Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hao Li, Ganesh Balamurugan, Taehwan Kim, Meer N. Sakib, Ranjeet Kumar, Haisheng Rong, James Jaussi, Bryan Casper
Summary: This article presents a 3-D-integrated 112-Gb/s PAM-4 optical transmitter using microring modulators and CMOS electronics, achieving high energy efficiency and low power consumption. Nonlinear equalization and thermal control method are utilized to address static and dynamic nonlinearities of MRMs. The PAM-4 measurement results demonstrate excellent performance in compensating for temperature sensitivity and achieving efficient energy consumption.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Minkyu Kim, Min-Hyeong Kim, Youngkwan Jo, Hyun-Kyu Kim, Stefan Lischke, Christian Mai, Lars Zimmermann, Woo-Young Choi
Summary: This study demonstrates a silicon electronic-photonic integrated 25 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero transmitter that includes multiple components such as driver circuits, Si ring modulator, photodetector, temperature sensor, heater, and temperature controller, all monolithically integrated on a 0.25 μm photonic BiCMOS technology platform. The integrated transmitter successfully provides stable and optimal 25 Gb/s modulation characteristics against external temperature fluctuation.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vittorio Grimaldi, Francesco Zanetto, Fabio Toso, Ioannis Roumpos, Themistoklis Chrysostomidis, Alessandro Perino, Matteo Petrini, Francesco Morichetti, Andrea Melloni, Nikos Pleros, Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios, Konstantinos Vyrsokinos, Giorgio Ferrari, Marco Sampietro
Summary: This paper demonstrates the possibility of automatically stabilizing the working condition of an integrated Silicon Photonics microring modulator with a novel dithering-based control scheme. The proposed feedback strategy leverages a real-time acquisition of the modulator non-linear transfer function (TF) and operates by setting the target locking point to the zero of the TF second derivative, i.e. where the ring slope is maximum. The control performances, made possible by an FPGA-based platform ensuring a 30 ms response time, are assessed in a 50 Gbit/s routing scenario, demonstrating effective compensation of wavelength and thermal variations and successful transmission even in demanding environments.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guanrong Hou, Behzad Razavi
Summary: This article describes a one-eighth-rate clock and data recovery circuit and a demultiplexer for processing four-level pulse-amplitude modulation signals in receivers. The proposed architecture can achieve a wider loop bandwidth, suppress oscillator phase noise, and improve jitter tolerance.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pen-Jui Peng, Po-Lin Lee, Hsiang-En Huang, Wei-Jian Huang, Ming-Wei Lin, Ying-Zong Juang, Sheng-Hsiang Tseng
Summary: This article presents a 56-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) chipset for optical link. The optical transmitter (TX) adopts a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)-based structure with a two-tap nonlinear PAM-4 feed-forward equalizer (FFE) to compensate for the asymmetric responses from the vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The 56-Gb/s PAM-4 receiver (RX) is connected to the photodiode (PD) and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) module and compensates for interconnection loss with continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). The RX also improves jitter performance with a pattern-filter-based bang-bang phase detector. Both TX and RX are fabricated in the 40-nm CMOS process.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhongkai Wang, Minsoo Choi, Kyoungtae Lee, Kwanseo Park, Zhaokai Liu, Ayan Biswas, Jaeduk Han, Sijun Du, Elad Alon
Summary: This article introduces a 200-Gb/s PAM-4 and 100-Gb/s NRZ transmitter in 28-nm CMOS technology. By optimizing output bandwidth and swing, adopting a reconfigurable equalizer and other techniques, the transmitter achieved high-speed data transmission and energy efficiency, demonstrating excellent performance in experiments.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiwen Liao, Yuguang Zhang, Siyuan Ma, Lei Wang, Leliang Li, Guike Li, Zhao Zhang, Jian Liu, Nanjian Wu, Liyuan Liu, Yong Chen, Xi Xiao, Nan Qi
Summary: This article presents a 50-Gb/s optical transmitter design, which includes a distributed CMOS driver and a silicon-photonic modulator. By utilizing specific modulation method and driver design, high-performance modulation is achieved, while signal synchronization is achieved through segmented multiplexing and clock phase interpolation. Test results show that the transmitter has good extinction ratio and level mismatch, as well as low power consumption.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Soyeon Park, Jintae Kim
Summary: This paper presents the design of a PAM-4 transmitter for on-chip short-reach communication. By introducing a local voltage buffer, the transmitter is able to generate multiple output voltages without using DC current. In the experiment, the transmitter exhibits high energy efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Di Che, Yasuhiro Matsui, Richard Schatz, Roberto Rodes, Ferdous Khan, Martin Kwakernaak, Tsurugi Sudo
Summary: The article introduces a newly designed 50G-class short-cavity DBR laser, named the two-kappa DBR laser, demonstrating its capability of supporting high-speed transmissions. Combined with high-speed electronics, the 50G-class DML also shows the ability to support various advanced digital modulations, with a maximum net bit rate of 236 Gb/s.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hyunsu Park, Jincheol Sim, Yoonjae Choi, Jonghyuck Choi, Youngwook Kwon, Chulwoo Kim
Summary: This article presents a high-speed receiver design using a time-based LSB decoder to improve comparator voltage robustness by separating data and reference paths, and adopting a sample-and-hold structure to increase timing margin.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Optics
David W. U. Chan, Xiong Wu, Chao Lu, Alan Pak Tao Lau, Hon Ki Tsang
Summary: We propose a high-efficiency silicon microring modulator for next-generation optical transmitters operating at line rates above 300 Gb/s. The modulator supports high-order PAM-8 modulation up to 110 Gbaud (330 Gb/s) with a driving voltage of 1.8 V-pp. The dynamic energy consumption of the modulator is 3.1 fJ/bit, thanks to its small driving voltage and device capacitance. Comparing PAM-8 with ultrahigh baud rate PAM-4 of up to 130 Gbaud (260 Gb/s), we demonstrate that PAM-8 is better suited for 300-Gb/s lane rate operation in bandwidth-constrained short-reach systems.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Masum Hossain, Wendemagegnehu T. Beyene
Summary: This article explores various modulation and signaling techniques to achieve a 224-Gb/s link speed through electrical signaling. The focus is on comparing signaling options from performance and implementation complexity perspectives, with possible improvements needed for further speed and reach enhancements in electrical signaling.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Changho Hyun, Yong-Un Jeong, Suhwan Kim, Joo-Hyung Chae
Summary: This paper presents a method for preventing output level distortion while matching the channel impedance in a single-ended PAM-4 transmitter, achieving an energy efficiency of 3.09 pJ/bit/pin at 18 Gb/s/pin and an RLM of 0.971.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yinghao Chen, Yingmei Chen, Chao Guo, Wentian Fan, En Zhu, Zhengfei Hu
Summary: This paper presents a 4 x 25 Gb/s PAM4 MRM transmitter fabricated in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It utilizes multiple techniques to expand channel bandwidth and proposes a thermal control method to compensate for MRM temperature sensitivity.
MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Srinivasan Ashwyn Srinivasan, Joris Lambrecht, Davide Guermandi, Sebastien Lardenois, Mathias Berciano, Philippe Absil, Johan Bauwelinck, Xin Yin, Marianna Pantouvaki, Joris Van Campenhout
Summary: The study presents hybrid BiCMOS-Silicon photonics receivers with waveguide coupled Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes, demonstrating high optical modulation amplitude sensitivities at 50 Gb/s and 56 Gb/s. An in-depth analysis of receiver sensitivity is conducted to identify pathways for further improvements, paving the way for enhanced optical link margins.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
