Article
Water Resources
Calistus C. Okudo, Nwachukwu R. Ekere, Chukwuma O. B. Okoye
Summary: The quality of non-roof harvested rainwater in Enugu industrial layouts was studied based on physicochemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals. The results indicated that some of the metal concentrations exceeded the standards set by the World Health Organization and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality. These toxic and persistent metals have the potential to bioaccumulate. Therefore, treatment and awareness on the harvest and use of rainwater are crucial.
APPLIED WATER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Briana Mwinkom Tengan, Osei Akoto
Summary: The study evaluated heavy metal concentration and health risks in roof runoffs, finding that the rainwater from the four roofing materials is unsuitable for drinking and negatively impacts water quality.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jian Mao, Boyu Xia, Yun Zhou, Fan Bi, Xiaodong Zhang, Wei Zhang, Siqing Xia
Summary: The quality of harvested rainwater is influenced by weather conditions and roofing materials, with ceramic tiles being the most suitable material for roof rainwater harvesting. Asphalts should be avoided for rainwater harvesting due to poor water quality.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jian Mao, Boyu Xia, Yun Zhou, Fan Bi, Xiaodong Zhang, Wei Zhang, Siqing Xia
Summary: Harvested rainwater from different roofing materials and meteorological conditions was compared in this study, showing that ceramic tile was the most ideal material for roof rainwater harvesting due to its high-quality recycled water. Asphalt, on the other hand, was found to have the worst recycled water quality and was not recommended for rainwater harvesting. Weather patterns, especially rainfall, had a significant influence on water quality parameters, with antecedent dry days playing a role in the water quality of first-flush tanks for asphalt roofs. This study suggests that investing in roof rainwater harvesting systems with large catchment areas may be financially beneficial in the long run.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sajeeve Latif, Mohammad A. Alim, Ataur Rahman, Md Mahmudul Haque
Summary: The supply of safe drinking water to rural communities is challenging due to contamination risks and the lack of treatment facilities. Rainwater harvesting is increasingly used, but untreated rainwater may have health impacts. Chlorination could be an option for treating rainwater at a domestic level, but limitations need to be addressed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bakht Rawan, Waheed Ullah, Rafi Ullah, Tahir Ali Akbar, Zainab Ayaz, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Islamud Din, Siddique Ullah, Mubashir Aziz, Abdullah Mohamed, Nasir Ali Khan, Owais Khan
Summary: This study assessed the quality and quantity of roof-harvested rainwater in a specific area, finding that most physicochemical parameters met WHO guidelines except for pH, turbidity, and some trace metals. The study also indicated a high potential for roof-harvested rainwater in the area.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Karolina Mazurkiewicz, Joanna Jez-Walkowiak, Michal Michalkiewicz
Summary: This study investigated the physicochemical properties and microbiological quality of rainwater collected from underground tanks in Poznan. The results showed that the physicochemical quality of the rainwater met drinking water standards, but there were issues with the microbiological quality. Therefore, the treatment of rainwater for potable purposes should focus on biological and chemical stability.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tatiana Prado, Tatsuo Shubo, Lucas Freitas, Luciana Leomil, Adriana Goncalves Maranhao, Marize Pereira Miagostovich
Summary: This study characterized the viral community in roof-harvested rainwater from a densely urbanized low-income region in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, revealing a predominance of RNA non-human viruses, including bacteriophages. The research highlights the need for treatment of roof-harvested rainwater to reduce the risk of potential pathogens.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Emil Tsanov, Dobril Valchev, Irina Ribarova, Galina Dimova
Summary: Rainwater harvesting is gaining attention as a solution to new challenges posed by climate change and socio-economic development. Current policies address rainwater harvesting, but standards for harvested rainwater quality (HRWQ) are mainly focused on agricultural reuse. This paper highlights the need for specific legislative requirements tailored to HRWQ for reuse purposes, in order to reduce health and environmental risks. Through a literature review of HRWQ parameters and existing legislation, the paper discusses the complexity of factors influencing HRWQ and suggests potential actions for the development of specific legislation, such as applying a risk-based approach, establishing a database, and providing guidance on technological solutions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fathi Anabtawi, Nidal Mahmoud, Issam A. Al-Khatib, Yung-Tse Hung
Summary: Rainwater harvesting is an important water resource in the Palestinian countryside. A study was conducted in Yatta town to analyze the presence of heavy metals in collected rainwater samples. The results showed that only a few samples exceeded the limits for certain metals. Possible sources of pollution were identified through a questionnaire and literature review. Health risk assessment indicated that all samples were considered safe for consumption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sameer Shadeed, Sandy Alawna
Summary: This study estimated the optimal size of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) storage tanks in different West Bank governorates and tested the reliability of RRWH systems in these areas. Results show that the implementation of RRWH systems is reliable for all governorates except Jericho. The study also found that the reliability of adopting RRWH systems can be increased by reducing daily water demand in areas with low rainfall.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Sajeeve Latif, Mohammad A. Alim, Ataur Rahman
Summary: Harvested rainwater requires pre-treatment and disinfection before human consumption. A sustainable and cost-effective disinfection method, such as hypochlorite, is needed for rural rainwater harvesting systems. Proper dosing and residual effects of disinfectant are important considerations for effective treatment.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tadeusz Grabowski, Krzysztof Jozwiakowski, Andrzej Bochniak, Przemyslaw Stachyra, Boguslaw Radlinski
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of rainwater in Roztocze National Park and its potential use for various purposes. The study conducted tests on rainwater samples collected from farm buildings in the park to evaluate their organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological properties. The results showed that the rainwater had good overall quality, although occasional exceedances of permissible limits for ammonium ions and microbiological indicators were observed, likely due to roof contamination. Despite these exceedances, the rainwater could still be used for non-potable purposes, such as flushing toilets or watering plants, thereby reducing the reliance on high-quality groundwater. However, additional treatment processes, such as filtration and disinfection, would be required if the rainwater is intended for drinking purposes for the park's horses.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Panagiotis Tsamos, Pavlos Kolias, Dimitra Lambropoulou, Fotini Noli
Summary: The concentrations of uranium and nine elements in snow and rainwater samples were analyzed in Thessaloniki, northern Greece. The results showed elevated uranium concentrations and a deviation in the isotopic ratio of U-234/U-238 from the equilibrium value, indicating intensive uranium dissolution. Statistical analysis revealed variations in concentration values between industrial and urban areas, as well as different elemental distribution influenced by anthropogenic contributions, meteorological conditions, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anna Marszalek, Gabriela Kaminska, Noura Fathy Abdel Salam
Summary: This study evaluated the adsorption capabilities of thermally-treated bentonites and bentonite-carbon nanotubes composites for organic micropollutants and heavy metals in rainwater. The results showed that the composites had high removal percentages and fast adsorption rates for these pollutants.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)