Journal
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Volume 134, Issue -, Pages 895-899Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.072
Keywords
X-ray phase-contrast imaging; Dark-field imaging; Composite structures; Impact damage; Ultrasonics; C-scan
Categories
Funding
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I021884/1]
- European Union [PCIG12-GA-2012-334056]
- EPSRC [EP/I021884/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I021884/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Low velocity impact can lead to barely visible and difficult to detect damage such as fibre and matrix breakage or delaminations in composite structures. Drop-weight impact damage in a cross-ply carbon fibre laminate plate was characterised using ultrasonic C-scan measurements. This was compared to the results provided by a novel X-ray imaging technique based on the detection of phase effects, which can be implemented with conventional equipment. Three representations of the sample are provided: absorption, differential phase and dark-field. The latter is of particular interest to detect cracks and voids of dimensions that are smaller than the spatial resolution of the imaging system. The ultrasonic C-scan showed a large delamination and additional damage along the fibre directions. The damage along the fibre directions and other small scale defects were detected from the X-ray imaging. As the system is sensitive to phase effects along one direction at a time, the acquisition of an additional scan, rotating the sample 900 around the beam axis, provides information in both fibre directions. These two techniques enable access to a set of complementary information, across different length scales, which can be useful in the characterisation of the defects occurring in composite structures. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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