Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Usman, Shuo Cheng, Jeffrey S. Cross
Summary: This study aims to develop an efficient process for extracting saponifiable lipids and preparing biodiesel from sewage sludge. Results showed that direct extraction method using hexane at room temperature was able to achieve saponifiable lipids' extraction in the range of 19-21.5 wt%. These extracted lipids were then converted into biodiesel through acid/base transesterification with high yields and conversion efficiency. Biodiesel produced from sewage sludge has potential as a carbon-neutral fuel with low cost and low sulfur content.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaoyan Liu, Fenfen Zhu, Rongyan Zhang, Luyao Zhao, Juanjuan Qi
Summary: The treatment and disposal methods of municipal sewage sludge have limited ability to produce high-value products, but research on using sludge for energy recovery, including biofuel production, has increased. Sludge drying by heat is efficient but costly, while organic solvents for lipid extraction are expensive and environmentally unfavorable. Solid acid catalysts are promising alternatives, and new catalysts like ionic liquids and enzymes show potential for future development.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sangho Lee, Young-Min Kim, Muhammad Zain Siddiqui, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to study the kinetic behavior and product distribution of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of different types of sewage sludge. Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) has a lower activation energy and produces more fatty acids and cholesterol than livestock manure sewage sludge (LMSS). By using a different catalyst, the product distribution of MSS can be altered, increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ricardo Garcia-Morales, Abel Zunigo-Moreno, Francisco J. Veronico-Sanchez, Jose Domenzain-Gonzalez, Hugo I. Perez-Lopez, Christian Bouchot, Octavio Elizalde-Solis
Summary: The aim of this study was to synthesize fatty acid methyl esters from waste beef tallow using one-step supercritical methanol transesterification without pre-treatment. Animal waste samples were collected from local markets and experiments were conducted in a batch reactor made of Inconel 625 alloy. Various parameters such as methanol:waste beef tallow molar ratio, temperature, and pressure were investigated to obtain the fatty acid methyl esters, which were then characterized and the overall yield was calculated.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kannan Mohan, Palanivel Sathishkumar, Durairaj Karthick Rajan, Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran, Abirami Ramu Ganesan
Summary: Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a fast-growing and promising insect species that can achieve high-fat content through organic dietary supplements and environmental conditions. The fatty acids in their body can be converted into biodiesel with high efficiency, resulting in reduced energy input and carbon emissions. This review focuses on evaluating the optimal dietary source and growth conditions to produce fatty acid-rich larvae from agro food waste, and discusses the optimization and refining of lipids using novel techniques.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongju Lin, Yanchang Chu, Mingyu Xie, Le Yang, Gangfeng Ouyang
Summary: In this study, a series of nickel-based bimetallic catalysts supported on homemade SiO2 nanospheres were investigated for the decarboxylation of fatty acids. The NiCo/SiO2 catalyst showed the best performance, achieving high conversion and selectivity. The synergy between Ni and Co and the carbon resistance properties of homemade SiO2 contributed to the efficient decarboxylation reaction. The NiCo/SiO2 catalyst was also successfully applied for the upgrading of MS HTL bio-crude, resulting in a significant improvement in the theoretical higher heating value (HHV), indicating the potential for converting MS bio-crude to biofuels.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alyaa Abdulhussein Alsaedi, Md. Sohrab Hossain, Venugopal Balakrishnan, Marwan Abdul Hakim Shaah, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Norli Ismail, Mu. Naushad, Chinna Bathula
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of using municipal sewage sludge as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The results showed that lipids can be extracted from sewage sludge using the soxhlet extraction method, and biodiesel can be synthesized from the extracted lipids using alkaline transesterification. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel met the relevant standards.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Violeta Makareviciene, Egle Sendzikiene
Summary: The noncatalytic supercritical process in biodiesel production simplifies the process, solves the problem of catalyst recovery and regeneration, and improves the efficiency of biodiesel production.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yashvir Singh, Abhishek Sharma, Nishant Kumar Singh
Summary: Supercritical methanol transesterification is an effective method for processing biodiesel, which can produce a substantial amount of biodiesel in a short period of time and solve the problems associated with catalyst processing. The study found that the reaction temperature, methanol to oil ratio, reaction time, and pressure have a significant impact on the biodiesel production in the supercritical methanol transesterification process.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Febrian Rizkianto, Kazuyuki Oshita, Masaki Takaoka
Summary: Wastewater treatment plants produce a large amount of sewage sludge, which contains lipids that can be converted into biodiesel. This study found that sewage sludge from two WWTPs in Japan had high lipid and biodiesel yields when extracted and converted using specific methods.
JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Felipe de Jesus Villalobos-Delgado, Hilda Reynel-Avila, Didilia Mendoza-Castillo, Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet
Summary: This study investigated the lipid composition of primary sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The study assessed the potential of the sludge as a raw material for biodiesel production. Lipid recovery was achieved through solvent extraction, with different solvents used for dry and dewatered sludge. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of the sludge, which were influenced by seasonal changes and population activities, affected the lipid recovery rate. These factors should be considered when designing large-scale extraction equipment for biofuel production.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juan F. Moreno, Paula Oulego, Sergio Collado, Mario Diaz
Summary: Sewage sludge can be utilized to produce microbial lipids, which can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. The wet oxidation pre-treatment process facilitates the release of volatile fatty acids from sewage sludge, which can be used as substrate for lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica. This approach has the potential to produce sustainable biofuels from sewage sludge.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcin Zielinski, Marcin Debowski, Joanna Kazimierowicz
Summary: The study investigated the effect of a 17.6 mT static magnetic field on the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Results showed significant impact on methane production efficiency, fermentation rate, and bacterial community structure, but no effect on cumulative biogas production. Longer exposure time to the magnetic field led to decreased efficiency and reduced populations of methanogens in the anaerobic sludge.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hwi-Sung Lee, Jaeha Lee, Hanbin Seo, Hankyeul Kang, Do Heui Kim, Youn-Woo Lee
Summary: This study demonstrated the synthesis of biodiesel using Pd/ZSM-5 or commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, with Pd/ZSM-5 showing a higher FAMEs yield of 97.1% compared to 58.0% for Pd/Al2O3 under the same conditions. Despite having higher Pd nanoparticles dispersion, Pd/ZSM-5 exhibited lower activity for CTH.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mingyan Ma, Donghai Xu, Xuehan Gong, Yunfei Diao, Peng Feng, Krzysztof Kapusta
Summary: Biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pyrolysis can be used as a catalyst to achieve product recycling and enhance conversion rate. The kinetics of MSS product recirculation catalytic pyrolysis were investigated through non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. The results revealed that MSS noncatalytic/catalytic pyrolysis reaction involves five stages, with the main decomposition occurring between 180 and 680 degrees C and accounting for a significant mass loss.