Article
Thermodynamics
Katarzyna Januszewicz, Jacek Hunicz, Pawel Kazimierski, Arkadiusz Rybak, Tomasz Suchocki, Kamil Duda, Maciej Mikulski
Summary: This study focuses on using pyrolysis to convert plastic solid waste into renewable drop-in fuel. The study provides an unbiased benchmark of polypropylene and polystyrene pyrolysis oils and explores their combustion characteristics in a research engine. The results show that plastic-derived fuels can meet emission and safety regulations for diesel engines with proper feedstock segregation and process optimization.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Y. H. Teoh, H. Yaqoob, H. G. How, T. D. Le, H. T. Nguyen
Summary: This study compares the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil, biodiesel, and diesel blended fuel in a multi-cylinder high-pressure common-rail diesel engine. The results show that the P10 fuel outperforms B10 and diesel fuel in terms of torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions reduction. Therefore, P10 is a suitable alternative fuel for multi-cylinder diesel engines without any modifications.
Review
Materials Science, Composites
Praveenkumara Jagadeesh, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, Madhu Puttegowda, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, G. Rajeshkumar, Mohit Hemath Kumar, Oluseyi Philip Oladijo, Vincenzo Fiore, Marta Maria Moure Cuadrado
Summary: This review article discusses the environmental and economic effects of recycling and sustainable thermoplastic polymer recycling technologies. Recycled thermoplastics have been utilized as matrices in the production of various composites, which are widely used in food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor applications. The desirable properties of thermoplastic polymers have led to their extensive use in place of metals, but increased landfilling and incineration of plastics have negative impacts on the ecosystem. In response to these problems, many countries are adopting the circular economy concept to promote reuse and recycling of materials.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haseeb Yaqoob, Yew Heng Teoh, Muhammad Ahmad Jamil, Farooq Sher
Summary: Waste to fuel conversion is important due to fuel demand, waste disposal issues, and environmental and economic impact. This study examines the energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and sustainability aspects of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO)-diesel blends. The results show that DP10 (Diesel 90%-TPO 10%) performs the best in terms of energy and exergy efficiency, as well as sustainability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marvin Kusenberg, Azd Zayoud, Martijn Roosen, Hang Dao Thi, Mehrdad Seifali Abbas-Abadi, Andreas Eschenbacher, Uros Kresovic, Steven De Meester, Kevin M. Van Geem
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis of plastic packaging waste to produce pyrolysis oils, with a focus on how the composition of plastic waste affects the quality of the oil. The results showed that different types of plastic waste yield different compositions of pyrolysis oils, containing significant amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and other contaminants. Improvements in waste sorting, separation, and pre-and post-treatment techniques are necessary to produce pyrolysis products suitable for chemical processing.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadao, Caroline dos Santos Duarte, Diego Gil de los Santos, Pedro Jose Sanches Filho
Summary: The research demonstrates that co-pyrolysis technology can convert peach stone and plastic waste into value-added products together, and adjusting the temperature and blend composition can influence the composition and yield of the final products.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sutthichai Khamhuatoey, Sommas Kaewluan, Jarernporn Thawornprasert, Ye Min Oo, Kritsakon Pongraktham, Krit Somnuk
Summary: This study evaluated the performance and emissions of direct injection diesel engines using blends of diesel-biodiesel-esterified pyrolysis bio-oil (D-B-EPB). The results showed that a fuel blend consisting of 30% diesel, 60% biodiesel, and 10% EPB (D30B60EPB10) met the density and viscosity requirements of diesel standards. The D30B60EPB10 blend exhibited performance comparable to diesel while being more environmentally friendly in terms of reducing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and smoke opacity.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Krishnaraj Janarthanan, Periyasamy Sivanandi
Summary: This research explores the process of extracting fuel from waste plastics through thermal cracking method, and finds that plastic pyrolysis fuel has similar fuel properties to diesel. The engine test results demonstrate that the plastic pyrolysis fuel can be used at full load with improved combustion efficiency and reduced emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Wenjian Guo, Shuxin Bai, Yicong Ye
Summary: In this study, the abandoned epoxy resin matrix in composite wastes was pyrolyzed into epoxy resin pyrolytic oil (EPO) and analyzed. The results showed that more than half of the epoxy resin matrix was converted into EPO, mainly consisting of phenol and its derivatives. CF reinforced EPOF composites with comparable strength and ablation rates to CF/PF composites were successfully fabricated, thanks to the good process performance of the EPOF prepolymer.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Waheed Zeb, Martijn Roosen, Pieter Knockaert, Sven Janssens, Daniel Withoeck, Marvin Kusenberg, Joel Hogie, Pieter Billen, Serge Tavernier, Kevin M. Van Geem, Steven De Meester
Summary: Valorisation of post-consumer plastic pyrolysis oil in steam crackers and their application as precursors to chemicals is hindered by the complexity of these oils, such as boiling range, fouling risk, and contaminations. Vacuum distillation effectively improved most properties of the distilled fractions, making it an essential downstream process step for the application of post-consumer plastic pyrolysis oils as feedstock in steam crackers and precursors to chemicals.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fredrik Weiland, Muhammad Saad Qureshi, Jonas Wennebro, Christian Lindfors, Taina Ohra-aho, Hoda Shafaghat, Ann-Christine Johansson
Summary: A two-step process was studied to treat polypropylene by pyrolysis and feed the liquid intermediate to a gasifier, generating high-quality syngas. The energy content of CO and H-2 in the produced syngas corresponded to approximately 40% of the energy content of the polypropylene raw material, with potential for improvement on a larger scale.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahmut Uyar, Huseyin Aydin
Summary: In this study, a diesel-like fuel was produced from crude oil sludge using catalytic pyrolysis. The fuel went through two stages of desulfurization, resulting in a significant reduction in sulfur content. The obtained fuels were found to be suitable for use in diesel engines without requiring any engine modifications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marco Maniscalco, Fabiola La Paglia, Pasquale Iannotta, Giuseppe Caputo, Francesca Scargiali, Franco Grisa, Alberto Brucato
Summary: This study focused on the thermal degradation characteristics and kinetic of a plastic mixture primarily composed of LDPE and PP, finding that liquid yield increased with temperature while solid and gas phase yields decreased accordingly.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Gowthaman, K. Thangavel
Summary: The study shows that coconut shell oil and its blends can be effectively used in diesel engines, resulting in better combustion performance and lower emissions. The CSO20 blend exhibits lower fuel consumption rate and higher heat release rate, while producing fewer pollutants.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Wu, Mengting Zheng, Tiefeng Liu, Yao Wang, Yujing Liu, Jianwei Nai, Liang Zhang, Shanqing Zhang, Xinyong Tao
Summary: This review summarizes the steps and strategies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and discusses the impact of degradation mechanisms of electrode materials on the selection of regeneration strategies.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Saadya A. Tayel, Mohamed A. El Nabarawi, Maha M. Amin, Mohamed H. H. AbouGhaly
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hossam A. Gabbar, Mohamed Aboughaly, Stefano Russo
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohamed Aboughaly, Hossam A. Gabbar, Vahid Damideh, Isaac Hassen
Correction
Chemistry, Analytical
Sharif Abu Darda, Hossam A. Gabbar, Vahid Damideh, Mohamed Aboughaly, Isaac Hassen
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Sharif Abu Darda, Hossam A. Gabbar, Vahid Damideh, Mohammed Aboughaly, Isaac Hassen
Summary: Radioactive wastes are hazardous byproducts of nuclear technology and industrial processes that need to be governed and regulated by government authorities. Different management strategies are implemented based on the type and intensity of radioactive waste, with most waste going through volume reduction, waste immunization, and shielding before being disposed of in long term geological repositories. Highly radioactive spent fuel and reprocessing wastes are temporarily stored until a long-term disposal solution is found.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hossam A. Gabbar, Mohamed Aboughaly
Summary: This research evaluates four thermochemical processes - incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) - for converting solid waste into hydrocarbon products. The evaluation includes energy recovery pathways, environmental footprint, and techno-economic analysis based on conceptual design and Aspen HYSYS energy simulation.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hossam A. Gabbar, Sharif Abu Darda, Vahid Damideh, Isaac Hassen, Mohamed Aboughaly, Davide Lisi
Summary: The improvement in living standards has led to exponential growth in urban populations, resulting in a significant increase in municipal solid waste production. Plasma technologies have proven beneficial for recycling materials and generating energy from solid waste, leading to a high demand for sustainable, cost-effective waste-to-energy facilities. Advanced thermal plasma technologies, including atmospheric DC, RF, and Microwave plasma torches, offer efficient waste treatment options at both small and industrial scales, with DC and RF torches showing economic advantages for large-scale waste treatment and energy production. Innovative technologies, environmental impact mitigation, and cost effectiveness are critical factors for enhancing the feasibility and sustainability of plasma-based waste treatment plants.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mohamed Aboughaly, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah
Summary: This review paper discusses the recommended monitoring technologies for detecting greenhouse gas emissions in solid waste thermochemical reactions. Gas analyzers based on the absorption principle are used to continuously measure the properties of gas mixtures during thermochemical reactions. The paper recommends gas analyzers and process control tools to enhance the sensitivity and dynamics of thermochemical reactions. The environmental assessment compares different solid waste chemical recycling methods in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and various impact categories.
Review
Polymer Science
Mohamed Aboughaly, Amin Babaei-Ghazvini, Piyali Dhar, Ravi Patel, Bishnu Acharya
Summary: This article discusses the uses of biochar and its advantages as a filler material in polymer composites. It explores the optimal operating conditions for regulating the physical characteristics of biochar and recommends optimal biochar loads to improve the properties of composite materials.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Huda A. Abdul-Kader, Zaidoon M. Shakor, Bashir Y. Sherhan, Shurooq T. Al-Humairi, Mohamed Aboughaly, M. A. Hazrat, Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah
Summary: In this study, a Y-nanozeolite catalyst was synthesized using hydrothermal method and Iraqi sand-derived silica as raw material. The catalyst was tested before and after being loaded with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The results showed that the conversion and yield increased when the temperature and/or reaction time were increased, especially after promoting the catalyst with 10% KOH. The optimal conditions for achieving the highest conversion and yield of biodiesel were determined to be a temperature of 60 degrees C, a reaction time of 2 h, and the use of a catalyst with a particle size of 75 mu m loaded with 10% KOH.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hossam A. Gabbar, Mohamed Aboughaly, Nasser Ayoub
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mitulkumar A. Patel, Mohamed H. H. AbouGhaly, Jacqueline V. Schryer-Praga, Keith Chadwick
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2017)