Article
Energy & Fuels
Andri D. Setiawan, Teuku Naraski Zahari, Kenny Anderson, Armand O. Moeis, Akhmad Hidayatno
Summary: The government worldwide is promoting the transition to electric vehicles such as electric motorcycles to improve energy saving and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, technical challenges such as price, range, and charging time have hindered the adoption of electric motorcycles. Battery swapping is an alternative solution, but the battery swapping service industry faces issues such as battery standardisation, infrastructure readiness, and investment cost that can make it less profitable. This study examines policies for developing a profitable battery swapping service industry, focusing on the case of Indonesia, and finds that price and infrastructure instruments are crucial for boosting battery swapping adoption.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Swapnil R. Revankar, Vaiju N. Kalkhambkar
Summary: Battery Swapping Station (BSS) offers an alternative way to charge Electric Vehicles (EVs), serving as grid scale energy storage with significant potential. It has a broad review of its relation with EVs and power grid, discussing various operations, research on grid integrated BSS, optimization strategies, case studies, as well as challenges and trends. BSS shows promise for the widespread adoption of EVs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xinyu Li, Yue Cao, Shaohua Wan, Shuohan Liu, Hai Lin, Yongdong Zhu
Summary: This article investigates the problem of service management based on battery heterogeneity in battery swapping technology. The offline optimization problem is theoretically analyzed using bipartite matching. An online framework is proposed to address the real-time operation and ensure fair charging. Simulation results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed scheme in balancing the demands of multiple participants.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hasan Mehrjerdi
Summary: This paper explores battery swapping and energy resilience in a building integrated with electric vehicles, reserve batteries, and solar energy. By coordinating the EV and reserve battery for battery swapping, the building is able to operate under both off-grid and grid-tied states, improving energy resilience.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Pengcheng You, John Z. F. Pang, Steven H. Low
Summary: This paper investigates the problem of online station assignment for commercial electric vehicles that request battery swapping, and proposes an efficient algorithm that performs well on realistic inputs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ali Ebadi Torkayesh, Muhammet Deveci
Summary: Due to high popularity of electric scooters, locating battery swapping stations (BSS) in big cities is challenging. This paper proposes a robust decision-making tool TRUST for BSS location selection, utilizing multi-normalization techniques and distance measures. A case study in Istanbul shows Beyoglu as the best location for BSS for electric scooters.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Congbo Li, Ningbo Wang, Wei Li, Qian Yi, Dongfeng Qi
Summary: In recent years, electric vehicles have gained popularity among consumers. However, issues such as long charging time, high battery purchase costs, and large charging load have hindered their development. This study proposes a battery centralized scheduling strategy to address these problems by optimizing battery swap scenarios, resulting in reduced costs and charging load.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhengke Liu, Xiaolei Ma, Xiaohan Liu, Goncalo Homem de Almeida Correia, Ruifeng Shi, Wenlong Shang
Summary: This study proposes a novel modular battery swapping mode (BSM) that allows electric taxi (ET) drivers to choose the number of battery blocks to rent according to their driving range requirements and habits, improving the economic profitability and operational flexibility of battery swapping stations (BSS). By using a data-driven approach to optimize the configuration of modular BSS considering time-of-use (ToU) pricing, the study shows that the BSS with modular BSM can save 38% on the investment cost of ET battery blocks and performs better in response to the ToU price compared to the benchmark.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Yanling Deng, Zhibin Chen, Pengyu Yan, Renxin Zhong
Summary: This study focuses on the optimal design of a battery swapping station system for a dedicated-line transportation service of electric trucks, aiming to minimize the total system cost by considering battery degradation and proposing a battery charging management strategy.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhaohao Ding, Wenrui Tan, Wenbing Lu, Wei-Jen Lee
Summary: This article investigates the interaction issue between the autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system and battery swapping stations (BSSs), and proposes a bilevel optimization algorithm to determine the appropriate swapping price. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated using real-world data. The research findings are of significant importance for improving the sustainability of shared mobility.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Min-Der Lin, Ping-Yu Liu, Jia-Hong Kuo, Yu-Hao Lin
Summary: This study proposes a grid-based multiobjective stochastic allocation model for scooter BSS, aiming to address the uncertain nature of battery swapping demand. By utilizing sample average approximation and Monte Carlo simulation, the model proves effective in solving the uncertain BSD problem and optimizing BSS allocation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Hasan Shaker, Hossein Farzin, Elaheh Mashhour
Summary: This paper presents a framework for optimal planning of battery swapping stations (BSS) in centralized charging mode. In this mode, the batteries are charged at a central charging station (CCS). Then they will be distributed among BSSs. Moreover, there is no charging equipment at BSSs, and depleted batteries are returned to the CCS to recharge. Firstly, a probabilistic model is developed to estimate the power consumption profile of the CCS. Then, a planning framework comprised of linear and nonlinear parts is introduced to minimize the total investment and operation costs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zilong Zhao, Daxin Tian, Xuting Duan, Randong Xiao
Summary: Electric taxis are beneficial for reducing urban polluting gas emissions. However, the uneven utilization of charging stations in battery swapping activities of electric taxis results in long swapping times and hampers operational efficiency. This study proposes a real-time joint scheduling approach to minimize the total expenses of battery swapping for electric taxis. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology, saving up to 7.61% in total expenses.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mingze Zhang, Weidong Li, Samson Shenglong Yu, Kerui Wen, Chen Zhou, Peng Shi
Summary: This paper proposes a double-stage coordinative decision-making framework for battery swapping and charging stations (BSCSs), using distributed robust optimization for multi-timescale battery inventories to maximize annual income. The framework enhances scheduling flexibility of BSCSs, improves regional load characteristics, and has been tested and verified through extensive simulation and comparison studies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhaojun Yang, Xu Hu, Jun Sun, Quanlong Lei, Yali Zhang
Summary: In countries promoting EV diffusion, battery swapping provides a market outlet for time-sensitive consumers and serves as a green policy channel. This study uses a Hotelling model to analyze the competitive market between battery swapping and charging service providers, exploring the scenarios of no subsidization, consumer subsidization, and provider subsidization to maximize social welfare. The findings, considering subsidy amount, consumer time preferences, service time, and operating costs, offer valuable insights for policymakers. Subsidizing service providers instead of end consumers proves more effective, and controlling incentive amount to avoid harming charging services is necessary.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
