Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shiloh R. Lueschow, Timothy J. Boly, Steven A. Frese, Giorgio Casaburi, Ryan D. Mitchell, Bethany M. Henrick, Steven J. McElroy
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease that primarily affects preterm infants and has limited treatment options. Recent research suggests that the probiotic B. infantis EVC001 can prevent NEC by reducing inflammation and promoting epithelial barrier restoration.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ameer Al-Hadidi, Jason Navarro, Steven D. Goodman, Michael T. Bailey, Gail E. Besner
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease mainly found in premature infants, associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a new avenue for therapy, with a novel enterally delivered formulation showing promise in experimental models of NEC.
Article
Cell Biology
Magali Marti, Johanne E. Spreckels, Purnika Damindi Ranasinghe, Erik Wejryd, Giovanna Marchini, Eva Sverremark-Ekstrom, Maria C. Jenmalm, Thomas Abrahamsson
Summary: Probiotics may exert benefits in modulating the gut microbiota composition during the first month in extremely low birth weight infants, leading to increased bacterial diversity and abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, while reducing the abundance of certain harmful bacterial families.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Myoung Kyoung Kim, Tae Yeon Jeon, Kyunga Kim, Yu Jin Kim, So-Young Yoo, Ji Hye Kim, Yun Sil Chang, Sanghoon Lee, Jeong-Meen Seo, Sung-Hoon Moon
Summary: This study investigated the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-detected perforated NEC without radiographic pneumoperitoneum in very preterm infants. The study found that very preterm infants with US-detected perforated NEC without radiographic pneumoperitoneum had a lower risk of death before discharge. This suggests that bowel ultrasounds may have a potential role in surgical decision-making for infants with advanced NEC.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ching-Min Chang, Ming-Horng Tsai, Wei-Chao Liao, Peng-Hong Yang, Shiao-Wen Li, Shih-Ming Chu, Hsuan-Rong Huang, Ming-Chou Chiang, Jen-Fu Hsu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota of extremely preterm infants. The results showed that probiotics increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced the duration of total parenteral nutrition. The probiotic group also had a lower rate of late-onset sepsis.
Article
Surgery
Martin L. Blakely, Jon E. Tyson, Kevin P. Lally, Susan R. Hintz, Barry Eggleston, David K. Stevenson, Gail E. Besner, Abhik Das, Robin K. Ohls, William E. Truog, Leif D. Nelin, Brenda B. Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C. Walsh, Barbara J. Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Reed A. Dimmitt, Waldemar A. Carlo, C. Michael Cotten, Abbot R. Laptook, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Kara L. Calkins, Gregory M. Sokol, Pablo J. Sanchez, Myra H. Wyckoff, Ravi M. Patel, Ivan D. Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T. D'Angio, Bradley A. Yoder, Edward F. Bell, Kristi L. Watterberg, Colin A. Martin, Carroll M. Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G. Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C. Y. Dunn, Troy A. Markel, Diana L. Diesen, Amina M. Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J. Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D. Bass, Shawn D. St Peter, Christina M. Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G. Lemon, Ricardo A. Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F. Goldstein, Betty R. Vohr, Isabell B. Purdy, Abbey C. Hines, Nathalie L. Maitre, Roy J. Heyne, Sara B. DeMauro, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W. Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T. Colaizy, Matthew M. Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D. Higgins
Summary: The study found that initial surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP) did not result in overall differences in death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) rates in premature infants. However, the impact of initial treatment varied depending on the preoperative diagnosis of NEC or IP.
Article
Pediatrics
Katherine E. Chetta, Katherine G. Vincent, Bresney Fanning, Ashley B. Klumb, Justin A. Chetta, Allison M. Rohrer, Leslie H. Spence, Jeanne G. Hill
Summary: This study examined whether delayed receipt of antibiotics is associated with disease severity in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The timing of antibiotic administration in medical and surgical NEC cases was compared in a retrospective, single-center cohort study. Delayed antibiotic receipt was more common in surgical NEC cases, and every hour of delay increased the odds of surgical NEC. Further studies are warranted to investigate if optimizing antibiotic timing can improve intestinal outcomes.
Article
Microbiology
Qin Chen, Weiquan Yao, Fengdan Xu, Jinfeng Liao, Jinfeng Li, Minling Mai, Haoqiang Xie, Xiaoguang He, Ning Li
Summary: This study focused on the utility of abdominal ultrasound (AUS) in the diagnosis and evaluation of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The results showed that AUS has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing NEC with perforation, and it can effectively monitor and evaluate the progression and complications of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alain Cuna, Marianne Nsumu, Heather L. Menden, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: Peripartum antibiotics increase the risk of NEC and impair intestinal proliferation in newborns. However, supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can mitigate gut injury caused by antibiotics and restore intestinal proliferation by activating the Gpr81-Wnt pathway. Therefore, postnatal probiotics may be effective in reducing the risk of NEC associated with peripartum antibiotic exposure in preterm infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Alice Hoffsten, Laszlo Markasz, Helene Engstrand Lilja, Karl Wilhelm Olsson, Richard Sindelar
Summary: Early postnatal comprehensive biomarkers do not effectively predict the development of NEC in extremely preterm infants in this study. Future research should focus on sequential analysis of comprehensive proteomic markers in large cohorts to identify predictive factors for NEC.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mylene Anwar, Sonya Mros, Michelle McConnell, Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
Summary: This study evaluated the ability of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (WS-NSP) from taro corm (Tc-WS-NSP), probiotics, and their synbiotic mixtures to regulate interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. The results showed that digested Tc-WS-NSP-ICE and high bacterial concentrations of L. acidophilus, B. breve, and B. infantis had a greater ability to downregulate IL-8 compared to the sole use of Tc-WS-NSPs or probiotics alone. These findings suggest the potential use of Tc-WS-NSPs, probiotics, and their synbiotics mixtures as prophylactic agents against NEC.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes W. W. Duess, Maame E. E. Sampah, Carla M. M. Lopez, Koichi Tsuboi, Daniel J. J. Scheese, Chhinder P. P. Sodhi, David J. J. Hackam
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants, caused by dietary and bacterial factors in a vulnerable host. Intestinal perforation can lead to severe infection and sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 has been identified as a critical regulator of NEC development. This review article presents recent findings on microbial signaling, the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, systemic inflammation, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Article
Immunology
Erbu Yarci, Cuneyt Tayman, Didem Ozturk Yarci, Ufuk Cakir, Ataman Gonel, Tugba Taskin Turkmenoglu
Summary: Tocilizumab showed positive effects in preventing and treating NEC, significantly reducing tissue damage and apoptosis, and lowering clinical sickness score. It could be a potential option for the management of NEC.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mangesh Deshmukh, Sanjay Patole
Summary: Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and all-cause mortality in preterm neonates. Implementing routine probiotic supplementation can significantly improve outcomes in these vulnerable infants.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Regan E. Giesinger, Danielle R. Rios, Trassanee Chatmethakul, Adrianne R. Bischoff, Jeremy A. Sandgren, Alison Cunningham, Madeline Beauchene, Amy H. Stanford, Jonathan M. Klein, Patrick Ten Eyck, Patrick J. McNamara
Summary: This study evaluates the role of early hemodynamic screening in the risk of death or severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. The findings show that screening significantly reduces the primary composite outcome of death or severe intraventricular hemorrhage, suggesting that early hemodynamic screening and tailored care may improve neonatal outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Anesthesiology
Hilary P. Grocott, Philip M. Jones
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2020)
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
John Basmaji, Ian Ball, Philip Jones, Bram Rochwerg, Robert Arntfield
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2020)
Article
Anesthesiology
Timothy P. Turkstra, Daniel C. Turkstra, Alexander W. Pavlosky, Philip M. Jones
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2020)
Article
Anesthesiology
Ravi Taneja, Robert Sibbald, Launa Elliott, Elizabeth Burke, Kristen A. Bishop, Philip M. Jones, Mark Goldszmidt
Summary: The study found that hospitalized patients often have preferences documented for CPR and ICU interventions that are contrary to their actual treatment behaviors. Through trained nurses, inpatients who would benefit from further in-depth resuscitation preference discussions can be identified, and discordance can be resolved during the index admission.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Philip M. Jones, Janet Martin
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Letter
Anesthesiology
Philip M. Jones
JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephen Choi, Angela Jerath, Philip Jones, Sinziana Avramescu, George Djaiani, Summer Syed, Tarit Saha, Lilia Kaustov, Alex Kiss, Frederick D'Aragon, Peter Hedlin, Raja Rajamohan, Etienne J. Couture, Amara Singh, Josiane C. S. Mapplebeck, Sophia Wong, Beverley Anne Orser
Summary: Older patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk for developing major postoperative neurocognitive disorder (P-NCD), with this multicentre randomised trial investigating the efficacy of postoperative dexmedetomidine sedation in reducing the incidence of major P-NCD. This study is the first to assess the efficacy of a pharmacological intervention to reduce major P-NCD after cardiac surgery in patients aged 60 and older, with dissemination of results to include briefings, presentations, and publications.
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Stephan K. W. Schwarz, Philip M. Jones
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Malcom Howard, Ruediger Noppens, Nelson Gonzalez, Philip M. Jones, Sonja M. Payne
Summary: The study revealed that while there is widespread awareness of the national CAFG Difficult Airway Guidelines among anesthesiologists, they are not widely adopted in clinical practice. There are barriers to the adoption of airway management guidelines for both individual anesthesiologists and anesthesia departments, which warrant further research.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
J. Adam Law, Laura V. Duggan, Mathieu Asselin, Paul Baker, Edward Crosby, Andrew Downey, Orlando R. Hung, George Kovacs, Francois Lemay, Rudiger Noppens, Matteo Parotto, Roanne Preston, Nick Sowers, Kathryn Sparrow, Timothy P. Turkstra, David T. Wong, Philip M. Jones
Summary: Since 2013, the Canadian Airway Focus Group has reconvened to update practice recommendations based on the expanding airway management literature. Strategies should be formulated for each patient based on airway evaluation, and careful decision-making is crucial when difficulty is anticipated. Equipment and expert assistance should be readily available in cases of unanticipated difficulty with airway management.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
J. Adam Law, Laura Duggan, Mathieu Asselin, Paul Baker, Edward Crosby, Andrew Downey, Orlando R. Hung, Philip M. Jones, Francois Lemay, Rudiger Noppens, Matteo Parotto, Roanne Preston, Nick Sowers, Kathryn Sparrow, Timothy P. Turkstra, David T. Wong, George Kovacs
Summary: The CAFG conducted a thorough review of literature and discussions to update practice recommendations on airway management, emphasizing the use of video laryngoscopy for tracheal intubations. In cases of failed intubation, the recommendations include considering exit strategy options such as awakening, temporizing with supraglottic airway, or front-of-neck airway access.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Jennifer W. He, Louise Y. Sun, Duminda Wijeysundera, Kelly Vogt, Philip M. Jones
Summary: This study reviewed the association between patient sex and postoperative adverse outcomes in adult inpatients who underwent intraabdominal surgeries in Ontario, Canada. The results showed no differential risk between sexes, indicating that there were no significant differences in all-cause death, hospital readmission, or major postoperative complications within 30 postoperative days for both male and female patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Louise Y. Sun, Philip M. Jones, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Mamas A. Mamas, Anan Bader Eddeen, John O'Connor
Summary: The handover of anesthesia care during cardiac surgery is associated with increased mortality rates and healthcare resource utilization.
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Stephan K. W. Schwarz, Philip M. Jones
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Ravi Taneja, Daniel J. Szoke, Zachary Hynes, Philip M. Jones
Summary: The study aimed to find the minimum amount of protamine required to neutralize residual heparin following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and evaluate whether the activated clotting time can be used as a marker for quantifying heparin neutralization. The results showed that a protamine:heparin ratio of 0.3 was sufficient to neutralize heparin in some patients, while a ratio of 0.5 was sufficient to neutralize anti-IIa and -Xa activity in most patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2022)
