Journal
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages 1472-1485Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ente.201600141
Keywords
interfacial chemistry; lithium-air batteries; lithium-ion batteries; scanning electrochemical microscopy; solid-electrolyte interphase
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Funding
- Niedersachsisches Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Kultur of the State of Lower Saxony within Graduiertenkolleg Energiespeicher und Elektromobilitat Niedersachsen (GEENI)
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Electrodes in lithium-ion and post-lithium-ion batteries are made of composite materials exposing a variety of different surfaces towards the electrolyte. This causes a distribution of current densities and consequently locally different changes of interfaces and bulk materials that might be critical for the performance and durability of secondary batteries. The optimization of local structures of battery materials is hindered by a lack of local techniques that provide in situ reactivity information from such hidden interfaces. A variety of new electrochemical scanning probe techniques are currently adapted to the investigation of battery materials under near-realistic environmental conditions. The review provides a critical assessment of this development with a particular emphasis on the assessment of the passivating properties of solid-electrolyte interphases, the extension of the concepts to lithium-oxygen cells, and attempts to image ion intercalation reactions.
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