Article
Energy & Fuels
Junheng Liu, Pengcheng Wu, Ping Sun, Qian Ji, Qi Zhang, Pan Wang
Summary: Addition of Fe-FBC can advance combustion, decrease emissions of soot and other pollutants, lower levels of HC, CO, and soot emissions, as well as reduce the types and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christopher C. Ogbunuzor, Paul R. Hellier, Midhat Talibi, Nicos Ladommatos
Summary: This study analyzed the formation and adsorption mechanisms of PAHs in the combustion process of diesel engines, finding that gas-phase PAHs were more abundant than soot-bound PAHs in the engine cylinder. Levels of PM and in-cylinder PAHs varied significantly during different combustion phases.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yifeng Wang, Yuan Zhuang, Minfa Yao, Yanzhou Qin, Zhunqin Zheng
Summary: Engine experiments were conducted to study the impact of early injection on smoke emissions and performance, and the influence of EGR, intake pressure, fuel properties and injection strategy on soot emissions at early timings was assessed. The morphology and nanostructure characteristics of exhaust soot particles were also analyzed. The findings showed that using fuels with high volatilities and a RCCI fuel delivery strategy can effectively reduce soot emissions at early injection timings.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhikun Cao, Han Wu, Ruina Zhao, Haohan Wang, Zhicheng Shi, Guixian Zhang, Xiangrong Li
Summary: The combustion of wall-impinging diesel spray of heavy-duty diesel engines under cold-start conditions leads to an increase in soot emissions. The soot mainly accumulates in the spray interaction zone and specific regions of the combustion chamber, and increasing the mass of starting fuel further enhances soot generation and hinders its complete oxidation.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiang Rao, Chenxing Sheng, Zhiwei Guo, Xuecheng Zhang, Huabing Yin, Chang Xu, Chengqing Yuan
Summary: This study focused on the performance impact of different surface textures on diesel CLPR under hot engine conditions, finding that appropriate surface texture (e.g., a 3 mm wide grooved texture) significantly affected the comprehensive performance of the diesel engine. These findings contribute to understanding the interaction between surface textures and diesel engine performance under various conditions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
G. Zamboni, M. Capobianco
Summary: The study identified that a 40% blend of UCOME with conventional diesel led to the highest brake thermal efficiency, reduced NOX emissions, and advantageous combustion parameters. Increasing biodiesel content resulted in lower soot emissions and unaffected combustion stability.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Harish Venu, V. Dhana Raju, S. Lingesan, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
Summary: The research shows that adding 20 ppm alumina nano additive in ternary fuel blend can enhance engine performance and combustion efficiency, while reducing exhaust emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chunhua Zhang, Zheng Jing, Panpan Cai, Yangyang Li, Hongjie Sun, Wuyi Huang, Jiale Jing, Hanwen Wang, Xiaowen Yu
Summary: This study compares the combustion and emission characteristics of petroleum diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and blended diesel in a heavy-duty engine. The results show that adding gasoline to diesel can improve fuel efficiency and reduce the concentration and size of ultrafine particles. However, it also leads to increased emissions of other pollutants at high loads. Additionally, the addition of PODE can improve the ultrafine particles at high loads.
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Zhang, Zhaohui Chen, Qiwang Duan, Qianyu Jiang
Summary: By combining visual steady flow testing and CFD simulation methods, this paper aims to study the characteristics of flow fields near curved surfaces such as cylinder walls and combustion chambers. The results show that swirl ratio and airflow movement have significant effects on the quality of the air-fuel mixture and combustion efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. M. Auti, W. S. Rathod
Summary: Recycling waste tyre through pyrolysis process to yield oil is beneficial due to its higher calorific value. Blending tyre pyrolysis oil with karanja biodiesel produces superior performance and combustion, although emission limits the use of some blends. TP10KB20 blend shows superior characteristics compared to diesel and other blends in terms of performance, combustion, and emissions.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jianbin Luo, Haiguo Zhang, Zhonghang Liu, Zhiqing Zhang, Yajuan Pan, Xiguang Liang, Shizhuo Wu, Hongxiang Xu, Song Xu, Chunmei Jiang
Summary: With the global emphasis on environmental protection and carbon neutrality, there is a need for reductions in pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter. Diesel engines are a major contributor to particulate matter pollution, and diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has proven to be effective in controlling soot. This review discusses the exacerbating effect of particulate matter on human infectious diseases, the latest developments in DPF performance, soot catalytic oxidant schemes, and areas for future research.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. Jatoth, S. K. Gugulothu, R. K. S. Gadepalli, B. Burra, S. Rafiuzzama
Summary: This study numerically analyzed the behavior and distribution of soot particles generated during combustion in the engine cylinder, revealing that soot particles smaller than 50 nm are mainly located in the squish area, which has a significant impact on engine performance and emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kim Cuong Le, Christophe Lefumeux, Thomas Pino
Summary: In this study, online spontaneous Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the soot formation and growth process in a low pressure premixed ethylene/oxygen flame. The research revealed the presence of abundant sp hybridized carbon chain components and polycyclic aromatic components in aerosol soot particles, with the carbon chains being affected by deposition and changes in pressure. By monitoring the Raman spectra of aerosol soot at different heights above the burner, the role of unsaturated carbon chains in the chemical condensation scenario was highlighted.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Anh Tuan Hoang, Inbanaathan Papla Venugopal, Arunprasad Shanmugam, Jianbing Gao, Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian
Summary: With the increasing global concern on diesel engine exhaust emissions, biofuels serve as a better alternative for compression ignition engines, but may lead to increased nitrogen oxide emissions which are harmful to human health. Research found that B20 blend fuel is the most effective in reducing emissions, particularly with a maximum reduction of unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke, and carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates can effectively reduce NOx emissions but may result in higher emissions of other pollutants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Diming Lou, Yajuan Chen, Yunhua Zhang, Kunyou Jue, Piqiang Tan, Zhiyuan Hu, Liang Fang
Summary: In this study, a self-defined transient cycle is used for the soot loading test and combined with 1D simulations to reveal the temperature and pressure characteristics of Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) during the soot loading and regeneration process. The results show that the initial soot loading amount and exhaust flow rate have a significant effect on the pressure drop of CDPF. The soot combustion process can be divided into two stages based on the soot oxidation speed.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Christina Andersen, Yuliya Omelekhina, Berit Brondum Rasmussen, Mette Nygaard Bennekov, Soren Nielsen Skov, Morten Kocks, Kai Wang, Bo Strandberg, Fredrik Mattsson, Merete Bilde, Marianne Glasius, Joakim Pagels, Aneta Wierzbicka
Summary: The study found that burning candles release pollutants to indoor air, posing potential health risks. Different wax and wick compositions influence emissions of particles and gases during stressed burning. Preventing stressed burning of candles can reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants.
Article
Toxicology
Louise Gren, Katrin Dierschke, Fredrik Mattsson, Eva Assarsson, Annette M. Krais, Monica Karedal, Karin Loven, Jakob Londahl, Joakim Pagels, Bo Strandberg, Martin Tuner, Yiyi Xu, Per Wollmer, Maria Albin, Jorn Nielsen, Anders Gudmundsson, Aneta Wierzbicka
Summary: This study investigated the health effects of exposure to renewable diesel exhaust. The results showed that exposure to HVO exhaust can lead to an increase in self-reported irritation symptoms and a slight decrease in nasal patency.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Leo Stockfelt, Yiyi Xu, Anders Gudmundsson, Jenny Rissler, Christina Isaxon, Jonas Brunskog, Joakim Pagels, Patrik T. Nilsson, Margareta Berglund, Lars Barregard, Mats Bohgard, Maria Albin, Inger Hagerman, Aneta Wierzbicka
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of diesel exhaust particles and traffic noise on the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular risk. The results showed that exposure to diesel exhaust was associated with decreased HRV, indicating activation of autonomic reflexes that may contribute to the cardiovascular risks of diesel exposure. There was no effect on endothelial dysfunction or arterial stiffness after exposure.
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Louise Gren, Annette M. Krais, Eva Assarsson, Karin Broberg, Malin Engfeldt, Christian Lindh, Bo Strandberg, Joakim Pagels, Maria Hedmer
Summary: This study investigated the effects of diesel exhaust and the use of renewable fuels on underground iron ore miners' personal exposure. The findings showed that the miners' exposures to carbon elemental and nitrogen dioxide were lower, possibly due to intensified emission legislation and new technologies. However, the exposure to semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was not affected, and ambient air sampling was not a reliable predictor of personal airborne exposure to these compounds.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Hedmer, Karin Loven, Johan Martinsson, Maria E. Messing, Anders Gudmundsson, Joakim Pagels
Summary: This study aimed to investigate emissions and exposures of CNTs during CNT composite production, sawing, and shear testing, as well as to explore the use of a portable aethalometer for monitoring occupational exposure to CNTs. The results showed that open handling of CNT powder generated the highest particle emissions and exposures. Surface contamination of CNTs was also found in the facility.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. K. Nojgaard, L. Peker, J. B. Pernov, M. S. Johnson, R. Bossi, A. Massling, R. Lange, I. E. Nielsen, A. S. H. Prevot, A. C. Eriksson, F. Canonaco, H. Skov
Summary: This study characterized the chemical composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) at the Villum Research Station in North Greenland. The results showed that sulfate and organic species were the dominant components, with organic aerosol mainly originating from hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and oxidized organic aerosol (OOA). Additionally, a marine organic aerosol (MOA) of biogenic origin was identified, which was not only formed near Villum but also in the vicinity of the measurement site. Changes in transport patterns and sea ice conditions may influence the sources of MOA. Hence, further investigation into the ocean-atmosphere interactions and transport patterns on aerosol concentrations is crucial.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Per Samuelsson, Axel Eriksson, Zhongshan Li, Knut Deppert
Summary: In this work, a simple and non-intrusive method to determine the composition of a binary AuAg nanoparticle aerosol online using the optical emission from electrical discharges is presented. Machine learning models trained on optical spectra datasets were able to accurately predict the nanoparticle stoichiometry, demonstrating the robustness of the method.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Axel Eriksson, Asmamaw Abera, Ebba Malmqvist, Christina Isaxon
Summary: Household burning of solid biomass fuels, especially in low-income countries, emits pollution particles that pose a significant health risk. Laboratory studies on solid biomass fuels can improve exposure assessments. Different biomass fuels have different chemical compositions of emitted particulate matter, which should be considered in toxicological studies and source apportionment.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Aneta Wierzbicka, Yuliya Omelekhina, Anne Thoustrup Saber, Erica Bloom, Louise Gren, Sarah Sos Poulsen, Bo Strandberg, Joakim Pagels, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
Summary: This study aimed to compare the relative toxicity and physicochemical properties of indoor and outdoor PM2.5. The results showed that indoor PM2.5 had higher relative concentrations of metals, PAHs, and endotoxins compared to outdoor PM2.5, leading to significantly higher lung inflammation and acute-phase response. However, neither indoor nor outdoor PM2.5 caused genotoxicity.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jenny Rissler, Calle Preger, Axel C. Eriksson, Jack J. Lin, Nonne L. Prisle, Birgitta Svenningsson
Summary: Sea salt aerosol particles are abundant in the atmosphere and have significant impacts on global radiative balance. However, laboratory studies on these particles often neglect the losses of solutes to the gas phase, which can lead to misinterpretation of data and errors in air quality or climate models predictions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erik Ahlberg, Stina Ausmeel, Lovisa Nilsson, Marten Spanne, Julija Pauraite, Jacob Kleno Nojgaard, Michele Berto, Henrik Skov, Pontus Roldin, Adam Kristensson, Erik Swietlicki, Axel Eriksson
Summary: This study investigates the impact of soot, or black carbon (BC), aerosol on climate and health in southern Sweden. Results show that local traffic emissions are the primary driver of the differences in BC concentrations between urban and rural areas. In addition, fresh traffic emissions contribute to smaller and less coated BC particles in the urban area, while aged, internally mixed aerosol dominates in the rural area.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sara M. Franzen, Linnea Jonsson, Pau Ternero, Monica Karedal, Axel C. Eriksson, Sara Blomberg, Julia-Maria Hubner, Maria E. Messing
Summary: This study investigates the compositional tuning of Pd-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles using the spark ablation method, demonstrating the ability to tailor the chemical composition within a wide range. The comprehensive analyses provide insights into the formation and structure of bimetallic nanoparticles, paving the way for the development of efficient and affordable catalysts.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kimmo Korhonen, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, John Falk, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Axel Eriksson, Louise Gren, Maja Novakovic, Sam Shamun, Panu Karjalainen, Lassi Markkula, Joakim Pagels, Birgitta Svenningsson, Martin Tuner, Mika Komppula, Ari Laaksonen, Annele Virtanen
Summary: This study investigated the ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine using three different fuels. The results showed that the emissions contained no significant concentrations of ice-nucleating particles that are relevant to the atmosphere. The substitution of fossil diesel with renewable fuels and the use of different emission aftertreatment systems had only minor effects on their ice-nucleating abilities.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Erin Flanagan, Kristoffer Mattisson, John Walles, Asmamaw Abera, Axel Eriksson, Festina Balidemaj, Anna Oudin, Christina Isaxon, Ebba Malmqvist
Summary: This study in Ethiopia found environmental injustice where women with lower SES experienced higher levels of air pollution exposure and had less access to urban green spaces in Adama.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE CITIES
(2021)