A primer on the use of mouse models for identifying direct sex chromosome effects that cause sex differences in non-gonadal tissues

Stroke sensitivity in the aged: sex chromosome complement vs. gonadal hormones

(2016) Louise D. McCullough et al.   Aging-US

The importance of having two X chromosomes

(2016) Arthur P. Arnold et al.   PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Mouse Y-Encoded Transcription Factor Zfy2 Is Essential for Sperm Head Remodelling and Sperm Tail Development

(2016) Nadege Vernet et al.   PLoS One

The XX Sex Chromosome Complement is Required in Male and Female Mice for Enhancement of Immunity Induced by Exposure to 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide

(2015) Ida Holásková et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY

Sex differences in diurnal rhythms of food intake in mice caused by gonadal hormones and complement of sex chromosomes

(2015) Xuqi Chen et al.   HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR

Genetic conflict reflected in tissue-specific maps of genomic imprinting in human and mouse

(2015) Tomas Babak et al.   NATURE GENETICS

TALEN-Mediated Gene Disruption on Y Chromosome Reveals Critical Role of EIF2S3Y in Mouse Spermatogenesis

(2015) Yohei Matsubara et al.   STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT

Noncanonical Genomic Imprinting Effects in Offspring

(2015) Paul J. Bonthuis et al.   Cell Reports

Mouse Y-Encoded Transcription Factor Zfy2 Is Essential for Sperm Formation and Function in Assisted Fertilization

(2015) Yasuhiro Yamauchi et al.   PLoS Genetics

Escape from X Inactivation Varies in Mouse Tissues

(2015) Joel B. Berletch et al.   PLoS Genetics

Sex chromosome-to-autosome transposition events counter Y-chromosome gene loss in mammals

(2015) Jennifer F Hughes et al.   GENOME BIOLOGY

Are females more variable than males in gene expression? Meta-analysis of microarray datasets

(2015) Yuichiro Itoh et al.   Biology of Sex Differences

Separate effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes on brain structure and function revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spatial navigation assessment of the Four Core Genotype mouse model

(2014) Christina Corre et al.   Brain Structure & Function

The number of X chromosomes influences protection from cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice: one X is better than two

(2014) J. Li et al.   CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH

Sequencing the Mouse Y Chromosome Reveals Convergent Gene Acquisition and Amplification on Both Sex Chromosomes

(2014) Y.Q. Shirleen Soh et al.   CELL

The expression of Y-linked Zfy2 in XY mouse oocytes leads to frequent meiosis 2 defects, a high incidence of subsequent early cleavage stage arrest and infertility

(2014) N. Vernet et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Conceptual frameworks and mouse models for studying sex differences in physiology and disease: Why compensation changes the game

(2014) Arthur P. Arnold   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Mouse model systems to study sex chromosome genes and behavior: Relevance to humans

(2014) Kimberly H. Cox et al.   FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

A Mouse Geneticist's Practical Guide to CRISPR Applications

(2014) P. Singh et al.   GENETICS

Turner syndrome revisited: review of new data supports the hypothesis that all viable 45,X cases are cryptic mosaics with a rescue cell line, implying an origin by mitotic loss

(2014) Ernest B. Hook et al.   HUMAN GENETICS

Sex Differences in Ischemic Stroke Sensitivity Are Influenced by Gonadal Hormones, Not by Sex Chromosome Complement

(2014) Bharti Manwani et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators

(2014) Daniel W. Bellott et al.   NATURE

Origins and functional evolution of Y chromosomes across mammals

(2014) Diego Cortez et al.   NATURE

X chromosome regulation: diverse patterns in development, tissues and disease

(2014) Xinxian Deng et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Cellular Resolution Maps of X Chromosome Inactivation: Implications for Neural Development, Function, and Disease

(2014) Hao Wu et al.   NEURON

XY sex chromosome complement, compared with XX, in the CNS confers greater neurodegeneration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2014) S. Du et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Mouse Y-Linked Zfy1 and Zfy2 Are Expressed during the Male-Specific Interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II and Promote the 2nd Meiotic Division

(2014) Nadège Vernet et al.   PLoS Genetics

Altered brain gene expression but not steroid biochemistry in a genetic mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorder

(2014) Simon Trent et al.   Molecular Autism

One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering

(2013) Haoyi Wang et al.   CELL

X-Inactivation, Imprinting, and Long Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease

(2013) Jeannie T. Lee et al.   CELL

Cell-autonomous sex determination outside of the gonad

(2013) Arthur P. Arnold et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS

Neural Growth Hormone Implicated in Body Weight Sex Differences

(2013) Paul J. Bonthuis et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

X and Y Chromosome Complement Influence Adiposity and Metabolism in Mice

(2013) Xuqi Chen et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

TALEN-mediated editing of the mouse Y chromosome

(2013) Haoyi Wang et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Dissociable Effects of Sry and Sex Chromosome Complement on Activity, Feeding and Anxiety-Related Behaviours in Mice

(2013) Eleni Kopsida et al.   PLoS One

The XX sex chromosome complement in mice is associated with increased spontaneous lupus compared with XY

(2012) Manda V Sasidhar et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Dosage Compensation of the Sex Chromosomes

(2012) Christine M. Disteche   Annual Review of Genetics

Sexual differentiation in the developing mouse brain: contributions of sex chromosome genes

(2012) J. T. Wolstenholme et al.   GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR

Human and mouse ZFY genes produce a conserved testis-specific transcript encoding a zinc finger protein with a short acidic domain and modified transactivation potential

(2012) Fanny Decarpentrie et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Biological mechanisms associated with increased perseveration and hyperactivity in a genetic mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorder

(2012) Simon Trent et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

A Genetic Basis for a Postmeiotic X Versus Y Chromosome Intragenomic Conflict in the Mouse

(2012) Julie Cocquet et al.   PLoS Genetics

UTX and UTY Demonstrate Histone Demethylase-Independent Function in Mouse Embryonic Development

(2012) Karl B. Shpargel et al.   PLoS Genetics

The Number of X Chromosomes Causes Sex Differences in Adiposity in Mice

(2012) Xuqi Chen et al.   PLoS Genetics

The Y-Encoded Gene Zfy2 Acts to Remove Cells with Unpaired Chromosomes at the First Meiotic Metaphase in Male Mice

(2011) Nadège Vernet et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

The single active X in human cells: evolutionary tinkering personified

(2011) Barbara R. Migeon   HUMAN GENETICS

Association of Sly with sex-linked gene amplification during mouse evolution: a side effect of genomic conflict in spermatids?

(2011) Peter J.I. Ellis et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Epigenetic regulation of autosomal gene expression by sex chromosomes

(2011) Patrick J. Wijchers et al.   TRENDS IN GENETICS

Transcriptional changes in response to X chromosome dosage in the mouse: implications for X inactivation and the molecular basis of Turner Syndrome

(2010) Alexandra M Lopes et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Evidence that Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation Is Essential for Male Fertility

(2010) Hélène Royo et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Sexual Dimorphism in Mammalian Autosomal Gene Regulation Is Determined Not Only by Sry but by Sex Chromosome Complement As Well

(2010) Patrick J. Wijchers et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Global survey of escape from X inactivation by RNA-sequencing in mouse

(2010) F. Yang et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

(2010) B. Lemos et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

X chromosome number causes sex differences in gene expression in adult mouse striatum

(2009) Xuqi Chen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

The organizational–activational hypothesis as the foundation for a unified theory of sexual differentiation of all mammalian tissues

(2009) Arthur P. Arnold   HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR

Human RBMY regulates germline-specific splicing events by modulating the function of the serine/arginine-rich proteins 9G8 and Tra2- 

(2009) N. Dreumont et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

The Multicopy Gene Sly Represses the Sex Chromosomes in the Male Mouse Germline after Meiosis

(2009) Julie Cocquet et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Aggressive behaviors in adult SF-1 knockout mice that are not exposed to gonadal steroids during development.

(2008) Neza Grgurevic et al.   BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE

Sex differences in brain developing in the presence or absence of gonads

(2008) Tomaz Büdefeld et al.   Developmental Neurobiology

What does the “four core genotypes” mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues?

(2008) Arthur P. Arnold et al.   FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Spermatogenesis-specific association of SMCY and MSH5

(2008) Chihiro Akimoto et al.   GENES TO CELLS

Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice

(2008) A MCPHIELALMANSINGH et al.   HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR

A role for sex chromosome complement in the female bias in autoimmune disease

(2008) Deborah L. Smith-Bouvier et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Sex-Specific Differences in Expression of Histone Demethylases Utx and Uty in Mouse Brain and Neurons

(2008) J. Xu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Sex Chromosome Complement Affects Nociception and Analgesia in Newborn Mice

(2008) Laura Gioiosa et al.   JOURNAL OF PAIN

Sex-Specific Expression of the X-Linked Histone Demethylase Gene Jarid1c in Brain

(2008) Jun Xu et al.   PLoS One

Polymorphic Y Chromosomes Harbor Cryptic Variation with Manifold Functional Consequences

(2008) B. Lemos et al.   SCIENCE

Sex difference in neural tube defects inp53-null mice is caused by differences in the complement of X not Y genes

(2007) Xuqi Chen et al.   Developmental Neurobiology