Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Janette Bobalova, Dana Strouhalova, Pavel Bobal
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in understanding the biological complexity generated by a small number of genes. The PTMs of barley proteins, including phosphorylation, glycation, and glycosylation, are important for metabolism and regulation. Innovative analytical approaches are needed to study and characterize PTMs in more detail.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaodong Chen, Hao Sun, Bin Zhao, Rui Wang, Changhao Ji, Bin Zhu
Summary: RNA-Seq was used to identify 13,172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in barley tissues, with more up-regulated DEGs observed in leaf vs spike and stem vs spike comparisons, while down-regulated DEGs were dominant in stem vs leaf comparison. 47 DEGs were annotated to the monolignol pathway, of which six were candidate genes regulating lignin biosynthesis. qRT-PCR assay validated the expression profiles of the six candidate genes, with four genes potentially positively regulating lignin biosynthesis, and the other two genes possibly having reverse effects. These findings provide target genes for further investigations on molecular regulatory mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis and genetic resources for improvement of forage quality in barley breeding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Chi Ku, Badrinathan Sridharan, Jiann-Yeu Chen, Jen-Ying Li, Shu-Yu Yang, Meng-Jen Lee
Summary: The study indicated that kaempferitrin can regulate extracellular vesicle secretion, thereby affecting lipid profile expression through multiple mechanisms, demonstrating potential anti-liver cancer activity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Si Nhat Nguyen, Trust Beta
Summary: This study characterized the total polyamines and protein content of thirteen Canadian barley varieties and found that they were related to the quality of various end-use products. HCl (1 M) was more effective than trichloroacetic acid (5% w/v) in extracting free polyamines from whole barley flour. The total polyamines content of barley grains varied among different varieties. There were significant positive correlations between protein content and levels of total polyamines, putrescine, and spermine. The barley samples were divided into two clusters, hulless barley for food and hulled barley for malting and feed, based on their superiority in polyamine and protein content.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mycology
Hui Cai, Diquan Shuai, Xiaomin Xue, Yuqing Mo, Xixi Song, Ling Ye, Shuiming Li, Daiwei Wang, Yun Wang, Meiling Jin
Summary: This study identified serum differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using iTRAQ, with serum CNDP1 found to be significantly decreased in ABPA patients, aiding in distinguishing ABPA from asthma.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zdenek Perutka, Katerina Kaduchova, Ivo Chamrad, Jana Beinhauer, Rene Lenobel, Beata Petrovska, Veronique Bergougnoux, Jan Vrana, Ales Pecinka, Jaroslav Dolezel, Marek Sebela
Summary: Proteins play a crucial role in the structure and function of the nuclear genome, but our knowledge of their functions, especially in plant chromosomes, remains incomplete. A study using flow cytometry purified barley mitotic metaphase chromosomes and characterized their proteins, identifying various chromosomal proteins including histones and topoisomerase. This research enhances our understanding of plant chromosomal proteins and provides a basis for further functional characterization and comparative phylogenetic analyses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Andrea Gomez-Sanchez, M. Estrella Santamaria, Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi, Aleksandra Muszynska, Christiane Matthess, Manuel Martinez, Isabel Diaz
Summary: The study found that during barley germination, cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the mobilization of storage compounds and protein degradation. Knockdown barley plants for two cysteine protease genes showed alterations in protein and carbohydrate accumulation in the grain, resulting in a delay in the germination process.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mahya Bahmani, Clare E. O'Lone, Angela Juhasz, Mitchell Nye-Wood, Hugh Dunn, Ian B. Edwards, Michelle L. Colgrave
Summary: This article discusses the importance of barley in the world and the application of proteomics technology in barley research, including the response of proteins to environmental conditions and their impact on food processing. Proteomics can be used to guide barley breeding programs to improve its nutritional value and application scope.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kevin Jooss, Luis F. Schachner, Rachel Watson, Zachary B. Gillespie, Sarah A. Howard, Marcus A. Cheek, Matthew J. Meiners, Amin Sobh, Jonathan D. Licht, Michael-Christopher Keogh, Neil L. Kelleher
Summary: The study introduces a new platform for separating and characterizing whole nucleosomes and their modifications, aiding in understanding epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The platform offers low sample requirements and costs, with high detection sensitivity.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Ketki Bagwe, Noah Gould, Kendall R. Johnson, Alexander R. Ivanov
Summary: Tissues and cell populations exhibit high levels of heterogeneity at the cellular level, making it important to analyze smaller sample sizes to capture subtle differences between cells. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a powerful technique for proteomics and metabolomics analysis at the single-cell level, and this review focuses on its applications and recent advances in sample preparation, separation, MS acquisition, and data analysis.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiana Chen, Fangbo Cao, Mohammed Albaqami, Min Huang, Salah F. Abou-Elwafa
Summary: Proteomic analysis of rice grains with contrasting grain-filling rates identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to starch and sucrose metabolism. Enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were found to be more abundant in the high grain-filling rate cultivar, suggesting their essential roles in rice grain development. The study also revealed that during grain filling, processes such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acids metabolism were enriched, highlighting the importance of DEPs in rice grain development.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuefan Wang, Tung-Shing Mamie Lih, Naseruddin Hoeti, Lori J. Sokoll, Gregory Chesnut, Gyorgy Petrovics, Indu Kohaar, Hui Zhang
Summary: The glycoprotein profiles differ between pre- and post-DRE urine specimens. Previously identified AG-PCa-associated glycoproteins were observed in pre-DRE urine specimens, and three new potential AG-PCa-associated glycoproteins were identified. These findings can be further validated in a large cohort of pre-DRE urine specimens for detecting clinically significant PCa.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martijn M. Vanduijn, Hendrik-Jan Brouwer, Pablo Sanz de la Torre, Jean-Pierre Chervet, Theo M. Luider
Summary: The research team reported an improved electrochemical method that achieves complete reduction of both intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bridges in a set of monoclonal antibodies. The method utilizes an online electrochemical flow cell to provide information on the pairing of heavy and light chains in the antibodies. The complete reduction of intramolecular disulfide bridges is important for the intact mass of the antibody chain and the confirmation of the protein's amino acid sequence.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Petros Vahamidis, Angeliki Stefopoulou, Vassilis Kotoulas, Panagiota Bresta, Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos, George Karabourniotis, Georgios Mantonanakis, Christos Vlachos, Nicholas Dercas, Garifalia Economou
Summary: In Mediterranean type environments, the variability in grain plumpness is a significant source of uncertainty for brewers and farmers. Understanding the effects of genotype x environment interaction on grain size and yield variation can help breeders improve stability and grain size.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rakesh Kumar Banote, David Larsson, Evelin Berger, Eva Kumlien, Johan Zelano
Summary: This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of epilepsy/epileptogenesis in adults with new-onset seizures through quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma proteins. Several proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the epilepsy group compared to controls, suggesting their involvement in pathways associated with epileptogenesis. The results are hypothesis-generating and further confirmatory studies are needed to validate these findings.