Article
Immunology
Allison M. Owen, Liming Luan, Katherine R. R. Burelbach, Margaret A. A. McBride, Cody L. L. Stothers, Olivia A. A. Boykin, Kalkena Sivanesam, Jessica F. F. Schaedel, Tazeen K. K. Patil, Jingbin Wang, Antonio Hernandez, Naeem K. K. Patil, Edward R. R. Sherwood, Julia K. K. Bohannon
Summary: Immunocompromised populations are at high risk of life-threatening infections, and strategies to protect these patients are urgently needed. This study explores the use of trained immunity, which enhances the immune response to subsequent infections, as a promising approach. The researchers demonstrate that the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays a critical role in TLR-mediated trained immunity, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshimasa Shimizu, Hideki Nakamura, Atsushi Kawakami
Summary: Sjogren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, involving adaptive immune response and type I interferon signature. Innate immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huanyu Jiang, Yubiao Zhang, Geliang Hu, Xiaobin Shang, Jianghua Ming, Ming Deng, Yaming Li, Yonggang Ma, Shiqing Liu, Yan Zhou
Summary: The study reveals the important role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in regulating inflammation and immune response in osteoarthritis (OA). SP-D exhibits chondroprotective properties by downregulating inflammation-related genes, suppressing cytokine production, and reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells. The binding of SP-D to the TLR4/MD-2 complex further inhibits TLR4-mediated signaling activation. These findings suggest that SP-D has a beneficial effect in attenuating inflammation and preserving cartilage integrity in OA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Edward J. Wladis, Alejandro P. Adam
Summary: Rosacea is a common chronic skin disease that predominantly affects people aged 40 and above, with no current cure. When it affects the eyelids and periocular skin, it can lead to dry eye and potential corneal damage. Research in the past decade has shed light on potential mechanisms leading to skin hypersensitivity and has provided promising avenues for development of novel therapeutics aimed at reducing skin inflammation.
Review
Immunology
Kensuke Miyake, Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh, Ryutaro Fukui, Takuma Shibata, Ryota Sato, Yusuke Murakami
Summary: Nucleic-acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mature through specific processes in the endosomal compartment, where they are activated to initiate immune responses. In the endosomal compartment, DNA and RNA are degraded into ligands that activate corresponding TLRs, controlling immune responses in the endosomal compartment. NA-sensing TLRs and the endosomal compartment work together to monitor environmental cues and decide whether to launch innate immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinta Asami, Toshiyuki Shimizu
Summary: TLRs are crucial in recognizing pathogenic molecular patterns and initiating immune responses. Recent advances in structural and mechanistic studies have provided insights into the activation and inhibition mechanisms of TLRs, enhancing our understanding of their functional properties.
Article
Fisheries
Hansam Cho, Ki Hoon Park, Yuyeon Jang, Yeondong Cho, Yoon-Ki Heo, Minjee Kim, Young Bong Kim
Summary: Outbreaks of infectious disease in shrimp pose a serious threat to shrimp agriculture worldwide. Shrimp lack adaptive immunity and rely solely on innate immunity for defense against infectious disease. Toll-like receptors play a critical role in the shrimp innate immune system, with the identification of a new Toll-like receptor gene (MnToll) in Macrobrachium nipponense potentially involved in defense against WSSV.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Luke S. Uebelhoer, Agnes Gwela, Bonnie Thiel, Sophie Nalukwago, John Mukisa, Christopher Lwanga, Justine Getonto, Emily Nyatichi, Grace Dena, Alexander Makazi, Shalton Mwaringa, Ezekiel Mupere, James A. Berkley, Christina L. Lancioni, Childhood Acute Illness
Summary: Severely ill children in low- and middle-income countries experience high mortality rates from infectious diseases, and the risk of infection-related death is compounded by undernutrition. This study found that T cell function is impaired and innate immune responses are exaggerated in acutely ill children. Nutritional status is associated with the magnitude of cytokine responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of innate immune dysregulation in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yuhao Jiao, Zhiyu Yan, Aiming Yang
Summary: Autoimmune diseases involve complex immune response alterations, with the exact pathogenesis remaining unclear. Recent research has focused on the functions of mitochondria, which play crucial roles in cell differentiation, maturation, and death. This review summarizes the role of mitochondria in the innate immune response and its dysfunction in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, with a focus on its impact on cellular metabolism and regulation of immune signaling pathways. Additionally, potential therapeutic targets in mitochondrial regulation for autoimmune diseases are discussed, highlighting the need for further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kensuke Miyake, Takuma Shibata, Ryutaro Fukui, Ryota Sato, Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh, Yusuke Murakami
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) respond to pathogen constituents by recognizing and degrading nucleic acids with the help of nucleases. However, these nucleases also negatively regulate TLR responses by degrading ligands. Dysregulation of nucleic acid metabolism in endosomal compartments drives TLR-dependent pathologies in human diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yanqin Du, Jun Wu, Jia Liu, Xin Zheng, Dongliang Yang, Mengji Lu
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global burden, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immune response. However, HBV has developed strategies to inhibit TLR responses, limiting host immune response and promoting viral persistence. Recent studies indicate that stimulation of TLR signaling pathway enhances host immune response and suppresses HBV replication. These findings provide important insights for the use of TLR agonists as immunomodulators in the functional cure of HBV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Liselotte E. E. Jensen
Summary: Pellino proteins are important ubiquitin ligases in intracellular signaling involved in immune responses. Viruses can target Pellino proteins to evade the immune system. Mouse models of viral infections have shown both beneficial and detrimental effects of Pellino proteins on immune responses. This review highlights the diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis associated with Pellino proteins and emphasizes the need for further research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: This review discusses the importance of TLR responses in HCV infection and the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ella A. Zuiderwijk-Sick, Celine van der Putten, Raissa Timmerman, Jennifer Veth, Erica M. Pasini, Linda van Straalen, Paul van der Valk, Sandra Amor, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic
Summary: Exposure to IL-4 induces changes in the cell surface protein expression profile of primary rhesus macaque microglia and enhances their potential to induce proliferation of T cells with a regulatory signature. Additionally, IL-4 exposure broadly impairs TLR-induced cytokine production and inhibits microglial innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lijuan Liu, Zhou Zhou, Yi Hong, Keyang Jiang, Lingzi Yu, Xiaochen Xie, Yuling Mi, Shu Jeffrey Zhu, Caiqiao Zhang, Jian Li
Summary: HyLine Hens are known for their excellent laying performance, while ZhenNing Hens are known for their unique flavor. The unique intestinal mucosa morphology in ZhenNing Hens is characterized by higher abundance of intestinal Lactobacillus, which contributes to increased villus wrinkles and improved intestinal absorption. Transplanting these Lactobacilli to HyLine Hens could potentially increase their intestinal probiotics abundance, adjust the intestinal stem cell function, promote epithelial proliferation, and increase villus winkles and mucosal absorption area.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chenchen Fan, James Lam, Xiaochen Xie, Panshuo Li
Summary: This article addresses the stability and stabilization of almost periodic piecewise linear systems (APPLSs) with uncertain dwell time of subsystems. A novel mixed-mode time-varying Lyapunov function is constructed, considering the uncertainty in dwell time for the first time. A sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the exponential stability of the system, where the switching instants over each period are unknown and inaccessible except their bounds. Additionally, a periodic time-scheduled state-feedback control approach is developed to stabilize the APPLS affected by dwell time uncertainty and possibly unstabilizable subsystem dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example involving comparative case studies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaochen Xie, Longyu Wang, Lixin Ma
Summary: In this study, a new Argonaute protein called TsAgo was identified from Tepiditoga spiralis. TsAgo, similar to other reported proteins, prefers 5'OH-gRNA. It has been shown that TsAgo has DNA and RNA cleavage activity, can tolerate mismatches in certain regions of guides, and exhibits a stronger binding affinity for 5'OH-gRNA. Importantly, TsAgo can function as an RNA-guided programmable nuclease to cut plasmid DNA at high temperatures.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiaren Xiao, Quanyu Dai, Xiaochen Xie, Qi Dou, Ka-Wai Kwok, James Lam
Summary: In this study, we propose a domain adaptive graph infomax method that computes node representations through neighborhood aggregation and maximizes mutual information between node representations and global summaries to encode global structural information. Conditional adversarial networks are used to reduce the domain discrepancy by aligning the multimodal distributions of node representations. Experimental results on real-world datasets validate the performance of our method in comparison with state-of-the-art baselines.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Economics
Xin Cui, Chunfeng Wang, Ahmet Sensoy, Jing Liao, Xiaochen Xie
Summary: Economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on corporate green innovation, which is exacerbated by financial constraints and mitigated by government environmental subsidies. The negative relationship between economic policy uncertainty and green innovation is more salient in privately owned enterprises, firms with less industry competition, and regions with weak intellectual property protection.
ECONOMIC MODELLING
(2023)
Article
Business
Shouyu Yao, Xiaochen Xie, Sabri Boubaker, Ahmet Sensoy, Feiyang Cheng
Summary: This paper focuses on corporate opportunistic earnings management behavior under the unknown unknowns framework caused by Knightian uncertainty. The study finds that as market Knightian uncertainty increases, corporations significantly adopt both accrual earnings management and real earnings management. Moreover, compared with upward earnings management, Knightian uncertainty leads to more downward earnings management by corporations.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Xiaomei Wang, Jing Dai, Hon-Sing Tong, Kui Wang, Ge Fang, Xiaochen Xie, Yun-Hui Liu, Kwok Wai Samuel Au, Ka-Wai Kwok
Summary: Image processing enhances the practical value of the eye-in-hand camera for quantitative measurement. This article proposes a fusion of visual information and sparse strain data collected from fiber Bragg gratings to improve continuum robot pose estimation. The integration of the proposed F-emp pose estimation method reduces sensing limitations caused by visual obstacles and lighting variations. A hybrid controller combining kinematics and data-driven algorithms achieves fast convergence and high accuracy using the fused pose feedback. The online-learning error compensator significantly improves target tracking performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jiaren Xiao, Quanyu Dai, Xiaochen Xie, James Lam, Ka-Wai Kwok
Summary: The high cost of data labeling results in node label shortage. To address this, a graph-based semi-supervised learning method is proposed, which leverages unlabeled nodes to train together with scarce labeled nodes. An attention-based aggregator is designed to generate node representations by aggregating information from neighboring nodes, and adversarial training is employed to improve robustness and generalization.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yingxi Xu, Chenyan Li, Weiwei Wang, Xiaohui Yu, Aihua Liu, Yang Shi, Xiaochen Xie, Jiashu Li, Yongze Li, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng, Yushu Li
Summary: This study compared pregnancy outcomes of patients with gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) and Graves' disease (GD) in the first trimester. The results showed that the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was higher in the GTT group compared to the normal thyroid function (NTF) group. The untreated and treated GD groups had a higher risk of premature delivery, gestational hypertension, and miscarriage compared to the NTF group. Early diagnosis of GTT and GD, as well as appropriate treatment for GD, may improve pregnancy outcomes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiaxi Li, Xiaowen Zhang, Lintong Li, Qiaoling Zhu, Weihong Ge, Cheng Ji
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for granulocytopenia caused by antithyroid drugs. The results showed that female sex, higher ALT levels before medication, and lower NLR and WBC levels were independent risk factors for granulocytopenia in patients treated with antithyroid drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jie Sun, Jie Liu, Ting-ting Wu, Zhi-yuan Gu, Xiao-wen Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in Chinese patients with thyroid nodules (TNs). The results showed that central indices of thyroid hormone sensitivity were positively associated with PTC risk, while peripheral sensitivity was negatively associated. These sensitivity indices can be used as new indicators for predicting PTC in Chinese patients with TNs.
BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Xin Cui, Tingting Ma, Xiaochen Xie, John W. Goodell
Summary: We examine the impact of uncertainty of uncertainty (UOU) on corporate accounting conservatism and find a positive association. Mechanism analysis reveals that under UOU, creditors' demand for real information drives an increase in accounting conservatism. Further analysis shows that the effect of UOU is more pronounced in non-SOEs and firms with weak external monitoring mechanisms. Our study highlights the significant role of contract demand in corporate governance under uncertainty about levels of uncertainty.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Zili Meng, Ying Chen, Ting Yang, Bo Sun, Chao Luo, Guihong Wei, Xiaochen Xie, Yang Gu, Ning Ding, Xilong Zhang, Jing Xu
Summary: This study aimed to assess the antihypertensive effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and untreated hypertension, considering the obstructive respiratory event-triggered blood pressure surge. The results showed that patients in the high blood pressure surge group had a more significant decrease in blood pressure, especially in asleep systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the high blood pressure surge index was significantly associated with blood pressure decrease during CPAP treatment.
BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaowen Zhang, Yong Wang, Hongwei Wang, Xinlin Zhang
Summary: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction remained relatively stable in the United States, with a decrease in overt dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with higher mortality in individuals aged 65 years or older.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ge Fang, Xiaomei Wang, Justin D. L. Ho, Kui Wang, Chun-Kit Chow, Kit-Hang Lee, Xiaochen Xie, Wai Lun Tang, Liyuan Liang, Hing-Chiu Chang, Chun-Jung Juan, Yun-hui Liu, Jason Ying-Kuen Chan, Ka-Wai Kwok
Summary: Soft manipulators integrated with optical laser fibers offer new opportunities for endoscopic noncontact laser surgery. A visual servo controller that allows automatic laser spot steering using soft manipulators is proposed. Experimental validation demonstrates accurate path following and laser ablation pattern.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2022)
