Review
Immunology
Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi
Summary: Human giardiasis is a common parasitic disease that can lead to malnutrition and developmental disorders. Understanding the interaction between the parasite and the intestinal epithelial cells may provide insights into the pathology and help identify new therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shuyan Feng, Chi Zhang, Shanshan Chen, Ruonan He, Guanqun Chao, Shuo Zhang
Summary: TLR5 is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a crucial role in controlling intestinal homeostasis by activating immune responses. Overexpression of TLR5 may disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, which is the first line of defense against harmful microbes. Impaired barrier function is associated with intestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaopeng Tian, Zixuan Zhang, Wen Li
Summary: This study investigated the expression of TLR2 and TLR5 in the distal ileum of mice with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and their role in intestinal mucosal injury. The results showed that disturbance of intestinal flora caused by OJ could increase the expression of TLR2, leading to the activation of NF-Kappa B and the aggravation of intestinal mucosal injury.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gengfeng Li, Jian Lin, Xiang Gao, Huiling Su, Ritian Lin, Han Gao, Zhongsheng Feng, Huili Wu, Baisui Feng, Keqiang Zuo, Yingchuan Li, Wei Wu, Leilei Fang, Zhanju Liu
Summary: The study reveals that epithelial GPR65 plays an important role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and mucosal inflammation. The absence of GPR65 leads to decreased antimicrobial defenses and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which may be associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Review
Immunology
Jia An, Yuqing Liu, Yiqi Wang, Ru Fan, Xiaorong Hu, Fen Zhang, Jinhua Yang, Junwei Chen
Summary: Autoimmune diseases involve multiple tissues and organs, and the specific pathogenesis is not fully understood. The impaired intestinal mucosal barrier can disrupt immune homeostasis and trigger inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which the intestinal mucosal barrier regulates immune homeostasis and inflammation are not clear.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Qiuli Yang, Yuexin Wang, Anna Jia, Yufei Wang, Yujing Bi, Guangwei Liu
Summary: In this review, the interaction between gut bacteria and host immunity is discussed, highlighting the critical roles of bidirectional regulation in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lijing Huang, Fang He, Bangyuan Wu
Summary: Nickel is an important metal that widely exists in nature and is necessary for human beings and animals as a trace element. Excessive nickel exposure can induce excessive free radicals in the body, causing damage to cells and negatively affecting overall health, particularly in the intestine.
Article
Cell Biology
Shilpashree Mallesh, Anne S. Ten Hove, Reiner Schneider, Bianca Schneiker, Patrik Efferz, Jorg C. Kalff, Wouter J. de Jonge, Sven Wehner
Summary: Intestinal mucosal cells express adrenergic receptors and are receptive to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. This study investigated the effect of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on mucosal immune and epithelial cell functions. The results suggest that a loss in sympathetic input induces a proinflammatory mucosal state, leading to reduced barrier functioning and enhanced antimicrobial defense.
Article
Microbiology
Han Liu, Jing Zhao, Wenju Zhang, Cunxi Nie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with 0.2% sodium butyrate on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology, mucosal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. The results showed that supplementation with 0.2% sodium butyrate can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function by altering the gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jian Li, Yan Li, Ruifeng Chai, Xiangyou Yu, Zhaoxia Yu
Summary: This study confirms that PTX3 has a protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in sepsis. PTX3 upregulation reduces cell apoptosis and inflammation, while PTX3 downregulation has the opposite effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of PTX3 is achieved through the inhibition of the TLR signaling pathway. PTX3 inhibits the inflammatory response and reduces intestinal mucosal barrier damage in sepsis through the TLR signaling pathway.
Review
Immunology
Jieli Chen, Jun Yao
Summary: T-helper 22 (Th22) cells are a novel subset of CD4(+) T cells that secrete IL-22 while abstaining from secreting IL-17 and IFN-?. These cells are considered as the primary source of IL-22 and are believed to contribute to maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis in IBD. However, the exact functions of Th22 cells and IL-22 in this context are still debated. This study aims to provide an overview of the molecular structure characteristics and functional effects of Th22 cells and IL-22, as well as explore targeted treatment approaches and potential therapeutic strategies focusing on the Th22 and IL-22 pathways.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jae-Min Yuk, Eun-Jin Park, In Soo Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: Itaconate is an important immunometabolite with anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. Its derivatives and isomers have potential as drugs for inflammation and infection. However, the exact mechanisms of action and the therapeutic potential of Itaconate are not fully understood due to contradictory results and a lack of clinical data. Further research is needed to understand how itaconate exerts its effects and to explore its therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xingchen Huo, Qiwei Zhang, Jiao Chang, Gang Yang, Shan He, Chunrong Yang, Xufang Liang, Yongan Zhang, Jianguo Su
Summary: In this study, mandarin fish were fed with a soybean meal diet supplemented with different levels of nano antibacterial peptide C-I20. The results showed that feeding 160 mg/Kg C-I20 significantly improved the growth performance and intestinal health of mandarin fish and effectively reduced tissue injury. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of a reasonable concentration of nano antibacterial peptide C-I20 can effectively alleviate the negative effects of soybean meal and provide a new strategy for aquaculture development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ramon Roca-Pinilla, Leszek Lisowski, Anna Aris, Elena Garcia-Fruitos
Summary: Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small proteins with potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities, suitable for clinical applications. Traditional methods of producing antimicrobial peptides are expensive and toxic, making recombinant production of HDPs an alternative. This review explores different strategies for optimizing HDPs, including fine-tuning their activities, bioengineering, and recombinant production in various cell factories.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wenshuai Hao, Ruitao Cha, Mingzheng Wang, Pai Zhang, Xingyu Jiang
Summary: This review comprehensively discusses the impact of typical nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) and summarizes the treatment of intestinal diseases by using nanomaterials. Factors such as dosage, size, morphology, and surface functional groups of nanomaterials influence the effects on the IMB. There is huge potential for nanomaterials to regulate the IMB and achieve optimal therapeutic effects for antibiotics, oral vaccines, and drug carriers.
NANOSCALE HORIZONS
(2022)