4.3 Article

Size and shape of graphene layers in commercial carbon blacks established by Debye refinement

Journal

JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Volume 49, Issue -, Pages 24-30

Publisher

INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
DOI: 10.1107/S1600576715021378

Keywords

graphene; powder diffraction; Debye equation

Funding

  1. EPSRC
  2. SUPERGEN project
  3. EPSRC [EP/H003819/1, EP/L019469/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  4. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H003819/1, EP/L019469/1] Funding Source: researchfish

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The size and the shape of graphene layers in commercial conductive carbon blacks, Super P and Super S, have been determined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Using a refinement procedure based on the fundamental diffraction equation of Debye, it is shown that the ordered regions within the layers of both materials are of elliptical shape, curved in a cylindrical fashion along the longer axis of the ellipse. The regions are greater in Super P, ellipse axes 5.4 and 2.2 nm, than in Super S, 4.6 and 2.1 nm, and less curved (curvature radii 12.7 and 11.7 nm, respectively). There is no crystallographic registry between layers, which are equidistantly stacked into concentric groups of six or seven, on average.

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