Journal
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
Volume 129, Issue -, Pages 79-86Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.026
Keywords
Ionizing radiation; Free radicals; Radiation therapy; Radiosensitization; Radiation-induced catalysis
Funding
- NANOMAT program of the Research Council of Norway [182058]
- South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority [20100068]
- Norwegian Radium Hospital Research Foundation [FU0802]
- University of Texas at Arlington
- National Science Foundation
- Department of Homeland Security joint Academic Research Initiative ARI program [2008-DN-077-ARI016-03, CBET-1039068]
- Department of Defence (DoD) [DTRA08-005]
- US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) [W81XWH-10-1-0279, W81XWH-10-1-0234]
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Nanoparticulates responsive to X-rays offer increased efficacy of radiation therapy. However, successful demonstrations of such nanoparticle use are limited so far due to lack of significant radiosensitizing effects or poor nanoparticle stability in a biological system. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is the most promising biocompatible material for medicinal applications. In this paper, we report preparation and characterization of scintillating ZnO/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. The ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation (below 360 nm) and emit green fluorescence (400-750 nm, maximum 550 nm). Under Xray irradiation (200 kVp), the nanoparticles scintillate emitting luminescence in the region 350-700 nm (maximum 420 nm). The synthesized ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles are stable in a biologically relevant environment (water and cell growth medium). The potential of the ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles for radiosensitization is demonstrated in human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines (LNCaP and Du145). The nanoparticles enhance radiation-induced reduction in cell survival about 2-fold for LNCaP and 1.5-fold for Du145 cells. Radiosensitizing effect can be attributed to X-ray-induced radiocatalysis by the nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights. reserved.
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