Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
N. G. Wilkinson, R. T. Kopulos, L. M. Yates, W. E. Bribes, R. L. Taylor
Summary: Recombination of chicken major his-tocompatibility complex (MHC) class I BF and class IV BG genes leads to new arrangements, revealing genes or gene regions that contribute to immunity. Through 10 backcrosses, genetically uniform congenic lines were created. The study showed that Line 003.R5, with the BF21 allele, had a stronger immune response against RSV tumors compared to other congenic lines.
Article
Biology
Krishan K. Pandey, Sibes Bera, Ke Shi, Michael J. Rau, Amarachi V. Oleru, James A. J. Fitzpatrick, Alan N. Engelman, Hideki Aihara, Duane P. Grandgenett
Summary: Pandey, Bera, Shi et al. reported the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Rous sarcoma virus octameric intasome complex stabilized by a HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. This new structure highlighted the intrinsic flexibility of the distal integrase subunits and proposed ordered conformational transitions within the conserved intasome core during the assembly process.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Francoise Chaminade, Jean-Luc Darlix, Philippe Fosse
Summary: Retroviruses package their genomic RNA as non-covalently linked dimers, and the nucleocapsid protein (NC) plays an important role in this process. This study found that internal loops are necessary for efficient dimer formation, and destabilization of the lower stem of the RNA is needed for dimerization. The length of the apical stem also affects the formation of extended dimers.
Article
Microbiology
Shuliang Chen, Sameer Kumar, Constanza E. Espada, Nagaraja Tirumuru, Michael P. Cahill, Lulu Hu, Chuan He, Li Wu
Summary: This study highlights the role of m(6)A modifications of HIV-1 RNA in suppressing IFN-I expression in myeloid cells, with the cellular protein RIG-I contributing to innate sensing of m(6)A-defective HIV-1 RNA. Modulation of m(6)A levels in HIV-1 RNA alters the innate immune responses in myeloid cells, suggesting an evasion mechanism of innate immune sensing by m(6)A modifications.
Article
Microbiology
Kohei Nishikaku, Takahiro Yonezawa, Masahide Nishibori, Masashi Harada, Fuki Kawaguchi, Shinji Sasazaki, Yasushi Torii, Kazuhiko Imakawa, Kuniko Kawai, Jianquan Liu, Hideyuki Mannen, Tomoko Kobayashi
Summary: This study provides evidence for the origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) through the analysis of sequences from Asian native cattle and bats. The results suggest that BLV likely originated in Asia and spread to South America and Europe through international trade of live cattle. Zebu cattle played a major role in the early origin of BLV, while taurine cattle were significant in its worldwide transmission. Additionally, ancient BLV-related deltaretroviruses appear to have circulated in Asia before the emergence of BLV.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Elliott S. Chiu, Sue VandeWoude
Summary: ERVs serve as markers of ancient viral infections, providing insight into host and viral evolution. They have evolved to assist in performing basic biological functions. Some ERVs share high nucleotide similarity with XRV progenitors, leading to interactions such as recombination, immune self-tolerance induction, antigen interference, and both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 9, 2021
(2021)
Article
Virology
Janos Andras Motyan, Norbert Kassay, Krisztina Matuz, Jozsef Tozser
Summary: The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the human T-lymphothropic viruses (HTLVs) belong to the deltaretrovirus genus of Retroviridae family. Their viral protease (PR) is an important therapeutic target for anti-retroviral drugs. Compared to HIV, the PRs of BLV and HTLV are more conserved and have lower mutation tolerance.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sunanda Paul, Momi Saikia, Supriyo Chakraborty
Summary: MicroRNAs are small, evolutionarily conserved regulatory RNA molecules that play a role in regulating various cellular activities and pathways. Viral miRNAs are smaller, less conserved, and less stable compared to miRNAs from other organisms. This study focuses on predicting potential miRNAs, secondary structures, and targets of Rous sarcoma virus miRNA for better understanding its regulatory network in sarcoma formation.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca Kaddis Maldonado, Gregory S. Lambert, Breanna L. Rice, Malgorzata Sudol, John M. Flanagan, Leslie J. Parent
Summary: Biomolecular condensates (BMCs) are important for cellular structures and play roles in various cellular processes. They selectively concentrate proteins and macromolecules, creating a favorable environment for specific reactions. Their formation and properties are essential for viral replication as well.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathaniel Talledge, Huixin Yang, Ke Shi, Raffaele Coray, Guichuan Yu, William G. Arndt, Shuyu Meng, Gloria C. Baxter, Luiza M. Mendonca, Daniel Castano-Diez, Hideki Aihara, Louis M. Mansky, Wei Zhang
Summary: The morphology of HIV-2 immature particles consists of a distinct and extensive Gag lattice structure. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the 3D organization of the HIV-2 Gag lattice was determined, revealing a stable wineglass-shaped structure. Cryo-electron tomography showed nearly complete ordered Gag lattice structures in HIV-2 immature particles. Additionally, the crystal structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the HIV-2 capsid protein identified a structured helix 12, which plays a critical role in particle release and infectivity.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George R. Young, Aaron K. W. Ferron, Veera Panova, Urszula Eksmond, Peter L. Oliver, George Kassiotis, Jonathan P. Stoye
Summary: Inbred mice genomes contain around 50 endogenous murine leukemia virus (MLV) loci, with the Gv1 locus being important for controlling MLV transcription and cell-surface presentation of the G(IX) antigen. Zfp998 gene is identified as Gv1 and is essential for determining the G(IX)(+) phenotype, highlighting its role in epigenetic suppression of endogenous MLVs and control of endogenous retroviruses.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James C. V. Stacey, Aaron Tan, John M. Lu, Leo C. James, Robert A. Dick, John A. G. Briggs
Summary: Using single-particle cryoEM, researchers have determined the structure of the mature HIV-1 CA pentamer and hexamer from conical CA-IP6 polyhedra. Comparison of these structures revealed that the conical HIV-1 capsid has different host-protein binding properties at different positions on its surface, which may facilitate cell entry and represent an evolutionary advantage of conical morphology.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinyi Li, Yuntong Chen, Mengmeng Yu, Suyan Wang, Peng Liu, Lingzhai Meng, Ru Guo, Xiaoyan Feng, Mingxue Hu, Tana He, Xiaole Qi, Kai Li, Li Gao, Yanping Zhang, Changjun Liu, Hongyu Cui, Xiaomei Wang, Yulong Gao
Summary: This study identified the C-terminal loop of the LDL-A module of Tva as the minimal functional domain that directly interacts with gp85, the surface component of the ALV-K envelope protein. Certain key residues E53, L55, H59, and G70 on the surface of Tva were found to facilitate the binding of Tva and gp85 and the entry of ALV-K.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Charbel Akkawi, Jerome Feuillard, Felipe Leon Diaz, Khalid Belkhir, Nelly Godefroy, Jean-Marie Peloponese, Marylene Mougel, Sebastien Laine
Summary: For the first time, this study reveals that the P50 protein from SDARE acts as an accessory protein that transregulates transcription and induces cell transformation. The role of P50 in cell transformation was confirmed, and transcriptomic analysis showed that P50 expression deregulates the expression of hundreds of cellular RNAs involved in cancerogenesis.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Muzajjad Gozal Goffar, Vipin Kumar Deo, Tatsuya Kato, Enoch Y. Park
Summary: Rous sarcoma virus-like particles (RSV-LPs) displaying hemagglutinins of H1N1 and H5N1 were successfully produced, and silkworm larvae were found to be a promising tool for the production of bivalent enveloped VLPs for vaccine platforms.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2022)