Review
Immunology
Wen Yu, Shu Wang, Yangyang Wang, Hui Chen, Hao Nie, Lian Liu, Xiaoting Zou, Quan Gong, Bing Zheng
Summary: Macrophages play important roles in liver fibrosis by triggering inflammation and activating hepatic stellate cells. MicroRNAs have unique regulatory roles in macrophage activation, polarization, tissue infiltration, and inflammation regression. Understanding the heterogeneity of hepatic macrophages and the role of miRNAs in macrophage polarization provides valuable insights for further research and the development of new therapies for liver fibrosis targeting miRNAs and macrophage subsets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Logon, Gabriela Swirkosz, Monika Nowak, Martyna Wrzesniewska, Aleksandra Szczygiel, Krzysztof Gomulka
Summary: The role of the microbiome in asthma pathology and treatment is significant, as highlighted in this article. The interplay between asthma and the microbiome is complex, and further research is needed to clarify the factors that moderate this relationship. The pre-treatment bronchial microbiome in asthmatic patients influences their response to treatment. The gut microbiota and its dysbiosis can contribute to immune system modulation and the development of asthma. An appropriate gut microbiome and its intestinal metabolites are protective factors for asthma development. Prebiotics and specific dietary strategies may have prophylactic or therapeutic effects, but further research is needed for definitive conclusions. While evidence regarding probiotics is inconclusive, recent studies have shown promising effects. Future studies should focus on investigating specific strains and examining their mechanisms and genetic aspects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhili Dong, Liping Wu, Hong Hong
Summary: Oral inflammatory diseases (OIDs) are common diseases that can pose a threat to oral and overall health if not properly treated. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development and progression of OIDs. Therefore, exploring therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is important for oral-related research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yiwen Liu, Yan Gong, Gaosi Xu
Summary: Although the multiple hits theory is widely accepted in IgA nephropathy, increasing evidence suggests that the mononuclear/macrophage system plays important roles in disease progression, but the exact mechanism is unclear.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Ulf Andersson
Summary: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a subtype of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) diseases, with impaired granule-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes contributing to its pathogenesis, particularly through the promotion of proinflammatory lytic cell death.
Review
Immunology
Tingfen Ji, Hequan Li
Summary: Significant progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. The disease is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and cytokines in Type-2-high asthma. The involvement of various Th cells and cytokines in asthma pathogenesis necessitates precision medicine for better treatment response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Sklepkiewicz, Barbara Dymek, Michal Mlacki, Agnieszka Zagozdzon, Magdalena Salamon, Anna Maria Siwinska, Marcin Piotr Mazurkiewicz, Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa, Marzena Mazur, Thais Mauad, Adam Golebiowski, Karolina Dzwonek, Jakub Golab, Zbigniew Zaslona
Summary: Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is an enzyme that regulates macrophages and their role in asthma development was investigated. The expression of CHIT1 was examined in lung tissues of individuals with severe, uncontrolled, steroid-naive asthma, and a chitinase inhibitor called OATD-01 was tested in a mouse model of chronic asthma. The results showed that inhibiting CHIT1 had beneficial effects, reducing inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuanqiong He, Yijie Fu, Yuqi Wu, Tianmin Zhu, Hui Li
Summary: This article discusses the potential contribution of sinonasal epithelium dysfunction to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis and explores current and developing therapeutic options targeting the sinonasal epithelium. Results indicate that impaired mucociliary clearance and an abnormal sinonasal epithelial barrier are usually considered to be the main causative factors in CRS. Moreover, existing treatment options can help relieve the main symptoms associated with CRS to some extent.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Binaya Wasti, Shao-Kun Liu, Xu-Dong Xiang
Summary: Asthma is a complex disease with heterogeneity in various aspects, and its natural history, progression, pathogenesis, and phenotypic diversity remain largely unknown. In addition to genetics, epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in asthma, offering novel approaches for research and potential therapeutic avenues.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tian-Liang Ma, Peng Zhu, Zhuo-Ran Ke, Jing-Xian Chen, Yi-He Hu, Jie Xie
Summary: Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by decreased bone density and deteriorated microstructure, which increase the risk of fractures. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption leads to the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. The roles of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages in bone remodeling are essential for maintaining the balance of the OB-OC-M phi axis. MicroRNA-23a (miR-23a) plays a crucial role in regulating this axis, and its high expression in osteoporosis inhibits osteogenesis, promotes bone resorption, and induces macrophage inflammatory polarization, ultimately contributing to the development of osteoporosis. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of miR-23a in regulating the OB-OC-M phi axis, providing new clinical strategies for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Matucci, Susanna Bormioli, Francesca Nencini, Fabio Chiccoli, Emanuele Vivarelli, Enrico Maggi, Alessandra Vultaggio
Summary: The study explores whether patients with severe asthma and rhinosinusitis can achieve effective control of asthma and sinonasal symptoms with biological therapy. The correct definition of different endotypes and varying patient responses are crucial factors to consider when managing these comorbidities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Mangum, Katherine Gallagher, Frank M. Davis
Summary: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease with a lack of pharmaceutical treatment options. Previous studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play a crucial regulatory role in the development of AAA. This review discusses the roles and significance of epigenetic modifications in AAA animal models and their relevance to human pathology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao-Yi Wu, Huang-Yu Yang, Jing-Long Huang, Jenn-Haung Lai
Summary: Monocytes and macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), with their activation being linked to inflammation regulation and tissue repair mechanisms in the disease process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiali Liu, Huasheng Zhang, Huiqiang Ma, Jiameng Gong, Kaifeng Huang, Lu Wang, Yuting Ji, Liya Sun, Xiaoyu Wang, Li Li, Lei Shen, Shan-Yu Fung, Hong Yang
Summary: Asthma is a complex respiratory disease categorized into eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma. While glucocorticoid therapy is effective for eosinophilic asthma, there is no effective treatment for neutrophilic asthma. Studies have shown the involvement of M1 macrophages in the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Amanda Thomson, Catharien M. U. Hilkens
Summary: Effective treatment of osteoarthritis remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of patients and the involvement of inflammation and macrophages in disease progression. Understanding the role of macrophages may lead to improved treatments for OA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Prabuddha S. Pathinayake, David W. Waters, Kristy S. Nichol, Alexandra C. Brown, Andrew T. Reid, Alan Chen-Yu Hsu, Jay C. Horvat, Lisa G. Wood, Katherine J. Baines, Jodie L. Simpson, Peter G. Gibson, Philip M. Hansbro, Peter A. B. Wark
Summary: Research demonstrates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are associated with disease severity and inflammatory phenotype in asthma.
Editorial Material
Allergy
Paul S. Foster, Jessica L. Barnes, Hock L. Tay, Peter G. Gibson
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Hajar Ali, Collin Brooks, Yu-Chieh Tzeng, Julian Crane, Richard Beasley, Peter Gibson, Philip Pattemore, Thorsten Stanley, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes
Summary: This study found that autonomic nervous system activity is not associated with pathophysiology or inflammatory phenotype in young asthmatics with generally well-controlled asthma. However, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity can be detected in asthmatics with airway hyperreactivity or who use beta-agonist medication.
Review
Respiratory System
Rebecca F. McLoughlin, Vanessa L. Clark, Paola D. Urroz, Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa M. McDonald
Summary: Physical inactivity is common in severe asthma and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that interventions such as aerobic and resistance training and pedometer-based interventions can effectively increase physical activity in adults with severe asthma, leading to improved asthma control and health-related quality of life.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Ian D. Pavord, Peter J. Barnes, Catherine Lemiere, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Optimizing asthma diagnosis is crucial for reducing the burden of asthma globally. A compound diagnostic approach and label are now required due to the complexity and heterogeneity of different forms of asthma. By recognizing typical symptoms and abnormal physiology, asthma can be identified, and further features such as eosinophilic or type 2 inflammation can be used to give a compound diagnostic label of eosinophilic asthma, which provides important information about future exacerbation risk and treatment responsiveness. Implementing treatable traits and using targeted assessment allows for a specific treatment plan based on a pragmatic and iterative process. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023;11:1-8)
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Vanessa E. Murphy, Annelies L. Robijn, Tommy B. Metcalfe, Thomas K. Wright, Peter G. Gibson, Kirsten McCaffery, Megan E. Jensen
Summary: This study investigated beliefs about medicines in pregnant women with asthma and their association with adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The findings showed that ICS users were more likely to perceive that the benefits of medication use outweighed any risks, while non-adherence was not associated with having relatively more concerns about asthma medicines.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. G. Gibson
Article
Respiratory System
Eleanor C. Majellano, Rose L. Bell, Anthony W. Flynn, Anne Mckenzie, Sundram Sivamalai, Michele Goldman, Lauren Vaughan, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Through an online survey and consensus workshops, this study identified 10 priority research themes for asthma that reflect the needs of end-users. These findings can help bridge the gap between research priorities and the needs of people living with asthma.
Review
Respiratory System
Paul Leong, Peter G. Gibson, Anne E. Vertigan, Mark Hew, Vanessa M. McDonald, Philip G. Bardin
Summary: This article summarizes the discussions and recommendations of an international roundtable conference on VCD/ILO. The conference aimed to improve the consistency in diagnosis, understanding of pathogenesis, current management, and research questions for VCD/ILO. The participants highlighted the need for clear diagnostic criteria and exploration of new diagnostic technologies. The complex pathogenesis of the disease and the lack of evidence-based treatment standards were also discussed, along with the importance of multidisciplinary care models and patient perspectives.
Article
Respiratory System
Vanessa M. Mcdonald, Gregory Archbold, Tesfalidet Beyene, Bronwyn K. Brew, Peter Franklin, Peter G. Gibson, John Harrington, Philip M. Hansbro, Fay H. Johnston, Paul D. Robinson, Michael Sutherland, Deborah Yates, Graeme R. Zosky, Michael J. Abramson
Summary: Landscape fires are becoming more frequent and severe worldwide, causing a significant health and socioeconomic burden, especially in Australia. People with asthma are especially susceptible to the effects of landscape fire smoke (LFS) exposure. This position statement highlights the impact of LFS on individuals with asthma, particularly vulnerable groups, and provides guidance on asthma management, smoke mitigation strategies, and access to air quality information during periods of LFS.
Review
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa M. McDonald, Dennis Thomas
Summary: The landscape of asthma has changed significantly in the last decade with the development of effective medications and inhaler devices. However, the proportion of uncontrolled patients remains high, primarily due to factors such as inappropriate use of medications, disease heterogeneity, and other contributing factors. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with or without long-acting beta agonists (LABA) are currently the mainstay of asthma management. The future of asthma treatment will involve personalized medications and smart inhalers to improve adherence, inhaler technique, and polypharmacy. Precision medicine approaches, such as treatable traits (TTs), aim to identify and manage specific clinically important factors to optimize treatment. Research and validation of TTs in different clinical settings and populations are ongoing. Combination inhaler therapy and the TTs approach are complementary treatment strategies.
Review
Respiratory System
Hayley Lewthwaite, Anthony Byrne, Bruce Brew, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Long COVID is a new and complex chronic health condition experienced by one in eight adults following acute COVID-19. 'Treatable Traits' is a personalized medicine approach that can address the complexity and heterogeneity of this condition, by identifying and targeting the most prevalent treatable traits associated with long COVID. Current evidence supports exercise training or respiratory muscle training for long COVID treatable traits in the chest and functional limitation clusters, but further high-quality research is needed for other treatable traits.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson
Editorial Material
Allergy
Paola D. Urroz Guerrero, Peter G. Gibson
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
