Article
Developmental Biology
Miyuki Suzawa, Michelle L. Bland
Summary: Nutrients alone are not enough for animal growth and development, as insulin and related hormones are also necessary for normal growth. These hormones communicate nutrient status between organs, allowing animals to coordinate growth and metabolism. Insulin signaling plays important roles in development and metabolism, and defects in insulin production and signaling can lead to diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tooru M. Mizuno, Pei San Lew, Gursagar Jhanji
Summary: The study found that high concentrations of glucose can activate microglial cells by increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, while fructose has no such effect. In addition, in microglial cells, the use of a GLUT5 inhibitor can partially attenuate the glucose-induced changes in pro-inflammatory gene expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jibran A. Wali, Duan Ni, Harrison J. W. Facey, Tim Dodgson, Tamara J. Pulpitel, Alistair M. Senior, David Raubenheimer, Laurence Macia, Stephen J. Simpson
Summary: This study investigates the metabolic effects of sugars and fat, specifically the interaction between dietary fat and the main monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, on body composition and metabolic health. The results show that a 50:50 mixture of fructose and glucose, similar to high-fructose corn syrup, consumed in low and medium dietary fat content, is more obesogenic and metabolically adverse than when either monosaccharide is consumed alone. The effects of dietary sugar composition become less pronounced with increasing dietary fat content, and higher fat intake is more harmful for glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity regardless of the sugar mix consumed.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jasmin M. Alves, Alexandra G. Yunker, Shan Luo, Kay Jann, Brendan Angelo, Alexis DeFendis, Trevor A. Pickering, Alexandro Smith, John R. Monterosso, Kathleen A. Page
Summary: This study examined the associations between BMI and dietary sugar intake with FGF21, and the relationship between circulating FGF21 and brain signaling following sucrose ingestion. The results showed that higher levels of circulating FGF21 were associated with reduced blood flow in the striatum after sucrose ingestion, and BMI was positively associated with FGF21 levels in response to sucrose. Individuals with a healthy weight had a greater FGF21 response to acute sucrose ingestion with high dietary sugar intake, while individuals with overweight or obesity did not show a significant association.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paola A. Ramos, Kelli A. Lytle, Danae Delivanis, Soren Nielsen, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Michael D. Jensen
Summary: The study found that there were no defects in insulin receptor signaling at the Akt/AS160 level in the muscles of obese individuals, indicating uncertainties in the mechanism of muscle insulin resistance in obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thunnicha Ondee, Krit Pongpirul, Kanyarat Udompornpitak, Warumphon Sukkummee, Thanapat Lertmongkolaksorn, Sayamon Senaprom, Asada Leelahavanichkul
Summary: High-sugar diet-induced prediabetes and obesity can result from glucose or fructose. This study compared the health impacts of these two sugars and found that both caused similar levels of obesity and prediabetes, but fructose resulted in more severe liver damage while glucose caused more significant intestinal permeability damage. However, the administration of L. plantarum dfa1 attenuated these damages.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiwen Zhu, Dongdong Li, Zeran Jia, Wenhao Zhang, Yuling Chen, Ruixue Zhao, Yan-Ping Zhang, Wen-Hong Zhang, Haiteng Deng, Yinqing Li, Wei Li, Shouhong Guang, Guangshuo Ou
Summary: Eukaryotic organisms adapt to environmental fluctuations by altering their epigenomic landscapes and transcriptional programs. Histone H2Bs are globally degraded in Caenorhabditis elegans during starvation, and the mechanisms underlying this degradation involve ubiquitin and ubiquitin-related enzymes. The retention of aberrant nucleosomal H2Bs leads to abnormal gene expression and impacts animal viability. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates chromosomal histone turnover in human cells.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aldona Kasprzak
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common aggressive carcinoma with poor prognosis, often associated with metabolic syndrome and high blood sugar levels. The role of IGF-1 in glucose metabolism in colorectal carcinogenesis and its potential link to the Warburg effect require further investigation. Current therapeutic strategies targeting impaired glucose metabolism in CRC are being explored to improve treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Valentina Osorio Perez, Luis Geronimo Matallana Perez, Mario Roberto Fernandez-Alduenda, Cristina Ines Alvarez Barreto, Claudia Patricia Gallego Agudelo, Esther Cecilia Montoya Restrepo
Summary: This study analyzed different levels of maturity in coffee and found that they have varying chemical and sensory characteristics, but no significant impact. The maximum value of the a* chromatic coordinate on the CIEL*a*b* scale was 25.16, and the evaluated states were different from each other.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arlet Hernandez, Manoj Sonavane, Kelly R. Smith, Jensyn Seiger, Marie E. Migaud, Natalie R. Gassman
Summary: Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the active ingredient in sunless tanning products and a byproduct of e-cigarette combustion, has various effects on cells including cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, the toxic effects of millimolar doses of DHA on HepG3 cells were investigated, revealing suppression of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways and altered mTOR signaling. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial-specific injury led to cell cycle arrest and cell death through a non-classical apoptotic mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jairo Azocar-Gallardo, Alex Ojeda-Aravena, Eduardo Baez-San Martin, Victor Campos-Uribe, Luis Gonzalez-Rojas, Maria A. Castillo Cerda, Jose Manuel Garcia-Garcia
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of body composition on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic markers. The results showed that higher fat-free mass and lower body mass index were positively related to better cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of insulin resistance status.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomoko Okuyama, Mayu Kyohara, Yasuo Terauchi, Jun Shirakawa
Summary: IGFs mainly mediate long-term actions in cell fates, while insulin predominantly exerts its role on metabolic activities. The interactions between insulin receptor signaling and IGF-I receptor signaling in metabolism and cell fates are complicated, and the function of IGF-I in respective tissues remains insufficiently understood. Clarifying the precise roles of IGF-I signaling on metabolism separate from those of insulin signaling is necessary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Linda A. Gallo, Tania F. Gallo, Sophia L. Young, Amelia K. Fotheringham, Johanna L. Barclay, Jacqueline L. Walker, Karen M. Moritz, Lisa K. Akison
Summary: There is a lack of data on whether Australian university students are meeting specific nutrient guidelines, and the study found that a large proportion of students do not meet recommendations for fruits, vegetables, fibre, calcium, and potassium. Female students especially showed low intakes of calcium and iron. Majority of students met the physical activity requirements, but there were signs of early insulin resistance in some students. Increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy, as well as focusing on iron-rich foods for females, could help correct nutrient deficiencies. While these deficiencies did not show immediate health concerns, they can have long-term effects on overall health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ming-Jun Chen, Jing Leng, Jian-Ping Ni, Ai-Ling Xiong, Man-Yun Hu
Summary: This study examined the association between fasting plasma C-peptide levels and sarcopenia, revealing a U-shaped relationship with lower risk in the range of 774-939 pmol/L.
Article
Neurosciences
Yahong Zhang, Carl Stoelzel Michael Ezrokhi, Tsung-Huang Tsai, Anthony H. Cincotta
Summary: The SuMN area plays a crucial role in regulating peripheral fuel metabolism. Inhibiting SuMN neuronal activity under high fat diet conditions induces metabolic syndrome, while activating SuMN neurons at the natural peak time can improve insulin resistance and obesity.
Review
Toxicology
Sigurd Lenzen, Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Fritz Scholz
Summary: The toxicity of H2O2 is limited, but it can distribute its toxic effect throughout the cell due to its stability and long half-life. The highly toxic HO• radical is generated from H2O2 and its action is locally restricted. H2O2 acts as a spreader of the HO• radical, and they depend on each other to execute their toxic effects.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Charlotte Graham, Rhoda Stefanatos, Angeline E. H. Yek, Ruth Spriggs, Samantha H. Y. Loh, Alejandro Huerta Uribe, Tong Zhang, L. Miguel Martins, Oliver D. K. Maddocks, Filippo Scialo, Alberto Sanz
Summary: In this study, the mechanism of ROS signaling loss during aging was elucidated. The ROS-RET signaling requires increased electron entry and uninterrupted electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC). It was found that in old fruit flies, ROS-RET is abolished when electron flux is decreased and their mitochondria consistently produce high levels of mtROS. Additionally, limiting electron exit from the ETC in young flies also mimics the mtROS generation observed in old individuals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria M. Bayliak, Oleh Demianchuk, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Vitalii A. Balatskyi, Volodymyr Lushchak
Summary: This study investigated the effects of essential amino acid l-arginine and ethanol on the physiological and biochemical parameters of fruit flies. The results showed that excessive l-arginine intake led to various changes in physiology and biochemistry, while ethanol intake increased resistance to starvation but decreased resistance to sodium nitroprusside. The combination of l-arginine and ethanol had interactive effects.
DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria E. O'Hanlon, Clare Tweedy, Filippo Scialo, Rosemary Bass, Alberto Sanz, Tora K. Smulders-Srinivasan
Summary: Our study investigated the impact of mitochondrial respiratory complex mutations in a fruit fly model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that mutations in certain subunits of the complexes have interactions with parkin, a gene associated with PD, while others do not. An intriguing mutation in a complex IV subunit showed a suppressor effect on motor defects caused by the PD mutation, suggesting it as a potential target for drug discovery. Most mutations had varying degrees of enhancement or suppression of PD phenotypes. Further investigation of the strongest enhancer mutation revealed that the interactions may be related to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, rather than defects in ATP production.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Uliana V. Semaniuk, Dmytro V. Gospodaryov, Olha M. Strilbytska, Alicja Z. Kucharska, Anna Sokol-Letowska, Nadia I. Burdyliuk, Kenneth B. Storey, Maria M. Bayliak, Oleh Lushchak
Summary: The study found that consumption of food supplemented with chili pepper powder can extend the lifespan of fruit flies, but this extension is not related to the antioxidant defense system. The effects of different concentrations of chili powder on fruit flies are gender-dependent.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria M. Bayliak, Myroslava V. Vatashchuk, Dmytro Gospodaryov, ViktoriaV Hurza, Oleh I. Demianchuk, Marian Ivanochko, Nadia I. Burdyliuk, Kenneth B. Storey, Oleh Lushchak, Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high fat high fructose diet (HFFD) on mouse liver and found that it activated fructolysis and glycolysis, induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) had weak modulating effects on HFFD-induced oxidative stress and changes in energetics in mouse liver.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatriz Castejon-Vega, Mario D. D. Cordero, Alberto Sanz
Summary: In the past, mtROS were seen as byproducts of cellular metabolism and drivers of ageing and age-related diseases. Now, we know that mtROS serve as important cellular messengers, playing a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and influencing cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival. However, dysregulated mtROS signaling can contribute to degenerative diseases. This review focuses on the signaling pathways involving mtROS and their role in ageing.
Letter
Cell Biology
Dmytro V. Gospodaryov
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Uliana Semaniuk, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Olha M. Strilbytska, Alicja Z. Kucharska, Anna Sokot-Letowska, Nadia Burdyliuk, Kenneth B. Storey, Maria M. Bayliak, Oleh Lushchak
Summary: Chili powder, a widely used spice, has been found to improve healthspan in humans. A recent study investigated the effects of chili-supplemented food on fruit flies and found that it can extend lifespan, with the effect depending on the concentration of chili powder and gender. Consumption of chili-supplemented food also led to metabolic changes and increased resistance to cold shock in fruit flies.
Article
Toxicology
Maria M. Bayliak, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Summary: Recent studies have shown that AKG can prolong lifespan and delay age-related decline in a dose-dependent manner in several model organisms. AKG mimics a state of caloric restriction and induces hormesis, which may be possible mechanisms underlying its lifespan-extending effects. AKG can mimic caloric restriction and stimulate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, and moderate increase in ROS levels can induce defensive mechanisms resulting in biologically beneficial effects.
CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Olha M. Strilbyska, Sviatoslav A. Tsiumpala, Ivanna I. Kozachyshyn, Tetiana Strutynska, Nadia Burdyliuk, Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Oleh Lushchak
Summary: The effects of pesticides on non-target organisms in agricultural areas are crucial for their safe use. Roundup, a widely used herbicide, has been found to have adverse effects on animals and humans, including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, and behavioral disorders. These effects may be caused by the herbicide's impact on the bioenergetic functions of mitochondria, potentially leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Myroslava V. Vatashchuk, Maria M. Bayliak, Viktoria V. Hurza, Kenneth B. Storey, Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Summary: Research has shown that fruit flies and small mammalian models share similarities with humans in basic metabolic functions and molecular mechanisms regulating metabolic processes. Various methods, including diet-induced and genetically induced animal models, have been developed to study the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of MetS.
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sang Hyuck Lee, Mi Ae Kim, Young Chang Sohn
Summary: This study characterized the CCAP signaling system in Pacific abalone and revealed its relationship with the calcium/PKC and cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathways. It provides new insights into the evolutionary origins of the NPS and OT/VP signaling systems in protostomes.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanna Scheuffele, Erica V. Todd, John A. Donald, Timothy D. Clark
Summary: Global warming is causing an increase in extreme weather events, affecting ecosystems and the behavior of ectotherms. More research is needed to understand the impact of diurnal thermal variability and improve climate change predictions.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaakko Haverinen, Ahmed Badr, Markus Eskelinen, Matti Vornanen
Summary: The acclimatization of certain ectothermic vertebrates to winter conditions involves reduced energy consumption, achieved through decreased movement activity, depression of cellular functions, or switching to anaerobic energy production. This study on crucian carp showed that winter-acclimatized fish exhibited lower metabolic rates and a shift to anaerobic energy production during anoxia. Winter dormancy in crucian carp is achieved through active reduction of energy consumption, a slowed metabolic rate, and a direct response to oxygen absence.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Cruz Sueiro, Cynthia A. Awruch, Gustavo M. Somoza, Walter S. Svagelj, Maria G. Palacios
Summary: According to life-history theory, there might be different immunological strategies between reproductive and non-reproductive periods due to limited resources. Our study on two sympatric marine fish species, rockfish and sandperch, found that reproductive individuals showed lower immune function, but higher levels of natural antibodies in rockfish females, compared to their non-reproductive counterparts. On the other hand, reproductively active sandperch males showed lower levels of natural antibodies and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and spleen index compared to non-reproductive males. The study highlights the species-specific patterns of immunity and the potential influence of resource limitation and abiotic factors on immune trade-offs in fish.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James B. Cummins, Dane A. Crossley II
Summary: This study focuses on cardiovascular development in altricial bird species, which has been less studied compared to precocial species. The researchers investigated the cholinergic and adrenergic receptor mediated control of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the neotropic cormorant. The findings suggest that both cholinergic and adrenergic tone play a role in cardiovascular regulation in embryonic birds.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ru Xia, Hong-Kang Liu, Xi-Feng Liu, Xin Deng, Chuan-Jie Qin, Yuan-Fa He, Shi-Mei Lin, Yong-Jun Chen
Summary: This study cloned the genes encoding glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit in largemouth bass, revealing their distribution and transcriptional regulation. The results showed that the functions of G6pc and Gck in LMB were highly conserved in evolution, and the interconversion of glucose and G6P in the liver was well regulated at the transcript level under high starch diet, but a futile cycle was induced after a glucose load.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)