TNFα up-regulates COX-2 in chronic progressive nephropathy through nuclear accumulation of ReIB and NF-κB2

Objective: The pathogenesis of progressive nephropathies involves inflammatory factors. The inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can limit renal damage and inflammation. However, the mechanism of up-regulation of COX-2 in nephropathy is poorly defined. Materials and methods: Here we found that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was involved in expression of COX-2 in normal rat kidney (NRK) cell line. Results: TNF alpha stimulated COX-2 production in a time-dependent manner in NRK cells by inducing nuclear accumulation of RelB and nuclear factor kappa B2 (NF-kappa B2) and their association with COX-2 gene promoter. Depletion of IB-inducing kinase alpha, a positive regulator of activation of p100 processing to active p52, attenuated TNF alpha induced COX-2 production. Furthermore, TNF induced COX-2 production and nuclear import in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) nephropathy. Discussion and conclusion: These data suggest that TNF alpha-RelB/p52 pathway may be involved in the early stages of renal damage, in part by stimulating COX-2 and inflammatory responses.