Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Soroush Sepehri, Mahmoud Mosavi Mashhadi, Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi
Summary: In this study, the modified strain gradient theory is used for the first time to model two-dimensional micro-lattices of functionally graded materials. The effect of the functionally graded distribution of materials on the wave propagation and wave filtering performances of these structures is investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Xinte Wang, Juan Liu, Biao Hu, Bo Zhang, Huoming Shen
Summary: This study investigates the wave propagation characteristics of porous nanoshells made of barium titanate and cobalt ferrite, with simulated porosity distribution and the use of nonlocal strain gradient theory and first-order shear deformation theory. Various parameters, such as dimensionless scale parameters and bi-directional functionally graded indices, are examined to understand their influence on wave propagation characteristics. The findings suggest that the dispersion relationship is related to the ratio of scale parameters, and the wave propagation characteristics depend on the bi-directional functionally graded indices.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITION
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Jiayin Dai, Yongshou Liu, Guojun Tong
Summary: This article investigated the wave propagation characteristics of functionally graded nanotubes, finding that a smaller exponent n in the volume fraction function leads to a better system performance. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between stability and both temperature variation and nonuniformity of temperature variation.
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Pham Toan Thang, Phuong Tran, T. Nguyen-Thoi
Summary: This research paper investigates the vibrational responses of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite nanoplates considering the effect of nonlocal parameter and strain gradient coefficient. By studying four types of CNT distribution under small length scale effects, the study aims to estimate the fundamental natural frequencies in FG-CNTRC nanoplates. The mathematical modeling and analytical solutions provide insights into how the small length-scale influences the vibrational behavior of nanoplates.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Pham Van Vinh, Le Quang Huy
Summary: This study investigates the effects of porosity and nonlocal parameter on the free vibration behavior of nanoplates, showing that both factors have significant impacts on the vibration characteristics of the nanoplates.
SHOCK AND VIBRATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rabab A. A. Alghanmi
Summary: This paper presents a static analysis of functionally graded nanoplates with porosities by combining nonlocal strain gradient theory and four-variable shear deformation theory. The proposed model captures the effects of both nonlocal and strain gradient on the nanoplate structures by incorporating corresponding factors into the elastic constants of the nanoplate.
Article
Mechanics
Chien H. Thai, A. M. J. Fereira, H. Nguyen-Xuan, P. Phung-Van, P. T. Hung
Summary: In this study, a nonlocal strain gradient isogeometric model for free vibration analysis of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) nanoplates made of functionally graded (FG) materials is presented. The model takes into account higher-order shear deformation theory, nonlocal strain gradient theory, and isogeometric analysis method. The stiffness of MEE-FG nanoplates is shown to be influenced by two scale parameters. The natural frequency of the nanoplates is evaluated by considering the power-law scheme, geometrical parameter, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, electric voltage, and magnetic potential. The results obtained using nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) are compared to those obtained using classical theory.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Pham Toan Thang, T. Nguyen-Thoi, Jaehong Lee
Summary: The main goal of this research paper is to model and analyze bidirectional functionally graded nanobeams using the Timoshenko beam theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory. The study focuses on understanding mechanical behavior, calculating important parameters, and formulating equilibrium and stability equations for a detailed investigation. Specific examples are presented to verify the proposed solution, and the influences of material properties and nonlocal parameter on critical buckling load and transverse deflection are examined.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Nikola Nesic, Milan Cajic, Danilo Karlicic, Aleksandar Obradovic, Julijana Simonovic
Summary: This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a nonlocal functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a fractional visco-Pasternak foundation and subjected to harmonic loads. The proposed model captures both the elastic stress gradient field considering the nonlocal parameter and the strain gradient stress field considering the material length scale parameter. The study demonstrates that the application of the incremental harmonic balance method in analyzing nonlocal strain gradient theory-based structures can lead to more reliable studies for strongly nonlinear systems.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Manjur Alam, Sudib K. Mishra
Summary: This study investigates the geometrically nonlinear vibration of NL-SG beams on a nonlinear substrate with shear interactions. It includes higher-order curvature, von Karman nonlinearity, and a nonlinear Pasternak model for the substrate. The research shows that nonlinear bending and substrate stiffness play a dominant role in influencing the vibration behavior, while the NL and SG interactions significantly affect the vibration behavior with the effect of functional gradation of material being minor.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Pham Toan Thang, Dieu T. T. Do, Jaehong Lee, T. Nguyen-Thoi
Summary: This paper presents an in-depth study on the influence of nanoscale parameters on the bending and free vibration responses of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite nanoshells. Mathematical formulas and numerical calculations are used to investigate the effect of nanoscale parameters, material properties, and shell shapes on the deflection and fundamental frequency parameters of the nanoshells.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Ahmed Amine Daikh, Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari, Mohamed A. Eltaher
Summary: This manuscript examines the bending deflection and stress distribution of sandwich functionally graded nanoplates on variable Winkler elastic foundation using a new quasi 3D hyperbolic shear theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory. The developed model is verified and parametric studies are conducted to illustrate the influences on static deflection and stress distribution. The proposed model can be applied in the design and analysis of NEMS structures under static load.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chien H. Thai, P. T. Hung, H. Nguyen-Xuan, P. Phung-Van
Summary: In this paper, a new size-dependent meshfree method is introduced to analyze the free vibrations of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) functionally graded (FG) nanoplates. The method combines the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT), the higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT), and meshfree method for the first time. The effective material properties of MEE-FG nanoplates are expressed using a power-law scheme. Numerical examples are given to investigate the effect of various parameters on the natural frequency of MEE-FG nanoplates.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Wei Peng, Like Chen, Tianhu He
Summary: Functionally graded materials (FGMs) exhibit excellent thermal shock resistance, and the size-dependent effect becomes important at micro-scale, requiring the use of nonlocal generalized thermoelastic theory. The study formulates governing equations for a simply supported FGM microbeam heated by ramp-type heating using Laplace transform techniques, and presents numerical results discussing the effects of ramp-heating time parameter, nonlocal parameter, and power-law index.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITION
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
S. Ali Faghidian, Krzysztof Kamil Zur, J. N. Reddy, A. J. M. Ferreira
Summary: In this study, the dispersion characteristics of flexural waves in functionally graded porous nanobeams were analyzed using higher-order nonlocal gradient elasticity theory. The results reveal that the size-dependent response of the symmetric FG porous nanobeam and the closed-form solution of the phase velocity can be effectively utilized in the design and optimization of composite nano-structural elements.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Haishan Tang, Chenglin Zhang, Li Li, Ling Ling, Yujin Hu
Summary: This study proposes the concept of mechanically modified metastructures to alter the mechanical properties of conventional structures. By introducing the TTC element, the mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio and bandgaps can be tailored. This provides a new guideline for tuning the mechanical properties of structures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
A. Garg, T. Mukhopadhyay, M. O. Belarbi, L. Li
Summary: In this study, a surrogate model based on Random Forest (RF) machine learning is used to transform solutions based on the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) into elasticity-based solutions. The bending behavior of laminated composite plates and shells is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the surrogate-assisted computational bridging. The surrogate model predicts the difference in stress and displacement between FSDT and Elasticity solutions, which are then adjusted to obtain more accurate values.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chaosheng Mei, Li Li, Yiyuan Jiang, Yuanyuan Ye, Xiaobai Li, Xiangzhen Han, Haishan Tang, Xuelin Wang, Yujin Hu
Summary: This study proposes a viscoelastic metamaterial with negative-stiffness elements, and numerical simulations show that it can simultaneously reduce the frequency and enhance the damping performance. The design of this material has important implications for vibration and noise control.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Chenglin Zhang, Sibo Ba, Zifeng Zhao, Li Li, Haishan Tang, Xuelin Wang
Summary: Inspired by natural materials, researchers propose a new category of hierarchical chiral structure to enhance its energy absorption capacity. The hierarchical chiral structure is constructed by replacing the central ring with a group of smaller rings connected by ligaments. Numerical analysis shows that hierarchical anti-tetrachiral structures exhibit a unique necking deformation mode at low impact speeds. Moreover, second-order anti-tetrachiral structures not only improve specific mass and volume energy absorption, but also effectively reduce peak stress compared to first-order structures. These findings contribute to the design of crashworthy auxetic components.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yiyuan Jiang, Li Li, Yujin Hu
Summary: When the external stimuli have a similar length scale to most chain lengths within a polymeric solid, nonlocal and microstructure-dependent strain-gradient effects become significant. This study proposes a physically-based nonlocal strain gradient theory for polymer networks, where the kernel functions and intrinsic length scales have clear physical meanings. The main contribution lies in establishing a general framework that can incorporate various microscopic descriptions and derive a corresponding nonlocal strain gradient constitutive relation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Aman Garg, Mohamed-Ouejdi Belarbi, Li Li, Neha Sharma, Ayushi Gupta, Hanuman Devidas Chalak
Summary: This article aims to conduct a free vibration analysis of biological-inspired laminated composite (B-ILC) plates with helicoidal layup using the higher-order zigzag theory (HOZT). The effects of boundary conditions, geometric properties, number of layers, skew angle of the plate, and material properties on the free vibration behavior are studied in detail.
JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sheng Lei, Wei Tian, Li Li
Summary: An adjoint variable method is proposed in this paper for sensitivity analysis of performance metrics. By defining a function to render these performance metrics in scalar form and analyzing them in a unified form, the sensitivity of performance metrics can be directly calculated. Through comparison with the direct differentiation method and numerical validation, the results show that this method is more effective for performance metrics with multiple design variables.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anshu Sharma, M. O. Belarbi, Aman Garg, Li Li
Summary: This study examines the bending behavior of helicoidal laminated composite plates that are inspired by biological helicoids, using Navier solution-based shear deformation theory. Five helicoidal schemes - recursive, exponential, semi-circular, linear, and Fibonacci - were investigated. The distribution of stress across the thickness of the plate was studied, and it was found that the helicoidal distribution parameter greatly influences stress variation. Helicoidal laminations exhibit uniform stress distribution, unlike quasi-isotropic schemes. Furthermore, they also eliminate stress channeling caused by cross-ply and quasi-isotropic systems. Additionally, the helicoidal schemes showed the lowest values for the transverse shear stresses (s over bar yz).
MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yiyuan Jiang, Li Li, Yujin Hu
Summary: A physically-based spatiotemporally nonlocal continuum field theory is proposed to capture the microstructure-dependent and temporal effects of both permanent and transient polymer networks. The theory establishes a general framework that connects microscopic descriptions of the networks to key components in the constitutive relations.
SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fei Wang, Li Li, HaiShan Tang, XueLin Wang, YuJin Hu
Summary: The conflict between stiffness and damping in structure-damping materials can be overcome by introducing Ni atoms into the interface of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum-matrix composites. This is due to the gradient variation of modulus and energy dissipation in the effective interfacial zone. A modified rule of mixture, considering the interface contribution, and a gradient damping model, accounting for the interface energy dissipation, are proposed to describe the behavior of the composites. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the effectiveness of these models in describing different composites with various CNT volume fractions and diameters.
SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chenhao Xu, Li Li
Summary: A bio-inspired nanocomposite is designed and fabricated with common microstructural features inspired by bones to overcome the trade-off between stiffness and damping. The role of these features on damping is investigated through experimental and theoretical research. The inclusion of intramolecular dangling chains improves damping, while the high modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) enhances the overall stiffness and induces an inelastic strain process at the interface to dissipate mechanical energy. The synergistic enhancement mechanism between the dangling chains and the moduli-mismatching interface leads to remarkably stiff yet lossy performances.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sagar Paruthi, Neha Sharma, Reeta Gulia, Lokesh Choudhary, Anshu Sharma, M. O. Belarbi, Aman Garg, Li Li, H. D. Chalak
Summary: Inspired by living organisms, helicoidal structures are increasingly important in enhancing the toughness, strength, and stiffness of laminates, replacing the conventional lamination scheme. This study compares the free vibration and buckling behavior of double-helicoidal and cross-helicoidal bio-inspired laminated composite plates under thermal conditions. The effects of lamination scheme, aspect ratio, end conditions, thermal conditions, side-to-thickness ratio, and skew angle on the plate's behavior are investigated. The results reveal that helicoidal composites outperform the cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates, with the cross-helicoidal plate exhibiting stiff behavior in most cases.
ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Anshu Sharma, Anu Tonk, Aman Garg, Li Li, H. D. Chalak
Summary: Inspired by biological structures, this paper predicts the first-ply load for laminated composite and sandwich plates using helicoidal schemes. The first-ply failure load is determined using a higher-order zigzag theory and five different failure criteria. The performance of helicoidal plates is compared to cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates, and the influences of various factors are analyzed. It is found that helicoidal plates have a higher first-ply failure load, especially for plates with free edges, and the maximum strain theory should not be used for predicting failure load of helicoidal laminated plates.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yiyuan Jiang, Li Li, Yujin Hu
Summary: A physically-based strain gradient viscoelasticity theory is proposed for polymer networks, considering both the strain gradient effect and the history-dependent behavior. The microstructure-dependence and history-dependence of stress and hyperstress are interpreted physically and quantitatively. The chain representation of the Helmholtz free energy density is transformed to the strain gradient continuum field representation through the geometric connection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chaosheng Mei, Li Li, Xiaobai Li, Yiyuan Jiang, Xiangzhen Han, Haishan Tang, Xuelin Wang, Yujin Hu
Summary: The concept of spatiotemporal damping is proposed to quantify the inherent wave attenuation property of dissipative metamaterials. The concept of spatiotemporal damping is more general compared to its counterparts in previous studies such as band gap and damping. Spatiotemporal damping results from the coupling effect of energy dissipation and energy scattering, and the coupling mechanism is revealed in this study.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Rawan Aqel, Patrick Severson, Rani Elhajjar
Summary: A novel core splice joint configuration for composite sandwich structures is studied and proposed to improve the strength and toughness. Experimental and numerical efforts show that this configuration can significantly increase the ultimate strength by 13% to 51% and the toughness by 2% to 35%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xianheng Wang, Cong Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: In this paper, a new form-finding method based on spatial elastica model (FMSE) is proposed for elastic gridshells. The method integrates the deformations of elastic rods into the overall deformation of the gridshell, and solves a set of transcendental equations using the quasi-Newton method to ensure the deformation satisfies the given boundary conditions. The method is validated through experiments and expected to have potential applications in the investigations of elastic gridshells.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Huang, Zitong Guo, Zhongde Shan, Zheng Sun, Jianhua Liu, Dong Wang, Wang Wang, Jiale Liu, Chenchen Tan
Summary: The conventional evaluation of 3D braided composites' mechanical properties through numerical and experimental methodologies hinders material application due to the expenses, time constraints, and laborious efforts involved. This study establishes a multi-scale finite element model and a surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of 3D4D rotary braided composites with voids. By optimizing a neural network model, the results are validated and provide valuable insights into the microstructure and properties of these composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xinyu Li, Hao Zhang, Haiyang Yang, Junrong Luo, Zhongmin Xiao, Hongshuai Lei
Summary: Due to their excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, fluted-core composite sandwich structures have gained significant attention in aerospace and rail transit applications. This study investigated the free-vibration characteristics and optimized design of composite fluted-core sandwich cylinders through theoretical models and experimental tests.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Chao Li, Chunzheng Duan, Xiaodong Tian, Chao Wang
Summary: A mechanistic model considering the bottom edge cutting effect and the anisotropic characteristics of the material is proposed in this paper to accurately predict cutting forces. The model was validated through a series of milling experiments and can be used to predict the cutting force of various parts of the cutter and any feed direction.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Camila Sanches Schimidt, Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos De Marqui Jr
Summary: This work investigates the vibro-acoustic performance of graded piezoelectric metamaterial plates. The study shows that piezoelectric metamaterial plates with reconfigurable properties can provide enhanced vibration and sound power attenuation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jun Ke, Li-jie Liu, Zhen-yu Wu, Zhong-ping Le, Luo Bao, Dong-wei Luo
Summary: Compared with other green natural fibers, ramie has higher mechanical properties and lower cost. In this study, ramie and glass fiber are made into composite circular tubes. The results show that the hybrid circular tube with ramie and glass fiber has improved torsional mechanical properties and reduced weight and cost. The failure mechanisms are affected by the loading direction and the content of each fiber.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Natalia Pingaro, Gabriele Milani
Summary: This paper proposes an enhanced analytical model for predicting the behavior of FRCM samples tested under standard tensile tests. The model takes into account the interaction between fibers and matrix through the interface, and assumes different material properties at different phases. By solving a second order linear differential equation, an analytical solution can be obtained. The model is validated with experimental data and shows good predictability.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Auwalu I. Mohammed, Kaarthikeyan Raghupathy, Osvaldo De Victoria Garcia Baltazar, Lawson Onokpasah, Roger Carvalho, Anders Mogensen, Farzaneh Hassani, James Njuguna
Summary: This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Irfan Shirazi, Samir Khatir, Djilali Boutchicha, Magd Abdel Wahab
Summary: Structural health monitoring is important to ensure the safety of components and structures. This study proposes a method using finite element models and 1D-CNN network to extract and classify vibration responses for crack detection. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in real-time damage detection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Maryam Mirsalehi, Kiarash Kianpour, Sharif Shahbeyk, Mohammad Bakhshi
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the one-way response of 3D-woven sandwich panels (3DWSPs) and their interfering parameters, providing interpretation of elastic and failure results, failure maps, and reliable theoretical models for linear elastic response and observed failure mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Yiming Zhao, Zhonggang Wang, Zhigang Yang, Bin Qin
Summary: The paper proposes a Ritz and statistical energy analysis (Ritz SEA) hybrid method for calculating rectangular plate acoustic vibration coupling in the mid-frequency range. This method combines the fast convergence and ability to handle arbitrary boundary conditions of the Ritz method with the power flow equation of the statistical energy analysis method. The results show that this approach effectively filters out random fluctuations in mid-frequency domains while demonstrating exceptional stability and precision.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Joao Henrique Fonseca, Woojung Jang, Dosuck Han, Naksoo Kim, Hyungyil Lee
Summary: This study addresses the enhancement of an injection-molded fiber-reinforced plastic / metal hybrid automotive structure and its plastic injection molding process through the integration of the finite element method, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary search methods. Experimental validation of finite element models, the generation of a database through orthogonal array and Latin hypercube methods, and the training of artificial neural networks are conducted. The genetic optimization algorithm is then applied to identify optimal process parameters. The results show significant reduction in product warpage and manufacturing time while maintaining structural strength, contributing to the advancement of composite automotive structures with superior quality.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Alessandro Vescovini, Carina Xiaochen Li, Javier Paz Mendez, Bo Cheng Jin, Andrea Manes, Chiara Bisagni
Summary: This paper presents a study on six single-stringer specimens manufactured using the card-sliding technique with non-crimp fabrics and adopting a Double-Double (DD) stacking sequence. The specimens were tested under compression loading conditions to investigate post-buckling and failure in aerospace structures. Experimental results and numerical simulations were compared to analyze the behavior and failure modes of the specimens. The study found promising evidence of a viable solution to optimize aeronautical structures and enhance resistance to skin-stringer separation, particularly with the use of tapered flanges.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)