Article
Immunology
Paul E. Sax, Jurgen K. Rockstroh, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Douglas Ward, Benoit Trottier, Armin Rieger, Hui Liu, Rima Acosta, Sean E. Collins, Diana M. Brainard, Hal Martin
Summary: The study findings suggest that B/F/TAF can replace DTG+ F/TAF or F/TDF for treating HIV-1 without compromising safety or efficacy, and is suitable for patients with NRTI resistance.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kwan Soo Byun, Jonggi Choi, Ji-Hoon Kim, Yung Sang Lee, Han Chu Lee, Yoon Jun Kim, Byung Chul Yoo, So Young Kwon, Geum-Youn Gwak, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: The study findings suggest that TAF may have better bone and renal safety profiles compared to TDF in patients with multidrug-resistant HBV, without compromising efficacy. However, concerns may arise due to increases in body weight and cholesterol levels with TAF treatment.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hideaki Okochi, Alexander Louie, Nhi Phung, Kevin Zhang, Regina M. Tallerico, Karen Kuncze, Matthew A. Spinelli, Catherine A. Koss, Leslie Z. Benet, Monica Gandhi
Summary: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are commonly used medications for HIV treatment and prevention, with similar concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) found in hair samples from individuals on both regimens. The study also demonstrated a sensitive analytical method for analyzing TFV and FTC in hair samples, providing a long-term measure of medication adherence.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jihye Lim, Won-Mook Choi, Ju Hyun Shim, Danbi Lee, Kang Mo Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Jonggi Choi
Summary: Real-world data suggests that TAF and TDF have comparable efficacies in treating CHB, with similar virological responses and ALT normalization, and no higher risk of HCC.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hye Yeon Chon, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn, Seung Up Kim
Summary: The study compared the effects of three antiviral agents on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and orthotopic liver transplantation or mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B. It was found that the outcomes of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide were statistically similar in treatment-naive patients with CHB.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Lilian Yan Liang, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Amy Shuk-Man Lam, Yee-Kit Tse, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of switching to TAF on ALT normalization and renal safety in CHB patients and described the indications for switching to TAF. The results showed that switching to TAF significantly reduced ALT levels and increased ALT normalization rate. TAF was found to be associated with improved ALT levels and better renal safety compared to TDF dominant therapy in CHB patients. The majority of CHB patients switched to TAF due to advanced age, followed by bone disease and renal alteration.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sofia Scevola, Arkaitz Imaz, Mackenzie L. Cottrell, Jordi Niubo, Brian Van Horne, Juan Tiraboschi, Maria Saumoy, Sandra Morenilla, Irene Soriano, Angela D. M. Kashuba, Daniel Podzamczer
Summary: Doravirine concentrations were found to be high in genital fluids of individuals living with HIV and switched to DOR + FTC/TAF treatment, and this treatment effectively maintained viral suppression in most participants except for one.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hidenori Toyoda, Jennifer Leong, Charles Landis, Masanori Atsukawa, Tsunamasa Watanabe, Daniel Q. Huang, Joanne Liu, Sabrina Xin Zi Quek, Toru Ishikawa, Taeang Arai, Keisuke Yokohama, Makoto Chuma, Koichi Takaguchi, Haruki Uojima, Tomonori Senoo, Hansen Dang, Mayumi Maeda, Joseph Hoang, Richard H. Le, Satoshi Yasuda, Khin N. Thin, Sally Tran, Nicholas Chien, Linda Henry, Akira Asai, Shinya Fukunishi, Ramsey Cheung, Seng Gee Lim, Huy N. Trinh, Mindie H. Nguyen
Summary: Following the switch to TAF, patients with chronic hepatitis B showed continued improvement in virologic response and ALT normalization, with no significant changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with chronic kidney disease at baseline also showed improvement in kidney function after switching to TAF.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hyung Joon Yim, Ji Hoon Kim, Yong Kyun Cho, Young Oh Kweon, Hyun Chin Cho, Jae Seok Hwang, Changhyeong Lee, Moon Soo Koh, Yang-Hyun Baek, Young-Min Park, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Seung Up Kim, Min-Kyu Kang, Neung Hwa Park, June Sung Lee, Young Eun Chon, Gab Jin Cheon, Hee Bok Chae, Joo Hyun Sohn, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: The study evaluated the antiviral effects and safety of switching from TDF to TD treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. TD was non-inferior to TDF in maintaining viral suppression in CHB patients, with less impact on renal function.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shahin Lockman, Sean S. Brummel, Lauren Ziemba, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Katie McCarthy, Anne Coletti, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Ben Johnston, Chelsea Krotje, Lee Fairlie, Risa M. Hoffman, Paul E. Sax, Sikhulile Moyo, Nahida Chakhtoura, Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Gaerolwe Masheto, Violet Korutaro, Haseena Cassim, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Esau Joao, Sherika Hanley, Lynette Purdue, Lewis B. Holmes, Jeremiah D. Momper, Roger L. Shapiro, Navdeep K. Thoofer, James F. Rooney, Lisa M. Frenkel, K. Rivet Amico, Lameck Chinula, Judith Currier
Summary: This study compared the safety and efficacy of three antiretroviral regimens started in pregnancy. The dolutegravir-containing regimens had superior virological efficacy at delivery compared with the efavirenz-containing regimen and the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimen. The dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate regimen had the lowest frequency of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes and of neonatal deaths.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daniel Podzamczer, Arkaitz Imaz, Ana Lopez-Lirola, Hernando Knobel, Mar Masia, Chiara Fanciulli, Cristina Hernandez, Maria Lagarde, Angela Gutierrez, Adria Curran, Luis Morano, Marta Montero-Alonso, Jesus Troya, Raul Rigo, Maria Casadella, Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz, Fernando Ardila, Mariona Parera, Enrique Bernal, Patricia Echeverria, Vicente Estrada, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Juan Macias, Paula Prieto, Joaquin Portilla, Eulalia Valencia, Maria Jesus Vivancos, Antonio Rivero
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a switching strategy using bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) plus darunavir/cobicistat in heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV. The results showed that this regimen was effective and well-tolerated, potentially improving convenience and long-term treatment success.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elena Bekerman, Stephanie Cox, Darius Babusis, Federico Campigotto, Moupali Das, Dan H. Barouch, Tomas Cihlar, Christian Callebaut
Summary: The study evaluated the protective efficacy of different dosages of PrEP and PEP schedules in an SHIV macaque model, with results showing over 95% risk reduction when initiating FTC/TAF PrEP 2 hours before exposure, and complete protection with FTC/TAF plus BIC as PrEP even when treatment was initiated up to 24 hours postexposure.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Baijun Li, Zhaozhe Liu, Xing Liu, Dongchun Liu, Mingyu Duan, Ye Gu, Qiong Liu, Qiang Ma, Yushi Wei, Yan Wang
Summary: The study demonstrated that both TAF and TDF effectively prevented mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B. TAF showed superiority in terms of renal safety and breastfeeding compared to TDF.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Martin Huliciak, Ivona Lhotska, Hana Kocova-Vlckova, Veronika Halodova, Tomas Dusek, Filip Cecka, Frantisek Staud, Ivan Vokral, Lukas Cerveny
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) on the intestinal uptake of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), and their metabolites, tenofovir isoproxil monoester (TEM) and tenofovir (TFV), and to investigate the molecular mechanism of drug-drug interaction (DDI) between sofosbuvir (SOF) and TDF/TAF. The results showed that ABCB1 significantly reduced the intestinal transport and uptake of TFV(TDF) and TFV(TAF)-equivalents. However, TDF and TAF were absorbed more efficiently than TFV and TEM. SOF did not inhibit the efflux of TDF and TAF from the intestines and did not affect the accumulation of TFV(TDF) and TFV(TAF)-equivalents, but it did increase the proportion of absorbed TDF.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jinlin Hou, Qin Ning, Zhongping Duan, You Chen, Qing Xie, Fu-Sheng Wang, Lunli Zhang, Shanming Wu, Hong Tang, Jun Li, Feng Lin, Yongfeng Yang, Guozhong Gong, John F. Flaherty, Anuj Gaggar, Shuyuan Mo, Cong Cheng, Gregory Camus, Chengwei Chen, Yan Huang, Jidong Jia, Mingxiang Zhang
Summary: In Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B, TAF treatment demonstrated efficacy similar to TDF after 3 years, but with improved renal and bone safety.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
David E. Tabor, Fiona Fernandes, Annefleur C. Langedijk, Deidre Wilkins, Robert Jan Lebbink, Andrey Tovchigrechko, Alexey Ruzin, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Hong Jin, Mark T. Esser, Louis J. Bont, Michael E. Abram
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) exhibits global molecular epidemiology among children, with RSV B predominating over RSV A globally and in most countries. Most RSV strains are from infants under 1 year of age, with a high proportion of male patients and no differences in subtype distribution.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xin Wang, You Li, Harish Nair, Harry Campbell
Summary: Early-life severe RSV infection is associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma and wheeze, and this association weakens over time. The association persists for 6 years in children whose first RSV infection occurs at 6-23 months, with adjusted hazard ratios of 3.9 (95% CI, 3.1-4.9) for the first 2 years, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.6-3.2) for 2 to <4 years, and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-2.9) for 4 to <6 years of follow-up. In contrast, the association is only significant for the first 2 years after first RSV infection in children aged 0-6 months.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ting Shi, Sophie Vennard, Francis Jasiewicz, Rory Brogden, Harish Nair
Summary: RSV-ARI in adults with comorbidities is a significant burden, with limited data available. This study estimated the incidence, hospitalization rate, and in-hospital case fatality ratio of RSV-ARI in this population, and found an association between the disease and any comorbidity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aine O'Toole, Oliver G. Pybus, Michael E. Abram, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Andrew Rambaut
Summary: The study investigates how SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages can be reliably designated using spike-only nucleotide sequences. While many lineages can be identified clearly with spike-only sequences, some sequences are shared among multiple lineages. The concept of lineage-sets is introduced to represent the range of Pango lineages consistent with observed mutations in spike sequences, providing a foundation for software tools to assign newly-generated sequences to lineage sets.
Article
Immunology
Koos Korsten, Niels Adriaenssens, Samuel Coenen, Chris C. Butler, Jean Yves Pircon, Theo J. M. Verheij, Louis J. Bont, Joanne G. Wildenbeest
Summary: Contact with preschool children living outside of the household increases the risk of respiratory tract infections in community-dwelling older adults. This risk is higher with more frequent contact. Approximately 10% of respiratory tract infections can be attributed to exposure to these children.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Koos Korsten, Niels Adriaenssens, Samuel Coenen, Chris C. Butler, Theo J. M. Verheij, Louis J. Bont, Joanne G. Wildenbeest
Summary: The accuracy of the influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition from the World Health Organization (WHO) in identifying acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults is uncertain. The ILI definition, which includes fever, underestimates the occurrence of RSV-ARTI. There is a need for a better approach to measure RSV disease occurrence and the impact of future RSV vaccine introduction.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xin Wang, You Li, Liliana Vazquez Fernandez, Anne C. Teirlinck, Toni Lehtonen, Maarten van Wijhe, Luca Stona, Mathieu Bangert, Rachel M. Reeves, Hakon Boas, Michiel van Boven, Terho Heikkinen, Caroline Klint Johannesen, Eugenio Baraldi, Daniele Dona, Sabine Tong, Harry Campbell
Summary: A study has found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in young children. Prevention therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccines can help reduce the number of bed days due to RSV-associated respiratory tract infections in infants. When developing RSV immunization schedules, high-risk birth months should be taken into consideration.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Roy P. Zuurbier, Koos Korsten, Theo J. M. Verheij, Chris Butler, Niels Adriaenssens, Samuel Coenen, Olivier Gruselle, Valerie Vantomme, Marlies A. van Houten, Louis J. Bont, Joanne G. Wildenbeest
Summary: The study compared the performance of Xpert (R) Xpress Flu/RSV assay with real-time RT-PCR in detecting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in home-dwelling older adults. The Xpert (R) Xpress Flu/RSV assay showed high positive percentage agreement (PPA) for RSV detection in older adults, with fast and easy point-of-care use.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yueh-Ming Loo, Patrick M. McTamney, Rosalinda H. Arends, Michael E. Abram, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Seme Diallo, Daniel J. Flores, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Kuishu Ren, Richard Roque, Kim Rosenthal, Katie Streicher, Kevin M. Tuffy, Nicholas J. Bond, Owen Cornwell, Jerome Bouquet, Lily Cheng, James Dunyak, Yue Huang, Anton Rosenbaum, Venkatesh Pilla Reddy, Hanne Andersen, Robert H. Carnahan, James E. Crowe, Ana Kuehne, Andrew S. Herbert, John M. Dye, Helen Bright, Nicole L. Kallewaard, Menelas N. Pangalos, Mark T. Esser
Summary: AZD7442, a combination of two monoclonal antibodies, has the potential to prevent and treat COVID-19 by neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It has shown encouraging results in preventing infection and accelerating virus clearance in animal models. The ongoing phase 1 study has also demonstrated its ability to provide long-lasting protection in healthy participants. This research is significant in providing additional options for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiao Li, Joke Bilcke, Liliana Vazquez Fernandez, Louis Bont, Lander Willem, Torbjorn Wisloff, Mark Jit, Philippe Beutels
Summary: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of RSV disease prevention strategies, including year-round maternal immunization and seasonal monoclonal antibody (mAb) programs. The findings showed that a 4-month mAb program for neonates born in November to February is the cost-effective strategy for willingness to pay (WTP) values up to 40,000 Norwegian kroner per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. For higher WTP values, a longer 6-month mAb program that immunizes neonates from October to March becomes cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses revealed that year-round maternal immunization can be cost-effective if priced lower than mAb. The timing and duration of the cost-effective seasonal program are sensitive to the pattern of the RSV season in a country, emphasizing the importance of continued RSV surveillance data.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Rachel M. Reeves, Maarten van Wijhe, Toni Lehtonen, Luca Stona, Anne C. Teirlinck, Liliana Vazquez Fernandez, You Li, Richard Osei-Yeboah, Thea K. Fischer, Terho Heikkinen, Michiel van Boven, Hakon Boas, Daniele Dona, Elisa Barbieri, Harry Campbell
Summary: This systematic review aimed to identify clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection across Europe. The study found discrepancies in recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis for premature infants and children with various diseases. The study recommends that agencies adopt the RIGHT reporting requirements to improve the presentation of evidence-based decisions.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tyler Brady, Tianhui Zhang, Kevin M. Tuffy, Nantaporn Haskins, Qun Du, Jia Lin, Gilad Kaplan, Steven Novick, Tiffany L. Roe, Kuishu Ren, Kim Rosenthal, Patrick M. McTamney, Michael E. Abram, Katie Streicher, Elizabeth J. Kelly
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants can lead to breakthrough infections and resistance to immune therapies. A BLI assay was developed to evaluate the reliability of screening these variants against monoclonal antibodies. The assay showed good performance, but the use of full immunoglobulins limited its utility, while antibody fragments could be a rapid and high-throughput screening method for variants.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deidre Wilkins, Yuan Yuan, Yue Chang, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Beatriz Seoane Nunez, Ulrika Wahlby-Hamren, Tianhui Zhang, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, Tonya Villafana, Mark T. Esser
Summary: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody that provides sustained, high levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) while allowing the development of an immune response. It effectively protects infants from RSV disease throughout their first RSV season and has similar seroresponse rates compared with placebo recipients. It is likely due to the prolonged persistence of nirsevimab at elevated levels that leads to this observed protection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bahar Ahani, Kevin M. Tuffy, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Deidre Wilkins, Michael E. Abram, Ron Dagan, Joseph B. Domachowske, Johnathan D. Guest, Hong Ji, Anna Kushnir, Amanda Leach, Shabir A. Madhi, Vaishali S. Mankad, Eric A. F. Simoes, Benjamin Sparklin, Scott D. Speer, Ann Marie Stanley, David E. Tabor, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Tonya Villafana
Summary: In this study, researchers analyzed RSV infections and found that the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab remains highly effective, with over 99% of isolates retaining susceptibility to it.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)