Article
Veterinary Sciences
Qiangde Duan, Shengmei Pang, Lili Feng, Jiaqi Liu, Linfen Lv, Baoliang Li, Yuxuan Liang, Guoqiang Zhu
Summary: Heat-labile enterotoxin enhances bacterial adherence by upregulating adhesin and enterotoxin expression in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. These findings provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of heat-labile enterotoxin and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jun-Young Park, Seung-Hak Cho
Summary: This study constructed a peptide-specific monoclonal antibody library against heat-labile enterotoxin A subunit (LT-A) through epitope mapping, providing a basis for the development of an ETEC vaccine. Monoclonal antibodies were produced to improve the specificity of LT-A detection using synthetic peptides. The antibodies showed specificity and neutralizing effects, highlighting their importance in ETEC vaccine production and antigen identification.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Di Liu, Yafen Zhan, Xiaoying Wu, Hongping Qiao, Yeli Zhang, Bo Li
Summary: Developing safe and effective delivery vehicles for intracellular protein drugs is crucial in biomedical research and clinical applications. In this study, an octopus-like self-releasing intracellular protein transporter, LEB5, was designed based on the heat-labile enterotoxin. It showed the ability to transport and release protein medicines into cells safely and effectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tida Lee, Ramiro L. Gutierrez, Milton Maciel, Steven Poole, Kayla J. Testa, Stefanie Trop, Christopher Duplessis, Alison Lane, Mark S. Riddle, Melinda Hamer, Ashley Alcala, Michael Prouty, Nicole Maier, Rahsan Erdem, A. Louis Bourgeois, Chad K. Porter
Summary: The study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the CS6-targeted candidate vaccine CssBA co-administered intramuscularly with the double-mutant heat-labile enterotoxin dmLT. The vaccine was found to be safe and well-tolerated across all dose cohorts, inducing robust antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner with a clear dmLT adjuvant effect. This paves the way for future studies to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccine target and development of a multivalent, subunit ETEC vaccine.
Article
Biology
Miki Okuno, Yoko Arimizu, Seina Miyahara, Yuki Wakabayashi, Yasuhiro Gotoh, Shuji Yoshino, Tetsuya Harada, Kazuko Seto, Takeshi Yamamoto, Keiji Nakamura, Tetsuya Hayashi, Yoshitoshi Ogura
Summary: A cryptic clade of Escherichia coli, known as C-I, has been identified as a potential human intestinal pathogen. It possesses virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, including Stx toxin genes. Further surveillance and population studies of C-I strains are needed to better understand their characteristics and infections.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shahnawaz Butt, Jeffrey Gagnon, Mazen Saleh
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in L cells. It is found that STb disrupts intestinal fluid homeostasis and promotes cell death, while GLP-2 enhances cell proliferation and inhibits enterocyte apoptosis. The study also reveals that STb stimulates GLP-2 secretion in L cells, but high levels of GLP-2 can counteract the toxicity of STb. GLP-2 or receptor agonists may have the potential to improve cell viability in response to toxins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Carolin Kling, Arto T. Pulliainen, Holger Barth, Katharina Ernst
Summary: The study identified human antimicrobial peptides α-defensin-1 and -5 as inhibitors of the pertussis toxin (PT) activity, demonstrating a potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against whooping cough.
Review
Microbiology
Xiaoling Su, Xiaoxing You, Haodang Luo, Keying Liang, Li Chen, Wei Tian, Zufeng Ye, Jun He
Summary: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection leads to respiratory diseases, especially atypical pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia, often affecting children and adults. The exotoxin CARDS TX produced by M. pneumoniae has been extensively studied for its pathogenic effects and inflammatory responses, providing a theoretical basis for further research on infection mechanisms and clinical interventions.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Diana Rodriguez-Valverde, Nancy Leon-Montes, Tania Siqueiros-Cendon, Sandra Rivera-Gutierrez, Miguel A. Ares, Miguel A. De la Cruz
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains produce heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins, which cause watery secretory diarrhea in human ETEC infection. The CpxRA two-component system (TCS) regulates the transcription of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria. A study shows that the CpxRA TCS negatively regulates the LT, a major virulence determinant of ETEC, by directly binding to the eltAB operon and down-regulating its transcription.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiangde Duan, Shengmei Pang, Lili Feng, Baoliang Li, Linfen Lv, Yuxuan Liang, Guoqiang Zhu
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that both subunits of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), A (LTA) and B (LTB), play important roles in enhancing bacterial adherence. LTA increases bacterial adhesion molecules expression, while LTB mediates the initial interaction with GM1 receptors of host cells. Our study also showed that cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cholesterol play significant roles in LT-enhanced bacterial adherence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Petra Girardi, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Samuel B. Lundin, Shushan Harutyunyan, Irene Neuhauser, Farhana Khanam, Gabor Nagy, Valeria Szijarto, Tamas Henics, Eszter Nagy, Ali M. Harandi, Firdausi Qadri
Summary: A sero-epidemiology study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh examined the immune responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection in adults and children. The study found that ST-positive ETEC is the main cause of infection in adults, while in children the situation is different. The levels of anti-ST antibodies were very low and no neutralizing activity was detected. On the other hand, infection with ETEC strains expressing the heat-labile toxin (LT) induced systemic antibody responses in less than 25% of subjects, and the antibody levels correlated well with cholera toxin (CT).
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jinfang Jia, Maria Braune-Yan, Stefanie Lietz, Mary Wahba, Arto T. Pulliainen, Holger Barth, Katharina Ernst
Summary: Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin are ADP-ribosylating toxins that require cellular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70, cyclophilins, and FK506-binding proteins for translocation. Inhibition of chaperone activities can protect cells from PT and C2 intoxication. Domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, was found to inhibit Hsp70 activity and protect cells from intoxication. Domperidone inhibits enzyme subunit translocation and reduces toxin uptake, making it a potential therapeutic agent for diseases caused by bacterial toxins that require Hsp70.
Article
Microbiology
Miki Okuno, Nami Tsuru, Shuji Yoshino, Yasuhiro Gotoh, Takeshi Yamamoto, Tetsuya Hayashi, Yoshitoshi Ogura
Summary: This study reports the first isolation of an Escherichia fergusonii strain carrying the elt1 gene, which encodes heat-labile enterotoxin 1, from a patient in Japan. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of elt1-positive E. fergusonii strains isolated from poultry in the United Kingdom. Interestingly, the elt1 gene in the human isolate was integrated into the chromosome, while in the poultry isolate it was present on a large plasmid.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Shannon L. Kordus, Audrey K. Thomas, D. Borden Lacy
Summary: Clostridioides difficile produces up to three different toxins, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of colon infection. In this Review, Kordus, Thomas, and Lacy discuss the structure and function of these toxins and how this information guides new therapeutic approaches. Understanding the mechanisms of host-toxin interactions provides a foundation for developing novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Clayton M. Carey, Sarah E. Apple, Zoe A. Hilbert, Michael S. Kay, Nels C. Elde
Summary: The study found that mammals exhibit species-specific resistance to diarrheal pathogens, particularly in primates and bats. The diversification of the intestinal receptor GC-C in bats can lead to compensatory mutations in the endogenous ligand, suggesting that pathogens may have driven the evolution of this signaling axis to some extent.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Charles A. Day, Nicholas W. Baetz, Courtney A. Copeland, Lewis J. Kraft, Bing Han, Ajit Tiwari, Kimberly R. Drake, Heidi De Luca, Daniel J. -F. Chinnapen, Michael W. Davidson, Randall K. Holmes, Michael G. Jobling, Trina A. Schroer, Wayne I. Lencer, Anne K. Kenworthy
Article
Food Science & Technology
Michael G. Jobling, Lisa F. Gotow, Zhijie Yang, Randall K. Holmes
Article
Microbiology
Bruce McCollister, Cassandra V. Kotter, Daniel N. Frank, Taylor Washburn, Michael G. Jobling
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2016)
Article
Biophysics
Krishnan Raghunathan, Tiffany H. Wong, Daniel J. Chinnapen, Wayne I. Lencer, Michael G. Jobling, Anne K. Kenworthy
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2016)
Letter
Microbiology
Michael G. Jobling
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tuhina Banerjee, Michael Taylor, Michael G. Jobling, Helen Burress, ZhiJie Yang, Albert Serrano, Randall K. Holmes, Suren A. Tatulian, Ken Teter
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael G. Jobling, Randall K. Holmes
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Michael G. Jobling
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2019)
Letter
Immunology
Michael G. Jobling
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Michael G. Jobling
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Letter
Microbiology
Michael G. Jobling
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Michael G. Jobling
MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Correction
Microbiology
Bruce McCollister, Cassandra V. Kotter, Daniel N. Frank, Taylor Washburn, Michael G. Jobling
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2017)
Article
Microbiology
Michael G. Jobling, Elisabeth A. Raleigh, Daniel N. Frank
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2016)