4.0 Article

Optimization of RGD-modified Nano-liposomes Encapsulating Eptifibatide

Journal

IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 33-40

Publisher

NATL INST GENETIC ENGINEERING & BIOTECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1399

Keywords

Eptifibatide; RGD-modified nano-liposomes (RMNL); RMNL encapsulated eptifibatide

Funding

  1. Tarbiat Modares University
  2. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
  3. Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) [92013854]

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Background: Eptifibatide (Integrilin) is an intravenous (IV) peptide drug that selectively inhibits ligand binding to the platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor. It is an efficient peptide drug, however has a short half-life. Therefore, antithrombotic agents like eptifibatide are required to become improved with a protected and targeted delivery system such as using nano-liposomes to the site of thrombus. Objectives: The goal in the present report was to optimize encapsulation efficiency of the eptifibatide into Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified nano-liposomes (RMNL). As well, it was intended to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on drug release. Materials and Methods: The effect of five independent variables including number of freeze/thawing cycles, concentration of eptifibatide, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol, and dipalmitoyl-GRGDSPA peptide on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of different concentrations of SLS on encapsulation and drug release from RMNL was also investigated. The size and morphology of RMNL were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The maximum DEE (38%) was obtained with 7 freeze/thawing cycles, 3.65 mu moL eptifibatide, 7 mM DSPC, 3 mM cholesterol, and 1 mM dipalmitoyl-GRGDSPApeptide. SLS has significantly increased the drug release from RMNL, although its effect on encapsulation efficiency was not significant. Conclusions: The optimization of the formulations for valuable and expensive peptide drugs is essential to have the maximum encapsulation efficiency and the minimum experiments.

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