-use efficiency of winter wheat by enhancing root vigor and distribution. The use of magnetized and oxidized water in hydroponic and field experiments significantly increased root vigor and length density, leading to higher grain yield and water productivity of wheat.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Lei Shen, Xiuyuan Wang, Tingting Liu, Wenwen Wei, Shuai Zhang, Abdul Baess Keyhani, Luhua Li, Wei Zhang
Summary: The cause of yield increase in crop strip intercropping is often related to the boundary effect and the distribution of roots and nutrients in the below-ground. However, previous studies mainly focused on the above-ground part, neglecting the below-ground part. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution of roots, water, and NO3-N in the below-ground part of the border row in a maize and soybean strip intercropping system. The results showed that intercropping had significant effects on root distribution, soil water content, and soil NO3-N content, leading to increased maize yields but reduced soybean yields. Rating: 8 points.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Habtamu Demelash, Taye Tadesse, Temesgen Menamo, Ahadu Menzir
Summary: Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia, but its productivity is hindered by drought. This study assessed the genetic variability of 214 sorghum genotypes for root and shoot traits, finding that Ethiopian Biodiversity and ICRISAT genotypes displayed more genetic diversity in root system architecture traits. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient variations varied among traits, with broad sense heritability ranging from 40% to 94.18%. The findings can help identify promising genotypes with suitable root traits for potential breeding under specific environmental conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
John N. Ferguson, Samuel B. Fernandes, Brandon Monier, Nathan D. Miller, Dylan Allen, Anna Dmitrieva, Peter Schmuker, Roberto Lozano, Ravi Valluru, Edward S. Buckler, Michael A. Gore, Patrick J. Brown, Edgar P. Spalding, Andrew D. B. Leakey
Summary: This study addressed the association between water use efficiency and biomass production in sorghum through advanced methods, revealing key genes related to these traits and their complex genetic relationships.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jiaying Li, Peng Cui, Yanzhou Yin
Summary: Plant roots potentially affect slope stability by redistributing infiltrating water in soil unevenly. The relationship between preferential flow pathways and root characteristics is quantified, and the influence of fluid pressure difference, wall contact angle, and pore throat size on vapor-liquid interface movement is visually described. Findings provide insights into the depth of water infiltration and the physical mechanism of root system's effect on rainwater redistribution.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sadettin Celik
Summary: This study identified the genotypic responses of 93 cotton genotypes to drought and found drought-tolerant genotypes and commercial varieties with high drought tolerance means. These findings provide potential parent plants for developing drought-resistant cotton varieties.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rajesh Kumar Rai, Sandhya S. Kumar, Sourav Sen Gupta, Devraj J. Parasannanavar, Thekkumkara Surendran Nair Anish, Anamitra Barik, Rajeev Kumar Varshney, Hemalatha Rajkumar
Summary: This article reviews the current burden of anaemia in India and argues that existing strategies to mitigate it are inadequate. It proposes a threefold strategy, including conducting a nationwide survey to estimate the burden of anaemia, further research on the dosage of iron supplementation in food fortification programs, and restraint in introducing new anaemia control programs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ali Raza, Javaria Tabassum, Ali Zeeshan Fakhar, Rahat Sharif, Hua Chen, Chong Zhang, Luo Ju, Vasileios Fotopoulos, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Rakesh K. Singh, Weijian Zhuang, Rajeev K. Varshney
Summary: Climate change leads to various environmental stresses, including soil salinity, which negatively affects agricultural productivity. Plants respond to salinity stress by regulating ion homeostasis, inducing antioxidant defense systems, and producing phytohormones and osmoprotectants. Enhancing salt tolerance in plants is crucial for sustaining global agricultural productivity.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Vikas Kumar, R. K. Varshney
Summary: A polyethylene photonic crystal fiber is designed to monitor high concentration carbon disulfide with precision, showing a linearly increasing time delay difference in the range of 17% to 50% concentration. In the high concentration regime (>50%), the second mode loss increases up to around 30 dB for 100% ambient CS2 concentration. The proposed scheme has the potential to enhance high-precision gas monitoring devices.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chong Zhang, Yuting Chen, Lihui Wang, Lu Liu, Xin Zhong, Panpan Chu, Meijia Gao, Hua Chen, Tiecheng Cai, Faqian Xiong, Xiurong Zhang, Ali Raza, Rong-long Pan, Rajeev K. Varshney, Fengzhen Liu, Weijian Zhuang
Summary: We identified and analyzed AhPLCP genes in cultivated peanut and confirmed the involvement of AhRD21B in chilling tolerance through experiments. We found 52 AhPLCP genes and grouped them into eight subfamilies. The promoters of AhPLCP genes contained stress responsive elements. AhPLCP genes were generally constitutively expressed, and many genes showed cold responsiveness. Heterologous expression of AhRD21B significantly enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating cold-related genes. These findings provide important insights into the functions of AhPLCP genes in plant stress tolerance.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasir Sharif, Gandeka Mamadou, Qiang Yang, Tiecheng Cai, Yuhui Zhuang, Kun Chen, Ye Deng, Shahid Ali Khan, Niaz Ali, Chong Zhang, Ali Raza, Hua Chen, Rajeev K. Varshney, Weijian Zhuang
Summary: Peanut is an important food and feed crop that is affected by various stresses, and APYs play a crucial role in regulating cellular ATP levels under stress. In this study, we identified and characterized 17 APY homologs in peanut and studied their expression patterns and functional roles in different tissues and stress conditions. We found that the AhAPY2-1 gene showed abundant expression in the pericarp, and the functional characterization of AhAPY2-1 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis plants suggested its potential use in enhancing the defensive abilities of the pericarp. These findings highlight the importance of APYs as a future research subject for peanut and other crops.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Roopali Bhoite, Yong Han, Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya, Rajeev K. Varshney, Darshan Lal Sharma
Summary: Climate change affects the availability of resources, soil properties, and rainfall, which in turn affect soil physical and chemical properties. Soil constraints, such as acidity, salinity, sodicity, and dispersion, are major causes of wheat yield loss in arid and semiarid areas. Plants use adaptive strategies, including phenotypic plasticity, to cope with these constraints. Understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance and utilizing advanced genomic technologies can enhance plasticity traits and improve crop productivity on constrained soils in the face of climate change.
Article
Plant Sciences
Vanika Garg, Annapurna Chitikineni, Mamta Sharma, Raju Ghosh, Srinivasan Samineni, Rajeev K. Varshney, Himabindu Kudapa
Summary: Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of Fusarium wilt (FW) resistance in chickpea. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between resistant and susceptible genotypes under control and stress conditions. A considerable number of transcription factor encoding genes showed differential expression patterns, and several previously reported FW resistance-related genes were co-localized with the identified DEGs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pooja Sihag, Upendra Kumar, Vijeta Sagwal, Prexha Kapoor, Yogita Singh, Sheetal Mehla, Priyanka Balyan, Reazul Rouf Mir, Rajeev K. K. Varshney, Krishna Pal Singh, Om Parkash Dhankher
Summary: The grain-filling stage in wheat is highly susceptible to increasing temperature, resulting in reduced grain quality and yield. Through biochemical and gene expression analyses, we found that heat-tolerant wheat genotypes showed higher accumulation of osmolytes, including total soluble sugar, proline, and glycine betaine, compared to heat-sensitive genotypes. We also observed an increase in the expression of heat-responsive genes in flag leaves exposed to higher temperatures, indicating their involvement in heat stress tolerance. The highly differentially expressed genes in the heat-tolerant genotypes WH730 and WH1218 suggest their greater adaptability to heat stress compared to heat-sensitive genotypes.
Review
Plant Sciences
Ivica Djalovic, Sayanta Kundu, Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna, Ashwani Pareek, Ali Raza, Sneh L. Singla-Pareek, P. V. Vara Prasad, Rajeev K. Varshney
Summary: The global mean temperature is rapidly increasing due to anthropogenic practices, which leads to the emission of greenhouse gases. This temperature increase is predicted to reach 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. The warming climate adversely impacts crop production, particularly maize, by affecting biochemical, physiological, and metabolic processes, resulting in poor growth and reduced yield. Heat stress tolerance in crops is regulated by various environmental factors, including humidity, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture content, and solar radiation. Therefore, exploring genetic diversity in maize through landraces and wild accessions can help identify traits, genes, and QTLs that can enhance heat stress tolerance in elite cultivars.
Article
Plant Sciences
Vanika Garg, Aamir W. Khan, Kevin Fengler, Victor Llaca, Yuxuan Yuan, Tri D. Vuong, Charlotte Harris, Ting-Fung Chan, Hon Ming Lam, Rajeev K. Varshney, Henry T. Nguyen
Summary: Highly contiguous genome assemblies were generated for two economically important soybean cultivars, Williams 82 and Lee, using complementary genomics technologies and assembly algorithms. Centromeric and telomeric repeats were clearly annotated on all chromosomes of both cultivars. The complete reconstructions of several chromosomes without any gaps and the identification of protein-coding genes will greatly contribute to soybean research and improvement.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sejal Parmar, Pasupuleti Janila, Sunil S. Gangurde, Murali T. Variath, Vinay Sharma, Deekshitha Bomireddy, Surendra S. Manohar, Rajeev K. Varshney, Prashant Singam, Manish K. Pandey
Summary: This study identified genomic regions and candidate genes for high iron and zinc contents in groundnut through genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus analysis. The findings revealed that these candidate genes may play crucial roles in the accumulation of iron and zinc contents in groundnut seeds. The results of this study hold potential for further fine mapping and diagnostic marker development for high iron and zinc contents in groundnut.
Article
Plant Sciences
Cassandria G. Tay G. Fernandez, Philipp E. Bayer, Jakob Petereit, Rajeev Varshney, Jacqueline Batley, David Edwards
Summary: Many genome annotations contain false-positive gene models, which can lead to errors in phylogenetic and comparative studies. In this study, a method based on evolutionary conservation is proposed to predict gene models and identify potentially erroneous annotations. A set of 15,345 representative gene models from 12 legume assemblies is developed using this method, which can support genome annotations for other legumes.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shuang Zhang, Arindam Ghatak, Mitra Mohammad Bazargani, Hannes Kramml, Fujuan Zang, Ziva Ramsak, Shuang Gao, Kristina Gruden, Rajeev K. Varshney, Dong Jiang, Palak Chaturvedi, Wolfram Weckwerth
Summary: The nutritional value of wheat grains, particularly their protein and metabolite composition, is influenced by the grain-filling process in the endosperm. In this study, a cell type-specific proteome and metabolome inventory of developing wheat endosperm at different grain-filling stages was generated using laser microdissection combined with shotgun proteomics and metabolomics. The results showed differential expression of proteins and specific accumulation of transporters and enzymes involved in sugar conversion and starch biosynthesis between different cell types during grain development. The study also revealed contrasting activities of nitrogen assimilation pathways and a functional switch during grain development and grain-filling processes.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bhramar Dutta, Urmi Halder, Annapurna Chitikineni, Rajeev K. Varshney, Rajib Bandopadhyay
Summary: This study presents the first whole genome analysis of Salinicoccus roseus strain RF1H, revealing its metabolic functionalities, biofilm formation, resistance mechanisms, and adaptation strategies to climate change. The strain's unique genome content contributes to its adaptability and provides important sources of compounds with potential beneficial applications in pharmaceuticals.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pratisha Das, Niraj Agarwala, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Rajeev K. Varshney
Summary: Salinity stress has harmful effects on plant growth and development, but plants have cellular mechanisms to enhance tolerance against salinity stress. Noncoding transcripts, such as long noncoding RNAs, have recently been recognized as important molecules in regulating plant response during salinity stress.