Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
Volume 121, Issue 6, Pages 1632-1645Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015JG003300
Keywords
anaerobic ammonium oxidation; salinity gradient; estuary; sediment
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41322002, 41130525, 41271114, 41071135, 41501524]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015 M581567]
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research
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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a major microbial pathway for nitrogen (N) removal in estuarine and coastal environments. However, understanding of anammox bacterial dynamics and associations with anammox activity remains scarce along estuarine salinity gradient. In this study, the diversity, abundance, and activity of anammox bacteria, and their potential contributions to total N-2 production in the sediments along the salinity gradient (0.1-33.8) of the Yangtze estuarine and coastal zone, were studied using 16S rRNA gene clone library, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and isotope-tracing technique. Phylogenetic analysis showed a significant change in anammox bacterial community structure along the salinity gradient (P<0.01), with the dominant genus shifting from Brocadia in the freshwater region to Scalindua in the open ocean. Anammox bacterial abundance ranged from 3.67x10(5) to 8.22x10(7)copies 16S rRNA geneg(-1) and related significantly with salinity (P<0.05). The anammox activity varied between 0.08 and 6.46nmolNg(-1)h(-1) and related closely with anammox bacterial abundance (P<0.01). Contributions of anammox activity to total N loss were highly variable along the salinity gradient, ranging from 5 to 77% and were significantly negatively correlated with salinity (P<0.01). Sediment organic matter was also recognized as an important factor in controlling the relative role of anammox to total N-2 production in the Yangtze estuarine and coastal zone. Overall, our data demonstrated a biogeographical distribution of anammox bacterial diversity, abundance, and activity along the estuarine salinity gradient and suggested that salinity is a major environmental control on anammox process in the estuarine and coastal ecosystems.
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