Journal
COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM
Volume 34, Issue 2, Pages 667-681Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cgf.12592
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Funding
- NSF [1115242, 1451830, 1342931]
- Intel Science and Technology Center for Visual Computing
- Swiss National Science foundation [143886]
- [NRF-2013R1A1A2058052]
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1321168] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems [1342931] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Monte Carlo integration is firmly established as the basis for most practical realistic image synthesis algorithms because of its flexibility and generality. However, the visual quality of rendered images often suffers from estimator variance, which appears as visually distracting noise. Adaptive sampling and reconstruction algorithms reduce variance by controlling the sampling density and aggregating samples in a reconstruction step, possibly over large image regions. In this paper we survey recent advances in this area. We distinguish between a priori methods that analyze the light transport equations and derive sampling rates and reconstruction filters from this analysis, and a posteriori methods that apply statistical techniques to sets of samples to drive the adaptive sampling and reconstruction process. They typically estimate the errors of several reconstruction filters, and select the best filter locally to minimize error. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of recent state-of-the-art techniques, and provide visual and quantitative comparisons. Some of these techniques are proving useful in real-world applications, and we aim to provide an overview for practitioners and researchers to assess these approaches. In addition, we discuss directions for potential further improvements.
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