Journal
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
Volume 6, Issue 6, Pages 1541-1548Publisher
GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA
DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.029181
Keywords
Chlamydomonas; cis-regulatory element; fertilization; homeodomain protein; zygote
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R24 GM092473, R01 GM078376]
- Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-02ER63421]
- NIH [5T32HG002536-13]
- Eugene V. Cota-Robles Fellowship
- Fred Eiserling and Judith Lengyel Doctoral Fellowship
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Upon fertilization Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygotes undergo a program of differentiation into a diploid zygospore that is accompanied by transcription of hundreds of zygote-specific genes. We identified a distinct sequence motif we term a zygotic response element (ZYRE) that is highly enriched in promoter regions of C. reinhardtii early zygotic genes. A luciferase reporter assay was used to show that native ZYRE motifs within the promoter of zygotic gene ZYS3 or intron of zygotic gene DMT4 are necessary for zygotic induction. A synthetic luciferase reporter with a minimal promoter was used to show that ZYRE motifs introduced upstream are sufficient to confer zygotic upregulation, and that ZYRE-controlled zygotic transcription is dependent on the homeodomain transcription factor GSP1. We predict that ZYRE motifs will correspond to binding sites for the homeodomain proteins GSP1-GSM1 that heterodimerize and activate zygotic gene expression in early zygotes.
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