Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lars H. Smedsrud, Morven Muilwijk, Ailin Brakstad, Erica Madonna, Siv K. Lauvset, Clemens Spensberger, Andreas Born, Tor Eldevik, Helge Drange, Emil Jeansson, Camille Li, Are Olsen, Oystein Skagseth, Donald A. Slater, Fiamma Straneo, Kjetil Vage, Marius Arthun
Summary: This study provides a detailed account of the poleward ocean heat transport and its effects on the earth system, particularly in relation to sea ice cover. It shows that the Arctic Ocean, including the Nordic and Barents Seas, has experienced warming since the 1970s, which is attributed to increased ocean heat transport and sea ice loss. The study also reveals that the largest heat loss to the atmosphere occurs in the Nordic Seas, while the Barents Sea and Arctic seas farther north exhibit smaller but increasing heat loss. The inflow of northward Atlantic Water, total heat loss to the atmosphere, and dense outflow have all increased since 1900, and are consistently related through theoretical scaling. The findings highlight the significance of these processes in understanding climate change in the Arctic region.
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Takamasa Tsubouchi, Kjetil Vage, Bogi Hansen, Karin Margretha H. Larsen, Svein Osterhus, Clare Johnson, Steingrimur Jonsson, Hedinn Valdimarsson
Summary: Increased ocean transport from the North Atlantic into the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean is warming the region. The poleward heat transport may have contributed to the declining sea-ice extent and increasing ocean temperatures since the late 1990s.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Federico Scoto, Henrik Sadatzki, Niccolo Maffezzoli, Carlo Barbante, Alessandro Gagliardi, Cristiano Varin, Paul Vallelonga, Vasileios Gkinis, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Helle Astrid Kjaer, Francois Burgay, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Ruediger Stein, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: The decline of sea ice in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas during the last glacial period, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events, contributed to repeated abrupt atmospheric warmings recorded in Greenland ice cores. By analyzing records from the NEEM ice core and sediment cores, researchers discovered that the replacement of stable multiyear sea ice with seasonal sea ice amplified the abrupt climate warming during D-O events, highlighting the importance of feedbacks associated with seasonal sea ice expansion in driving the North Atlantic ocean-climate system.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wilton Aguiar, Katrin J. Meissner, Alvaro Montenegro, Luciana Prado, Ilana Wainer, Anders E. Carlson, Mauricio M. Mata
Summary: The study compared sea surface temperatures and oxygen isotope ratios from model simulations with paleoproxy records to estimate the amount of meltwater released during the 8.2 ka event. The results suggest approximately 5.3 meters of meltwater released over a thousand years, with a short intensification period releasing an additional 2.2 meters, similar to projected future Greenland Ice Sheet melting rates under high emission scenarios.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Geography, Physical
Nicolas E. Young, Jason P. Briner, Gifford H. Miller, Alia J. Lesnek, Sarah E. Crump, Simon L. Pendleton, Roseanne Schwartz, Joerg M. Schaefer
Summary: Beryllium-10 has become a primary cosmogenic nuclide for quantifying Earth-surface processes. By measuring Be-10 at a precision level of <= 2-3%, researchers can now compare Be-10-based records of glacier and ice-sheet change to independent records of climate variability. The Be-10 measurements over the last 10+ years have provided a detailed picture of ice-margin migration through the early Holocene, showing interruptions in deglaciation by ice-margin readvances or stillstands.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francois Lapointe, Raymond S. Bradley
Summary: The Little Ice Age was preceded by an intrusion of warm Atlantic water into the Nordic Seas in the late 1300s, which was caused by persistent atmospheric blocking over the North Atlantic and unusually high solar activity. The warmer water caused sea ice breakup and glacier calving, weakening the subpolar gyre and setting the stage for the Little Ice Age.
Article
Oceanography
J. S. Kenigson, M-L Timmermans
Summary: This study reveals a co-variation of freshwater content in the Nordic seas with the position of the Subarctic Front on decadal time scales. When the Subpolar Gyre is strong, it increases the contribution of subpolar relative to subtropical source water to the Atlantic inflow, and vice versa. Arctic Ocean fluxes primarily influence the hydrography of the Nordic seas via indirect means.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Jakob Abermann, Kirsty Langley, Sille M. Myreng, Kerstin Rasmussen, Dorthe Petersen
Summary: This study monitored the discharges of four different catchments in Kobbefjord, West Greenland for 12 years, finding significant variations in discharge magnitude at annual, seasonal, and sub-daily scales due to differences in physical properties and local climate variability. The differences in annual specific discharges were mainly caused by a longitudinal precipitation gradient from West to East and seasonal discharge cycles were influenced by solar radiation and snowmelt. Dry years increased relative differences in discharge, but no significant temporal trends were identified. Sub-daily variations in discharge timing were attributed to the presence and elevation of lakes in the catchments.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Mette Skern-Mauritzen, Ulf Lindstrom, Martin Biuw, Bjarki Elvarsson, Thorvaldur Gunnlaugsson, Tore Haug, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Margaret M. McBride, Bjarni Mikkelsen, Nils Oien, Gisli Vikingsson
Summary: This study evaluates prey consumption by the marine mammal community in the northeast Atlantic and compares it with fisheries removals. Results show that marine mammals consume slightly more prey than fisheries. Additionally, significant changes in mammal consumption over the last decades are likely related to historic whaling and rapid changes in high-latitude systems.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
T. Karpouzoglou, L. de Steur, L. H. Smedsrud, H. Sumata
Summary: The study indicates that the increased liquid fresh water transport (FWT) between 2010 and 2015 in the East Greenland Current (EGC) has not continued, but instead decreased to pre-2009 levels. Additionally, there was a decrease in FWT in the Polar Water (PW) between 2015 and 2019, with occasional high FWT events in 2017. The reduced salt transport independent of reference salinity is related to a slowdown of the EGC.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Amy Solomon, Celine Heuze, Benjamin Rabe, Sheldon Bacon, Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Jun Inoue, Doroteaciro Iovino, Ruth Mottram, Xiangdong Zhang, Yevgeny Aksenov, Ronan McAdam, An Nguyen, Roshin P. Raj, Han Tang
Summary: The Arctic climate system is undergoing rapid changes, leading to ecosystem changes in the Arctic Ocean. Variability of Arctic freshwater plays a critical role in the Arctic and global climate systems by impacting ocean stratification and sea ice formation or melt. The trend in Arctic freshwater content has stabilized in the 2010s compared to the 2000s, potentially due to increased compensation between different regions of the Arctic Ocean.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chen Gao, Jun Xia, Xinhao Zhou, Yantao Liang, Yong Jiang, Meiwen Wang, Hongbing Shao, Xiaochong Shi, Cui Guo, Hui He, Hualong Wang, Jianfeng He, Denghui Hu, Xiaoyu Wang, Jinping Zhao, Yu-Zhong Zhang, Yeong Yik Sung, Wen Jye Mok, Li Lian Wong, Andrew McMinn, Curtis A. Suttle, Min Wang
Summary: The Nordic Seas are experiencing abrupt climate change, connecting the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean with complex water masses. The viromes in this region show distinct features in the cold Arctic waters and warm Atlantic waters, with Caudovirales and NCLDVs dominating in different conditions. This study provides important insights into the viral communities in response to climate change in the subarctic seas.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jeetendra Saini, Ruediger Stein, Kirsten Fahl, Jens Weiser, Dierk Hebbeln, Lina Madaj
Summary: Sea-surface conditions during the Holocene were reconstructed using sediment cores from Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. The study found that Baffin Bay had extended spring sea ice cover in the Early Holocene, while the NE Labrador Sea remained predominantly ice-free. A transition towards reduced sea ice conditions in Baffin Bay occurred in the Middle Holocene, possibly due to ice melting and variations in water influx. In the Late Holocene, Baffin Bay had low in-situ ice algae production and enhanced drift sea ice, while the NE Labrador Sea remained ice-free.
Article
Oceanography
T. M. Burgers, L. A. Miller, S. Rysgaard, J. Mortensen, B. Else, J. -E Tremblay, T. Papakyriakou
Summary: In August 2014, we characterized the physico-chemical properties of water masses entering Nares Strait. We used an extended OMP analysis to estimate mixing fractions and determine the role of physical and biological processes in the distribution of DIC. Our observations include evidence of Siberian shelf waters and diluted Pacific-origin upper halocline layer entering Nares Strait. These mixed-origin water masses drive phytoplankton bloom in Kane Basin, leading to decreased surface pCO(2) concentrations. The positioning of the Transpolar Drift and the balance of Atlantic and Pacific water delivered to Nares Strait play an important role in regional biological productivity and carbon uptake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dafydd Gwyn Evans, N. Penny Holliday, Sheldon Bacon, Isabela Le Bras
Summary: The overturning streamfunction at the OSNAP mooring array represents the transformation of Atlantic Water into North Atlantic Deep Water. Air-sea buoyancy fluxes and mixing contribute to this transformation. Observational, reanalysis, and model-based datasets are used to estimate the water mass transformations. The study highlights the importance of accurately representing mixing-driven processes for realistic simulation of the overturning circulation in the North Atlantic.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Martin Horwath, Andreas Groh, Jonathan L. Bamber
Summary: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measures gravitational potential anomalies that include the effects of present-day surface mass change (PDSMC) and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the solid Earth mass redistribution. However, different models for GIA can lead to different estimates for PDSMC in GRACE observations, highlighting the need for consistent treatment of GIA signals in these observations.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dann M. Mitchell, Emma J. Stone, Oliver D. Andrews, Jonathan L. Bamber, Rory J. Bingham, Jo Browse, Matthew Henry, David M. MacLeod, Joanne M. Morten, Christoph A. Sauter, Christopher J. Smith, James Thomas, Stephen Thomson, Jamie D. Wilson
Summary: The Bristol CMIP6 Data Hackathon brought together around 100 early career researchers from the UK to explore new research ideas using advanced climate model inter-comparison project datasets. Experts and scientists from various disciplines collaborated to investigate interdisciplinary environmental topics.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shfaqat A. Khan, Jonathan L. Bamber, Eric Rignot, Veit Helm, Andy Aschwanden, David M. Holland, Michiel van den Broeke, Michalea King, Brice Noel, Martin Truffer, Angelika Humbert, William Colgan, Saurabh Vijay, Peter Kuipers Munneke
Summary: We used satellite and airborne altimetry to estimate annual mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The study revealed that Greenland has experienced substantial ice loss, resulting in a sea-level rise of 6.9 mm from 2011 to 2020. The researchers also observed contrasting patterns of mass loss in different regions of the ice sheet, suggesting the potential use of these trends for validating ice sheet models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Nils Hutter, Amelie Bouchat, Frederic Dupont, Dmitry Dukhovskoy, Nikolay Koldunov, Younjoo J. Lee, Jean-Francois Lemieux, Camille Lique, Martin Losch, Wieslaw Maslowski, Paul G. Myers, Einar Olason, Pierre Rampal, Till Rasmussen, Claude Talandier, Bruno Tremblay, Qiang Wang
Summary: Simulating sea ice drift and deformation in the Arctic Ocean remains a challenge due to the complex interaction of sea ice floes. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment aims to evaluate different modeling approaches, with simulations showing varying levels of accuracy in replicating linear kinematic features. Higher resolution simulations have a significant impact on air-ice-ocean interaction processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Amelie Bouchat, Nils Hutter, Jerome Chanut, Frederic Dupont, Dmitry Dukhovskoy, Gilles Garric, Younjoo J. Lee, Jean-Francois Lemieux, Camille Lique, Martin Losch, Wieslaw Maslowski, Paul G. Myers, Einar Olason, Pierre Rampal, Till Rasmussen, Claude Talandier, Bruno Tremblay, Qiang Wang
Summary: As sea-ice modeling becomes more advanced, models are now able to accurately resolve deformation features in Arctic sea ice. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) aims to evaluate state-of-the-art sea-ice models using different representations of sea-ice physics and model configurations. The study finds that both plastic and brittle sea-ice rheologies can reproduce observed deformation statistics, but model configuration and physical parameterizations have impacts as important as the choice of rheology.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shfaqat A. Khan, William Colgan, Thomas A. Neumann, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Kelly M. Brunt, Brice Noel, Jonathan L. Bamber, Javed Hassan, Anders A. Bjork
Summary: In recent decades, the peripheral glaciers in Greenland have experienced significant mass loss, contributing substantially to rising sea levels. Despite their small coverage area (4% of Greenland's ice), their mass loss is disproportionately large compared to the Greenland ice sheet. Satellite data shows that the mass loss from Greenland's peripheral glaciers has increased, with a fourfold increase observed in North Greenland. While mass loss from peripheral glaciers is widespread, there is also a complex regional pattern where increased precipitation at higher altitudes partially offsets increased melting at lower altitudes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tim Boyer, Huai-Min Zhang, Kevin O'Brien, James Reagan, Stephen Diggs, Eric Freeman, Hernan Garcia, Emma Heslop, Patrick Hogan, Boyin Huang, Li-Qing Jiang, Alex Kozyr, Chunying Liu, Ricardo Locarnini, Alexey V. Mishonov, Christopher Paver, Zhankun Wang, Melissa Zweng, Simone Alin, Leticia Barbero, John A. Barth, Mathieu Belbeoch, Just Cebrian, Kenneth J. Connell, Rebecca Cowley, Dmitry Dukhovskoy, Nancy R. Galbraith, Gustavo Goni, Fred Katz, Martin Kramp, Arun Kumar, David M. Legler, Rick Lumpkin, Clive R. McMahon, Denis Pierrot, Albert J. Plueddemann, Emily A. Smith, Adrienne Sutton, Victor Turpin, Long Jiang, V. Suneel, Rik Wanninkhof, Robert A. Weller, Annie P. S. Wong
Summary: Since 2000, the proliferation and organization of autonomous platforms have contributed to a golden age in in situ ocean observing. These platforms, along with ship-based observations, have enhanced our understanding of the ocean's role in Earth's climate system, weather forecasting, and climate projections. However, the global COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to the maintenance of the observing system, resulting in significant loss of long-term observations and impacting the monitoring of crucial variables such as ocean carbon and the state of the deep ocean.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gennady Platov, Dina Iakshina, Elena Golubeva
Summary: The characteristics of eddy mass transport in the Arctic shelf seas are estimated based on the parameters of a large-scale flow. Numerical simulation of the Kara Sea is used to obtain the results, which are considered as a statistical sample and analyzed using sensitivity study and clustering methods. Functional dependencies are obtained and used to evaluate the characteristics of eddy mass transport.
Article
Oceanography
Theresa J. Morrison, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Julie L. McClean, Sarah T. Gille, Eric P. Chassignet
Summary: The presence of warm Atlantic water on the Greenland continental shelf is connected to the accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This study uses high-resolution simulations to understand the flux of heat on and off the southern Greenland shelf. The results show that the southeast region of Greenland has the greatest heat flux onto the shelf, while the southwestern region mainly exports heat from the shelf to the interior basins.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Remi Laxenaire, Eric P. Chassignet, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Steven L. Morey
Summary: This study investigates the processes controlling the dynamics of the Loop Current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and highlights the importance of realistic flow variability for accurate simulation of the LC system. The results show that the duration and behavior of the LC are influenced by the intensity and direction of the flow through the Yucatan Channel, as well as the presence of anticyclonic eddies.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
G. A. Platov, E. N. Golubeva, V. N. Krupchatnikov, M. V. Kraineva
Summary: This study investigates the interactions between components of the Arctic climate system under climate warming using numerical modeling and reanalysis data. The results show that the trends in atmospheric impact on the ocean-ice system are closely related to future warming projections. Additionally, a periodic interaction between the Arctic Ocean circulation and the heat content of the Atlantic water layer was identified.
Article
Geography, Physical
Benjamin Richaud, Katja Fennel, Eric C. J. Oliver, Michael D. DeGrandpre, Timothee Bourgeois, Xianmin Hu, Youyu Lu
Summary: The Arctic Ocean is a net sink of atmospheric CO2 due to its undersaturation in CO2, and sea ice plays a crucial role in modulating this oceanic uptake. Carbon storage in sea ice amplifies the seasonal cycle of seawater CO2 and leads to an increase in oceanic carbon uptake in seasonally ice-covered regions. However, the effect of carbon storage in sea ice is not well-accounted for in current simulations, resulting in underestimation of Arctic Ocean carbon uptake.
Article
Geography, Physical
Tom Mitcham, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, Jonathan L. Bamber
Summary: Research shows that changes in the thickness and extent of the Larsen C Ice Shelf have limited instantaneous impact on ice dynamics and grounding line flux. Significant changes to the ice shelf's geometry, such as moving the calving front or thinning the ice shelf, have only a moderate effect on grounding line flux.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tian Li, Geoffrey J. Dawson, Stephen J. Chuter, Jonathan L. Bamber
Summary: This study presents the first high-resolution grounding zone product of the Antarctic Ice Sheet derived from ICESat-2 data, providing accurate monitoring of the ice sheet's location and migration. By comparing with previous products, retreat of the grounding line on the Crary Ice Rise of Ross Ice Shelf and landward migration of the grounding line along the Amundsen Sea embayment are observed.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fanny Lehmann, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jonathan Bamber
Summary: The study attempts to close the global water budget at the catchment scale using precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff data. Results show that the reconstructed terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes from the water balance equation are more accurate than the GRACE data. The performance of different datasets varies in different climatic zones, indicating that the optimal combination of datasets depends on climatic conditions and other factors.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)