Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00134
Keywords
AIDS; elite controllers; CD4(+) T-cells; suppressive/regulatory CD8(+) T-cells; NK cells; HLA-B: Bw4-80IIe gene; KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells; HIV-1 suppression assay
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Funding
- Biovaxim Ltd. (Finsgate 5-7 Cranwood Street, London, UK)
- Universite Paris Descartes (12 rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Development (44 boulevard de Dunkerque, Marseille, France)
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We previously demonstrated in the Chinese macaque model that an oral vaccine made of inactivated SIV and Lactobacillus plantarum induced CD8(+) regulatory T-cells, which suppressed the activation of SIV(+)CD4(+) T-cells, prevented SIV replication, and protected macaques from SIV challenges. Here, we sought whether a similar population of CD8(+) T-regs would induce the suppression of HIV replication in elite controllers (ECs), a small population (3 parts per thousand) of HIV-infected patients with undetectable HIV replication. For that purpose, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of fresh CD8(+) T-cells on HIV-infected CD4(+) T-cells taken from 10 ECs. The 10 ECs had a classical genomic profile: all of them carried the KIR3DL1 gene and 9 carried at least 1 allele of HLA-B:Bw4-80IIe (i.e., with an isoleucine residue at position 80). In the nine HLA-B:Bw4-80IIe-positive patients, we demonstrated a strong viral suppression by KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells that required cell-to-cell contact to switch off the activation signals in infected CD4(+) T-cells. KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells withdrawal and KIR3DL1 neutralization by a specific anti-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) antibody inhibited the suppression of viral replication. Our findings provide the first evidence for an instrumental role of KIR-expressing CD8(+) regulatory T-cells in the natural control of HIV-1 infection.
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