Article
Neurosciences
Weiliang Chen, Chunyu Yao, Shengwen Li, Hongguang Huang, Zujian Zhu, Rui Chen, Wen Su, Xiao Huang, Lisheng Xu, Kaijie Sun, Jiannan Song, Rongcai Jiang, Guanjun Wang
Summary: This study aims to elucidate the specific type and severity of cognitive impairment in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) with favorable outcome. By evaluating the neurocognition of 46 DAI patients, it was found that 38 patients had cognitive impairment. The results showed that different grades of DAI caused different domains of cognitive impairment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dan Benjamini, Diego Iacono, Michal E. Komlosh, Daniel P. Perl, David L. Brody, Peter J. Basser
Summary: The study focused on investigating the changes in different MRI parameters related to DAI in traumatic brain injury, using a combination of MRI and histopathology. The results suggest that multidimensional MRI can effectively differentiate the severity of axonal injury and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for DAI detection.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shih-Shan Lang, Todd Kilbaugh, Stuart Friess, Susan Sotardi, Chong Tae Kim, Vanessa Mazandi, Bingqing Zhang, Phillip B. Storm, Gregory G. Heuer, Alexander Tucker, Steve B. Ampah, Heather Griffis, Ramesh Raghupathi, Jimmy W. Huh
Summary: This study reviewed 56 pediatric patients with severe traumatic DAI, showing that early fever and extensive DAI on MRI were associated with worse long-term outcomes. The majority of surviving children were followed up to 10 years post-injury, and 71% of them made a favorable recovery.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Marjaana Raukola-Lindblom, Linda Ljungqvist, Timo Kurki, Olli Tenovuo, Marja Laasonen
Summary: Individuals with moderate to severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI) often exhibit cognitive-linguistic deficits and report higher levels of fatigue compared to healthy controls. Some cognitive-linguistic variables were found to be associated with the degree of self-reported fatigue.
Review
Neurosciences
Justin L. Krieg, Anna V. Leonard, Renee J. Turner, Frances Corrigan, Caroline Schnakers
Summary: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a significant feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with different cytoskeletal components and temporal patterns. Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the most sensitive marker for axonal injury, but there are other types of axonal injury that cannot be detected using APP immunoreactivity. Recent research has identified the nodes of Ranvier and the axon initial segment as particularly vulnerable to axonal injury.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fabiola Bezerra de Carvalho Macruz, Fabricio Stewan Feltrin, Ana Zaninotto, Vinicius Monteiro de Paula Guirado, Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy, Miriam Harumi Tsunemi, Mariana Penteado Nucci, Carolina Rimkus, Celi Santos Andrade, Claudia da Costa Leite
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the brain and their correlation with neuropsychological results after traumatic brain injury (DAI). The findings showed a progressive axonal/myelinic rarefaction and volume loss up to 1 year after the trauma, but specific neuropsychological tests revealed improvements in episodic verbal memory, attention, and executive function.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Anna M. Janas, FeiFei Qin, Scott Hamilton, Bin Jiang, Nicole Baier, Max Wintermark, Zachary Threlkeld, Sarah Lee
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between DAI grade in early MRI and functional outcomes in children with moderate-severe TBI, finding that a higher DAI grade was associated with worse outcomes. However, the DAI grade did not significantly improve outcome prediction when controlling for core clinical variables. Further research is needed to clarify the utility of early MRI in children with msTBI.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Zhibo Du, Peng Wang, Peng Luo, Zhou Fei, Zhuo Zhuang, Zhanli Liu
Summary: In this study, a multilayer head model was constructed to investigate the mechanical mechanism and indicator of axonal deformation-induced injury under blast-type acceleration. The research found that diffuse axonal injury (DAI) under blast-type acceleration overload is mainly caused by the rapid axonal deformation instead of by the excessive axonal strain. This provides insights for understanding and diagnosing blast-induced DAI.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauro Palmieri, Alessandro Frati, Antonio Santoro, Paola Frati, Vittorio Fineschi, Alessandro Pesce
Summary: Identifying clinical prognostic factors for diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is crucial, including glycemia, early GCS, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and time to recover consciousness. Severity of the lesion, based on cerebral anatomical structures involved, is strongly correlated with survival after DAI. Additionally, biomarkers such as GFAP, pNF-H, NF-L, tau, and A beta 42 may be potential targets for future pharmaceutical treatments to prevent DAI-related damages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark Pavlichenko, Audrey D. Lafrenaye
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern, but our understanding of its diffuse pathologies is limited. In this study, the researchers used a micro pig CFPI model to investigate the potential scalability of these pathologies in a species with similarities to humans. The results showed a positive correlation between axonal injury and microglia activation in specific brain regions. Additionally, the study demonstrated the viability of long-term refrigeration storage for immunofluorescent labeling. This study suggests that the micro pig CFPI model can be a valuable tool for studying diffuse pathologies following TBI.
Article
Neurosciences
Jiao Mu, Tingting Wang, Meiyu Li, Teng Guan, Ying Guo, Xiaoli Zhang, Guohui Zhang, Jiming Kong
Summary: Ketone bodies from the ketogenic diet can protect myelin-forming cells and reduce axonal damage by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission and promoting mitochondrial fusion. This dietary intervention reduced demyelination and axonal damage following DAI, and in an in vitro model, it promoted myelination and reduced axonal degeneration.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yu H. Zhong, Bi E. Zheng, Ren H. He, Zhou Zhou, Sheng Q. Zhang, Yi Wei, Jian Z. Fan
Summary: This study found that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with the occurrence and prognosis of DAI in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Plasma levels of HDL-C may serve as a useful addition to predicting the presence and prognosis of DAI on subsequent MRI following TBI.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryo Ueda, Hiroyoshi Hara, Junichi Hata, Atsushi Senoo
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of white matter tract degeneration in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) using automated tractography. Both DAI and MTBI were found to exhibit axonal degeneration in a scattered manner. DAI patients showed more pronounced axonal degeneration in the ampulla of the corpus callosum compared to MTBI patients, and the two conditions could be accurately distinguished using DTI.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefania Longo, Camilla Caporali, Camilla Pisoni, Alessandro Borghesi, Gianfranco Perotti, Giovanna Tritto, Ivana Olivieri, Roberta La Piana, Davide Tonduti, Alice Decio, Giada Ariaudo, Silvia Spairani, Cecilia Naboni, Barbara Gardella, Arsenio Spinillo, Federica Manzoni, Carmine Tinelli, Mauro Stronati, Simona Orcesi
Summary: The study describes the neurodevelopmental outcomes in 502 Italian preterm very low birth weight infants at 24 months of corrected age, with findings suggesting that factors such as male gender, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, abnormal neurological assessment, and severe brain ultrasound abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Qi-Jun Xie, Wu Huang, Liang Shen, Ming-Hai Wang, Ke-Feng Liu, Fang Liu
Summary: The combination of NLR and admission GCS score has independent prognostic value in DAI patients, with high NLR levels being associated with unfavorable outcomes. The combination of NLR and admission GCS score provides superior predictive capacity compared to NLR or GCS alone.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)