Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Janis Braunfelds, Ugis Senkans, Peteris Skels, Rims Janeliukstis, Jurgis Porins, Sandis Spolitis, Vjaceslavs Bobrovs
Summary: Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors are advanced technology integrated into road structures for real-time monitoring of traffic-induced strain, and these sensors can accurately detect the number of axles and strain changes in the road structure. This study embedded FBG sensors in the top layer of the road and used them to measure strain and temperature, collecting data from vehicles of different types, which helps evaluate the pavement design.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Luyang Xu, Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang, Shuomang Shi, Hong Pan, Yi Bao
Summary: Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to assess various parameters for structural health monitoring (SHM) of steel infrastructure. This paper presents an approach to assess interactive anomalies caused by mechanical loading and corrosion on epoxy coated steel substrates using FBG sensors in real time. The results indicate significant interactions between loading and corrosion on steel substrates, and real-time monitoring can help quantitatively evaluate the interactions between anomalies induced by loading and corrosion.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Liqi Huang, Li Xiong, Yongxing Guo, Zhongchun Hu
Summary: This research proposes an innovative method for fabricating all-silicon sensors by using silicon glass as the substrate and packaging material. The proposed approach, which involves packaging an elastic glass cantilever beam and an FBG with molten glass powder, has been tested and shown to have good package quality and sensing performance. The introduced packaging technology has potential applications in the fabrication of high-performance FBG sensors, as demonstrated by the successful creation of an FBG tilt sensor with good linearity and repeatability.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dongtao Hu, Shanke Lv, Yongxing Guo, Huagang He, Jiayi Liu
Summary: The article presents a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) force sensor with enhanced sensitivity using a strain-reinforcing mechanism, achieving high sensitivity and good performance, demonstrating potential for superior structural health monitoring.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Massimiliano Gabardi, Lorenzo Tozzetti, Stefano Faralli, Massimiliano Solazzi, David Benedetti, Samina Rajbhandari, Gianni Buttaro, Fabrizio Di Pasquale
Summary: Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors written by femtosecond laser pulses in polyamide-coated low bending loss optical fibers are successfully embedded in carbon composite structures. These sensors are interrogated by a tunable laser and their response to temperature and strain variations is characterized. The results show good agreement with simulations, demonstrating the effectiveness of the embedding process for real-time accurate strain measurement.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yizhuo Li, Fengyi Chen, Teng Guo, Ruohui Wang, Xueguang Qiao
Summary: We propose and develop a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating accelerometer based on a flexible hinge, which significantly improves sensitivity and reliability by optimizing the grating structure. The results show that this structure can effectively detect vibrations in seismic exploration.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hui Wang, Chen Li, Lei Liang, Ke Jiang, Shu Dai, Huifeng Wu, Xiaoling Tong
Summary: This study derived the dynamic-response-time formula of optical fiber and analyzed the dynamic response capability of optical fiber with different diameters. Fast-response fiber Bragg grating (FR-FBG) temperature sensors were designed and manufactured. The experiments confirmed the relationship between the response time and the diameter of the grating.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Xianfeng Zhao, Zhen'an Jia, Wei Fan, Wangfei Liu, Hong Gao, Kaiqing Yang, Dakuan Yu
Summary: The FBG accelerometer based on a composite beam utilizes the opposite movement of two FBGs to reduce the impact of temperature and improve sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor structure is minimally affected by temperature within a certain range and has good performance at specific frequency ranges.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yongxing Guo, Jiajing Zhu, Li Xiong, Jiaxi Guan
Summary: This paper proposes a new finger motion detection method based on optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with polyimide substrate, which monitors the deformation around the forearm caused by finger motion. Through tests, it is verified that FBG with polyimide substrate has good response characteristics and applicability. The experimental results show that this method can effectively detect static gestures and has good repeatability.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chaoyang Shi, Dewei Lai, Zhongxin Tang, Zhan Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a miniature and high-sensitivity torque sensor for minimally invasive surgery robots and multi-finger robotic hands. The sensor consists of a torquesensitive flexure and a suspended optic fiber with a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) element, providing excellent resistance to moment loadings and high resolution.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Younis Mohammed Salih, Mudhaffer Mustafa Ameen, Fahmi F. Muhammadsharif, Ismael Mohammed Mohammed Saeed, Md Nurul Islam Siddique
Summary: This study investigated the sensing characteristics of FBG bonded with graphene on a polymer plate under various mechanical deflections. The sensitivity showed linear relation with deflection for certain stress locations and bonding materials, but deviated from linearity for others. The sensitivity increased with grating length, with noticeable sinusoidal correlation found for a 45 mm FBG, which could be used for highly sensitive environmental monitoring and alarm system applications.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dewei Lai, Zhongxin Tang, Jianchang Zhao, Shuxin Wang, Chaoyang Shi
Summary: This paper presents a high sensitivity and miniature size torque sensor based on FBG, utilizing a special design to achieve high resolution and linearity. The sensor's performance has been validated through simulation optimization and calibration.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ching-Yu Hsu, Chia-Chin Chiang, Tso-Sheng Hsieh, Hsiang-Cheng Hsu, Liren Tsai, Chang-Hsiang Hou
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of titanium nitride-coated Fiber Bragg grating sensors in cryogenic temperature environments, demonstrating high temperature sensitivity and accuracy for precise measurements of temperature changes at low temperatures.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ying-Gang Nan, Junjun Pan, Fu Liu, Xuehao Hu, Patrice Megret
Summary: In this paper, a simulation method for analyzing the spectral properties of fiber Bragg gratings written in silica-based multimode graded-index fiber is described and compared with experimental spectra. The simulation accurately determines the resonance wavelengths and provides detailed reflection and transmission spectra using coupled-mode theory and modal field equations. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Marco Bonopera
Summary: With the development of fiber optical technologies, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are increasingly used in structural health monitoring. This article provides an overview of the recent advancements and principles of FBG-based displacement sensors, focusing on wavelength, intensity, and phase signal demodulation. Future research will aim to improve the efficiency of FBG-based displacement sensors through the use of different elastic structures, gratings manufactured through special fibers, and new temperature compensation methodologies.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yangyang Xin, Jian Zhou, Hussein Nesser, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: Wearable healthcare sensors with real-time monitoring capabilities are gaining popularity. The challenge lies in maintaining reliable data while ensuring comfortable wear with good stretchability. This study discusses strain-insensitive design strategies compatible with large deformations and explores the potential of using the Seebeck effect for strain-insensitive sensors.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Chiara Morano, Ahmed Wagih, Marco Alfano, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical performance of adhesive bonded composite/metal T-joints. The results show that by tailoring the architecture of the stiffener, using corrugated flanges with a square wave profile, superior performances can be achieved, with an increase of +65% in pull-off strength and +416% in absorbed energy compared to the conventional configuration.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Muhammad Basha, A. Wagih, T. Khan, G. Lubineau, T. A. Sebaey
Summary: This paper demonstrates that using thin plies can enhance the flexural response of conventional composites at elevated temperatures. The laminates containing thin plies showed higher flexural strength and modulus at all tested temperatures. The presence of thin plies delayed compressive fiber damage, interrupted heat flow, and reduced delamination and matrix cracks.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Bram van der Heijden, Yunteng Wang, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: This paper proposes a data-driven approach to predict mechanical responses for structures directly from full-field observations obtained on previously tested structures. The approach uses raw data, called patches, comprising displacement fields obtained during data harvesting through full-field measurement. A library of such patches is compiled to compute responses for new structures, and the approach is not limited to specific types of structures or mechanics.
COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Mohammad K. A. Khan, Harri Junaedi, Hassan Alshahrani, Ahmed Wagih, Gilles Lubineau, Tamer A. Sebaey
Summary: This study demonstrated an enhancement in notch sensitivity of a hybrid carbon/epoxy (CFRP) composite with a Kevlar core sandwich compared to monotonic CFRP and Kevlar composites. Open-hole tensile samples with different width to diameter ratios were tested, showing that the hybrid laminate has lower notch sensitivity and a higher specific strength compared to CFRP and KFRP laminates. The enhancement in notch sensitivity was attributed to its progressive damage mode and the lower density of Kevlar fibers in the hybrid composite.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruslan Melentiev, Ran Tao, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: Electrochemical plating is widely used for coating commodity polymers, but the traditional process using chromic acid produces hazardous waste. This study proposes a greener route by hot-embossing and acid-etching the ABS polymer before plating, which greatly enhances coating adhesion and reduces etching time. Microscopic characterization shows that the adhesion strength at the hierarchical interface exceeds that of the ABS polymer. This method can significantly reduce the use of toxic acids in the electroplating industry without compromising the coating quality.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arief Yudhanto, Xiaole Li, Ran Tao, Ruslan Melentiev, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: This paper reviews recent advances in the evaluation of metal-polymer adhesion through tape test and peel test in electroplating processes, with a focus on electroplated copper-ABS as a case study. The article also provides recommended practices for using these tests to assess metal-polymer adhesion. This review is expected to guide engineers and scientists in achieving superior metal-polymer adhesion through effective electroplating formulations.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ruslan Melentiev, Ran Tao, Lujain Fatta, Amit K. Tevtia, Nikhil Verghese, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: Electroplating on polymers involves chemical and mechanical interactions of the surface to ensure adhesion. However, the relative contributions of these factors have been debated without quantitative evidence. This study separates the contribution of polymer chemistry by using non-interlocking micro-textures with varied surface area. The results show that chemical adhesion only contributes a minor fraction to the overall adhesion strength in electroplating.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fatimah Aldakheel, Konstantinos Ntetsikas, Arief Yudhanto, Gilles Lubineau, Nikos Hadjichristidis
Summary: Grafting non-polar polymer chains on the surface of polar nanoparticles enhances particle/matrix interactions, leading to improved mechanical properties in non-polar matrices. In this study, omega-triethoxysilyl polystyrene (PS-TEOS) and PS-b-PI macromonomers were synthesized and hydrolyzed/condensed to form grafted silica nanoparticles with either PS or PS-b-PI chains. The molecular characteristics and formation of the nanoparticles were confirmed using various techniques. Blends of the nanoparticles with PS and PS-b-PI were obtained and their mechanical properties and morphological features were examined. This method provides a way to control the properties of PS-based nanocomposites.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chiara Morano, Nao Terasaki, Tianyi Gao, Gilles Lubineau, Marco Alfano
Summary: We investigate the mechanics of crack propagation in adhesive joints inspired by the base plate of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. The joints feature buried hollow cylindrical channels that modulate the strain energy release rate (ERR) and enable a crack-tip shielding mechanism. Finite element simulations and experiments validate the occurrence of crack pinning/depinning cycles. Mechanoluminescent (ML) coating is used to study the transient stress field in the crack tip region, revealing details of snap-through cracking in the bio-inspired adhesive joints.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Y. Wei, Q. Serra, G. Lubineau, E. Florentin
Summary: In this study, a new technique based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is proposed to implement constitutive equation gap method (CEGM) optimization process, which allows for easy construction of the admissible stress field with the help of automatic differentiation. The proposed method is compared with classical identification strategies and demonstrated its effectiveness in simple 2D cases and tomographic images, showing its great potential for practical applications.
COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali M. Alkadhem, Fernanda Tavares, Natalia Realpe, Gontzal Lezcano, Arief Yudhanto, Mohammad Subah, Vasco Manacas, Jacek Osinski, Gilles Lubineau, Pedro Castano
Summary: Reforming processes for hydrogen production can be improved by incorporating SiC in the catalyst, optimizing constituent mixtures, and addressing heat transfer issues. Various techniques are used to characterize the catalysts and their properties, and models are created to simulate industrial reformers. The results lead to optimal catalyst formulations and showcase the influence of individual and combined constituents at different scales.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ran Tao, Lujain Fatta, Ruslan Melentiev, Amit K. Tevtia, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: A typical step in electroplating metals onto polymer substrates is the surface preparation of substrates through sulfochromic acid etching, which modifies the chemistry and morphology of the surfaces. The relative contributions of chemical interactions and mechanical interlocking towards the final adhesion are not well understood. This study proposes different sample preparation strategies to address these issues and finds that chemical contribution is critical for wetting during electroless plating, while mechanical interlocking is the major contributor for the ultimate adhesion of electroplated copper to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene interfaces.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hussein Nesser, Hassan A. Mahmoud, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is essential for ensuring safety in various applications. Traditional sensors have limitations, but a new technology using RFID allows wireless transmission of strain measurement data. The novel sensor based on LC circuit and cracked capacitor electrodes offers a wireless strain sensor with high sensitivity. This wire-free, power-free design can be easily integrated into composites without compromising structural integrity, providing a cost-effective and non-destructive solution for accurate structural health monitoring.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arief Yudhanto, Alwaleed Aldhirgham, Eric Feron, Gilles Lubineau
Summary: The article introduces the use of classical compression molding process to post-consolidate 3D-printed continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (CFPA) composites, reducing the voids and studying its influence on microscale parameters (void content) and mesoscale parameters (mechanical properties, plasticity, damage).
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Rawan Aqel, Patrick Severson, Rani Elhajjar
Summary: A novel core splice joint configuration for composite sandwich structures is studied and proposed to improve the strength and toughness. Experimental and numerical efforts show that this configuration can significantly increase the ultimate strength by 13% to 51% and the toughness by 2% to 35%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xianheng Wang, Cong Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: In this paper, a new form-finding method based on spatial elastica model (FMSE) is proposed for elastic gridshells. The method integrates the deformations of elastic rods into the overall deformation of the gridshell, and solves a set of transcendental equations using the quasi-Newton method to ensure the deformation satisfies the given boundary conditions. The method is validated through experiments and expected to have potential applications in the investigations of elastic gridshells.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Huang, Zitong Guo, Zhongde Shan, Zheng Sun, Jianhua Liu, Dong Wang, Wang Wang, Jiale Liu, Chenchen Tan
Summary: The conventional evaluation of 3D braided composites' mechanical properties through numerical and experimental methodologies hinders material application due to the expenses, time constraints, and laborious efforts involved. This study establishes a multi-scale finite element model and a surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of 3D4D rotary braided composites with voids. By optimizing a neural network model, the results are validated and provide valuable insights into the microstructure and properties of these composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xinyu Li, Hao Zhang, Haiyang Yang, Junrong Luo, Zhongmin Xiao, Hongshuai Lei
Summary: Due to their excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, fluted-core composite sandwich structures have gained significant attention in aerospace and rail transit applications. This study investigated the free-vibration characteristics and optimized design of composite fluted-core sandwich cylinders through theoretical models and experimental tests.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Chao Li, Chunzheng Duan, Xiaodong Tian, Chao Wang
Summary: A mechanistic model considering the bottom edge cutting effect and the anisotropic characteristics of the material is proposed in this paper to accurately predict cutting forces. The model was validated through a series of milling experiments and can be used to predict the cutting force of various parts of the cutter and any feed direction.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Camila Sanches Schimidt, Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos De Marqui Jr
Summary: This work investigates the vibro-acoustic performance of graded piezoelectric metamaterial plates. The study shows that piezoelectric metamaterial plates with reconfigurable properties can provide enhanced vibration and sound power attenuation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jun Ke, Li-jie Liu, Zhen-yu Wu, Zhong-ping Le, Luo Bao, Dong-wei Luo
Summary: Compared with other green natural fibers, ramie has higher mechanical properties and lower cost. In this study, ramie and glass fiber are made into composite circular tubes. The results show that the hybrid circular tube with ramie and glass fiber has improved torsional mechanical properties and reduced weight and cost. The failure mechanisms are affected by the loading direction and the content of each fiber.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Natalia Pingaro, Gabriele Milani
Summary: This paper proposes an enhanced analytical model for predicting the behavior of FRCM samples tested under standard tensile tests. The model takes into account the interaction between fibers and matrix through the interface, and assumes different material properties at different phases. By solving a second order linear differential equation, an analytical solution can be obtained. The model is validated with experimental data and shows good predictability.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Auwalu I. Mohammed, Kaarthikeyan Raghupathy, Osvaldo De Victoria Garcia Baltazar, Lawson Onokpasah, Roger Carvalho, Anders Mogensen, Farzaneh Hassani, James Njuguna
Summary: This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Irfan Shirazi, Samir Khatir, Djilali Boutchicha, Magd Abdel Wahab
Summary: Structural health monitoring is important to ensure the safety of components and structures. This study proposes a method using finite element models and 1D-CNN network to extract and classify vibration responses for crack detection. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in real-time damage detection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Maryam Mirsalehi, Kiarash Kianpour, Sharif Shahbeyk, Mohammad Bakhshi
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the one-way response of 3D-woven sandwich panels (3DWSPs) and their interfering parameters, providing interpretation of elastic and failure results, failure maps, and reliable theoretical models for linear elastic response and observed failure mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Yiming Zhao, Zhonggang Wang, Zhigang Yang, Bin Qin
Summary: The paper proposes a Ritz and statistical energy analysis (Ritz SEA) hybrid method for calculating rectangular plate acoustic vibration coupling in the mid-frequency range. This method combines the fast convergence and ability to handle arbitrary boundary conditions of the Ritz method with the power flow equation of the statistical energy analysis method. The results show that this approach effectively filters out random fluctuations in mid-frequency domains while demonstrating exceptional stability and precision.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Joao Henrique Fonseca, Woojung Jang, Dosuck Han, Naksoo Kim, Hyungyil Lee
Summary: This study addresses the enhancement of an injection-molded fiber-reinforced plastic / metal hybrid automotive structure and its plastic injection molding process through the integration of the finite element method, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary search methods. Experimental validation of finite element models, the generation of a database through orthogonal array and Latin hypercube methods, and the training of artificial neural networks are conducted. The genetic optimization algorithm is then applied to identify optimal process parameters. The results show significant reduction in product warpage and manufacturing time while maintaining structural strength, contributing to the advancement of composite automotive structures with superior quality.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Alessandro Vescovini, Carina Xiaochen Li, Javier Paz Mendez, Bo Cheng Jin, Andrea Manes, Chiara Bisagni
Summary: This paper presents a study on six single-stringer specimens manufactured using the card-sliding technique with non-crimp fabrics and adopting a Double-Double (DD) stacking sequence. The specimens were tested under compression loading conditions to investigate post-buckling and failure in aerospace structures. Experimental results and numerical simulations were compared to analyze the behavior and failure modes of the specimens. The study found promising evidence of a viable solution to optimize aeronautical structures and enhance resistance to skin-stringer separation, particularly with the use of tapered flanges.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)