From a generalised Helmholtz decomposition theorem to fractional Maxwell equations

The main objective of this paper is to propose a new generalisation of the Helmholtz decomposition theorem for both fractional time and space, which leads to four equations generalising the Maxwell equations that emerge as particular case. To get these results the well-known classical vectorial operators, gradient, divergence, curl, and laplacian are generalised to fractional orders using Grunwald-Letnikov approach. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.