Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yaru Sun, Bin Yu, Yan Liu, Fan Bai, Junbo Yan, Jun Wang, Fenglei Huang, Shuo Gao
Summary: This study presents a special synthetic process to create charring-foaming agent nanosheet (2d-CFA) which enhances the carbonization ability and fire safety of polylactic acid (PLA) composite when combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form intumescent flame retardant (IFR).
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jingjing Mu, Ru Zhou, Chang Liu, Teng Su
Summary: A series of novel intumescent flame retardants (IFR) based on melamine, neopentyl glycol, and aluminum diethylphosphinate were prepared and tested in LLDPE composites, showing improved flame retardancy properties. The addition of IFR/ZB led to an increased LOI value of 27%, achieving a V-0 rating in UL-94 tests. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the char residue amount increased, reducing the pyrolysis rate and fire hazard of the composites.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Chen, Xin-Ya Liu, Ting Wang, Lei He, Jin-Ni Deng, Zhi-Cheng Fu, Tian-Bao Zhao, Chang-Lin Xia, Zhi-hui Liu, Ming-Jun Chen
Summary: In this study, hydroxylated melamine (MOH) was synthesized and used as a charring and blowing agent in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to develop an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. The resulting APP/MOH system significantly improved the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, achieving a LOI value of 32.5% and reaching UL 94 V-0 standards. Compared to other flame retardant systems, such as APP/PER, the APP/MOH system exhibited lower peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Tonghui Yang, Yanpeng Wu, Yongchang Cheng, Tao Huang, Bin Yu, Meifang Zhu, Hao Yu
Summary: A novel linear triazine-based charring agent ETDPCs was successfully synthesized and combined with fire-retardant to fabricate intumescent flame-retardant PP composites with improved flame retardancy and thermal stability.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Linyuan Wang, Yue Wei, Hongbo Deng, Ruiqi Lyu, Jiajie Zhu, Yabing Yang
Summary: The study found that the addition of Pa-Ba to IFR can improve the flame retardancy of EP composites, leading to a reduction in the amount of IFR needed and expanding the application range of EP. The EP/14IFR/2Ba composite showed the highest LOI value and a significant decrease in PHRR compared to pure EP, indicating better carbonization quality.
Article
Thermodynamics
Weihong Chai, Xinying Su, Yurou Xia, Chenchen Liao, Meihuan Gao, Yingge Li, Zaihang Zheng
Summary: A modified melamine polyphosphate (H-Ni@MPP) was successfully obtained by introducing Ni2+ and silicon resin, and expandable graphite (EG) was used to enhance the flame-retardant ability of silicone rubber (SR). The highest flame retardancy of SR/H-Ni@MPP/EG composites was achieved at a loading of 40 phr, and the water resistance of SR composites was also improved after water treatment.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ya Xu, Ru Zhou, Jingjing Mu, Yanming Ding, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: This study demonstrates that surface modification of aluminum diethylphosphinate, combined with mixed intumescent flame retardants and zinc borate, can significantly improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performances of linear low-density polyethylene.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Fuhua Lin, Mi Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Shuangdan Mao, Yinghui Wei
Summary: This study aims to enhance the flame retardancy performance of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) by incorporating intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and diatoms into the HIPS matrix. The results show that the IFR/diatoms system exhibits high flame retardant efficiency and catalytic carbonization effect, reducing heat release and smoke generation while improving tensile and impact strength.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mengwei Tao, Wei Tang, Lijun Qian, Jingyu Wang, Wang Xi, Bo Xu, Yong Qiu
Summary: A novel intumescent flame retardant with ternary block copolymer style was developed, which not only enhanced flame retardant efficiency but also improved the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Yang, Xiang Dong, Shi-bin Nie, Ji-nian Yang, Xiang-feng Zhang, Xue-qiang Wu, Cheng-ye Fang, Hai-lin Su
Summary: Efficient and hydrophobic modificated ammonium polyphosphate (M-APP) and charring agent (M-CA) were prepared using sol-gel method for the preparation of water-resistant and flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The results showed improved flame retardancy and reduced heat and smoke release in the PP composites. Additionally, the PP composite with M-APP/M-CA = 3:1 exhibited excellent water resistance even after soaking in 70 degrees water for 168 hours.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Yan Zhang, Fenglong Lin, Yincai Wu, Shenglong Wang, Ziteng Liu, Lijun Song
Summary: In this study, cerium based DOPO derivative (Ce@DDP) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and its effects on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The results showed that when adding 17 wt% of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) and 1 wt% of Ce@DDP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of the resulting PP composite were reduced by 62.0% and 42.3%, respectively. Furthermore, Ce@DDP significantly improved the thermal stability and char formation ability of PP/IFR.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuanyuan Zhan, Bihe Yuan, Sheng Shang
Summary: The possibility of using layered melamine-phytate (MEL-PA) as a synergist for intumescent flame retardant (IFR) is explored. The study shows that MEL-PA can effectively improve the flammability and fire-retardant performance of polypropylene (PP) composites.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhengyi Wang, Wei Wu, Wenjing Zhang, Xinzhu Xu, Hongchen Lin, Wei Wang
Summary: An intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was developed using a benzene-rich triazine-based hyperbranched charring agent (CDS) and aluminum diethlyphosphinate (AlPi) to improve the flame resistance of thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPEE). The experiment showed that the integration of 20 wt% IFR (AlPi:CDS = 3:1) into the TPEE matrix achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.2% and V-0 rating in vertical combustion (UL-94). The resulting TPEE composite exhibited a dense, continuous char layer containing triazine rings and aromatic ring structures after burning.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yang Zhi, Xi Wang, Lijun Qian, Qiu Yong, Jingyu Wang, Yajun Chen, Tang Wei
Summary: Phosphaphenanthrene derivate molecule (DT) was synthesized and its flame retardant effect in polyurethane foam rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) was explored by combining micro-expanded graphite (MEG) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in different ways. The results showed that the intercalated DT-MEG system had better properties compared to the DT blended MEG system. The DT-MEG/DMMP compound flame retardant system exhibited excellent synergistic flame retardant effects in both the gas and condensed phases, by adsorption charring flame retardant effects and reducing combustion intensity.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zheng Yang, Xueting Chen, Shike Lu, Zhenhua Wang, Jiantong Li, Baoying Liu, Xiaomin Fang, Tao Ding, Yuanqing Xu
Summary: The ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by a titanate coupling agent to form a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR) when compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME). CaCO3 was used as a synergist with Ti-IFR to modify polyoxymethylene (POM). The flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed, and it was found that Ti-IFR enhanced the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 strengthened the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When used together, they exhibited excellent synergistic effect.
