Article
Neurosciences
Christian Baeuchl, Franka Gloeckner, Christoph Koch, Johannes Petzold, Nicolas W. Schuck, Michael N. Smolka, Shu-Chen Li
Summary: The aging process leads to changes in spatial navigation behavior, with older adults relying more on proximal location cues instead of environmental boundaries. Deficient dopaminergic modulation may contribute to errors during spatial navigation in older adults. Administering levodopa in young and older adults affected brain responses and memory retrieval differently, with older adults showing upregulation in the medial temporal lobe and brainstem. While L-DOPA had no effect on older adults' overall memory performance, it improved spatial memory and increased boundary processing in some individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Larry R. Squire, Jennifer C. Frascino, Charlotte S. Rivera, Nadine C. Heyworth, Biyu J. He
Summary: One-trial, long-lasting perceptual learning relies on hippocampus-independent (nondeclarative) memory, independent of any requirement to consciously remember. Patients with hippocampal lesions or larger medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions show intact perceptual learning but impaired memory for the images presented.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joaquin Garcia-Cordero, Alicia Pino, Constanza Cuevas, Veronica Puertas-Martin, Ricardo San Roman, Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
Summary: The elderly population has been increasing, leading to a rise in age-related diseases. To address this global health issue, researchers conducted a study on the effects of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in older adults. The intervention resulted in improved executive function and reduced time needed to complete a cognitive test.
Review
Psychology
Gyorgy Buzsaki, Sam McKenzie, Lila Davachi
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of memory in defining one's sense of identity and explores different research methods and limitations in studying memory in humans and other animals. It proposes a new brain-based understanding of declarative memory, focusing on hippocampal physiology. The article also discusses the common physiological mechanisms of navigation in real and mental spacetime and presents the distinguishing features of different types of memory. Finally, it hypothesizes that neuronal networks have a reservoir of neural trajectories and the challenge for the brain is to select and match preexisting neuronal trajectories with events in the world.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clarissa Hoffman, Jingheng Cheng, Daoyun Ji, Yuri Dabaghian
Summary: Our current understanding of brain rhythms is limited to quantifying their characteristics without exploring their structures. In this study, we utilized two independent approaches to investigate brain wave patterns in different physiological contexts. The measures captured the characteristics and abnormal behaviors of the waves and revealed the coupling between the patterns' dynamics and the animal's location, speed, and acceleration. Overall, our findings offer a complementary mesoscale perspective on brain wave structure, dynamics, and functionality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Luka Culig, Xixia Chu, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Adult neurogenesis is a potential target for extending cognitive healthspan, as aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the role of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms involving key proteins. Interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate aging research targets are summarized, and the outlook for restoring neurogenesis levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration is shared.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Liwei Sun, Sebastian M. Frank, Russell A. Epstein, Peter U. Tse
Summary: Research using fMRI and MVPA found that the right parahippocampal place area and hippocampus encode the spatial significance of landmark objects in indoor spaces, with the neural representation of these objects systematically transforming according to their locations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Recanatesi, Matthew Farrell, Guillaume Lajoie, Sophie Deneve, Mattia Rigotti, Eric Shea-Brown
Summary: Recent research has shown that artificial neural networks can produce representations with low-dimensional latent structure by learning to predict observations about the world. These representations can recover the underlying latent structure in the data, as demonstrated by a network trained on a spatial navigation task generating neural activations related to place similar to those observed in the hippocampus.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shahar Arzy, Raphael Kaplan
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that cognitive maps represent relations between social knowledge similar to how spatial locations are represented in an environment. The hippocampal formation helps inform social interactions by relating self vs other social attribute comparisons to society in general.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Andrew B. Lehr, Arvind Kumar, Christian Tetzlaff, Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn, Tristan M. Stober
Summary: CA2 in the hippocampal region is gaining increased attention for its role in social recognition memory, as well as its broader functions in memory processing. Recent research suggests that CA2 may play a fundamental role in hippocampus-dependent memory processing tasks.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Sang Ah Lee
Summary: Our minds are constantly travelling through time and space, organizing memories into contexts and episodes. This paper reviews evidence suggesting that spatial boundary representations play a crucial role in structuring both spatial and temporal memories. The connection between hippocampal spatial mapping and temporal sequencing of episodic memory highlights the relationship between navigational mechanisms and cognitive processes like mental time travel and conceptual mapping, which are shared by humans and nonhuman animals. Understanding hippocampal function across species provides insights into the origins of uniquely human cognitive abilities.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Farangis Ramezani, Sara Salehian, Soheila Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Mahjour, Tahereh Babajani, Davoud Ghorbanian, Farideh Feizi, Roghayeh Pourbagher
Summary: The study examined the distribution of serotonin-1A receptors in brain areas mediating externally-centered spatial navigation in rats, as well as the effects of median raphe nucleus serotonin-1A autoreceptors in selective cholinergic denervation. The results suggest that the serotonergic system, through the serotonin-1A receptors, plays a crucial role in spatial navigation, indicating potential therapeutic targets for age-related cognitive decline.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Flavio Donato, Anja Xu Schwartzlose, Renan Augusto Viana Mendes
Summary: In mammals, the entorhinal-hippocampal network consists of neurons whose activity is influenced by the animal's position and movements, enabling the creation of an internal cognitive map for navigation and memory encoding. Recent research has started to unravel the ontogeny of circuitry, firing patterns, and computations underlying the representation of space in the mammalian brain.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiliang He, Jon Starnes, Thackery Brown
Summary: This study used multi-voxel pattern analysis combined with human fMRI to investigate the influence of environmental overlap on goal-oriented representations in the hippocampus. The results showed that environmental overlap leads to a decline in goal-oriented decoding in the hippocampus, and this decline is related to the strength of alternative memories. Furthermore, the frontopolar cortex is also involved in representing goal-states.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jia-Xin Zhang, Lin Wang, Hai-Yan Hou, Chun-Lin Yue, Liang Wang, Hui-Jie Li
Summary: Older adults performing navigation tasks using an egocentric strategy showed similar accuracy to young adults, while those using a non-egocentric strategy had more detours and lower accuracy. The well-maintained egocentric strategy in older adults was associated with better visuo-spatial ability, highlighting the importance of this ability in navigation accuracy and strategy in older adults.
Article
Neurosciences
Fabien Dumetz, Rachel Ginieis, Corinne Bure, Anais Marie, Serge Alfos, Veronique Pallet, Clementine Bosch-Bouju
Summary: This study investigates the effects of vitamin A deficiency on memory and neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus of rats. The findings suggest that vitamin A deficiency leads to abnormal morphology and synaptic function in hippocampal cells, and moderate-dose vitamin A supplementation can alleviate these abnormalities.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Fanny Decoeur, Katherine Picard, Marie-Kim St-Pierre, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, Jean-Christophe Delpech, Alexandra Sere, Sophie Laye, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Agnes Nadjar
Summary: The westernization of dietary habits has led to a decrease in the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in pregnant and lactating women, resulting in defects in the formation of brain myelin in infants. This study found that these deficits may be related to alterations in the structure and function of microglial cells in the white matter of the brain.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julian M. Carosi, Celia Fourrier, Julien Bensalem, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: This article discusses the special relationship between the mechanistic target mTORC1 and lysosomes, highlighting how inhibiting mTORC1 and activating the autophagy-lysosome pathway can slow down the molecular hallmarks of aging. It provides strong evidence for targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway in treatments aimed at slowing biological aging and extending lifespan.
Article
Neurosciences
Lauren S. Whyte, Celia Fourrier, Sofia Hassiotis, Adeline A. Lau, Paul J. Trim, Leanne K. Hein, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Julien Bensalem, John J. Hopwood, Kim M. Hemsley, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: Lysosomal network abnormalities are a significant feature of Alzheimer's disease, and reduced expression of the Hexb gene may lead to related pathological changes and behavioral alterations in an AD model mouse.
IBRO NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathieu Di Miceli, Maud Martinat, Moira Rossitto, Agnes Aubert, Shoug Alashmali, Clementine Bosch-Bouju, Xavier Fioramonti, Corinne Joffre, Richard P. Bazinet, Sophie Laye
Summary: Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression. The effect of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavior and synaptic plasticity was investigated in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). The results showed that LC n-3 PUFA supplementation influenced the fatty acid profile in the NAc, altered emotional behavior and synaptic plasticity, and promoted resilience, independently of CSDS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hany Ahmed, Quentin Leyrolle, Ville Koistinen, Olli Karkkainen, Sophie Laye, Nathalie Delzenne, Kati Hanhineva
Summary: Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been linked to various neurological disorders, and the gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in this communication. While the specific mechanisms are not fully understood, existing data suggests that metabolites from gut microbiota may be key factors in the gut-brain axis communication. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and explore intervention approaches for prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Achini K. Vidanapathirana, Jarrad M. Goyne, Anna E. Williamson, Benjamin J. Pullen, Pich Chhay, Lauren Sandeman, Julien Bensalem, Timothy J. Sargeant, Randall Grose, Mark J. Crabtree, Run Zhang, Stephen J. Nicholls, Peter J. Psaltis, Christina A. Bursill
Summary: This study demonstrates the uptake and detection capacity of a ruthenium-based fluorescent NO sensor (Ru-NO) in macrophages, plasma, and atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting its potential utility as a sensor of atherosclerosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hugo Martin, Sebastien Bullich, Maud Martinat, Mathilde Chataigner, Mathieu Di Miceli, Vincent Simon, Samantha Clark, Jasmine Butler, Mareike Schell, Simran Chopra, Francis Chaouloff, Andre Kleinridders, Daniela Cota, Philippe De Deurwaerdere, Luc Penicaud, Sophie Laye, Bruno P. Guiard, Xavier Fioramonti
Summary: Insulin directly modulates the activity of DR 5-HT neurons to dampen 5-HT neurotransmission and control emotional behaviors. However, in T2D animal models, the anxiolytic effect of intranasal insulin and the response of 5-HT neurons to insulin are both blunted.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rajesh Chaudhary, Bo Liu, Julien Bensalem, Timothy J. Sargeant, Amanda J. Page, Gary A. Wittert, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Intermittent fasting has an impact on autophagy markers in the liver of mice and humans, but has minimal effect on muscle.
Article
Immunology
Katherine Picard, Giorgio Corsi, Fanny Decoeur, Maria Amalia Di Castro, Maude Bordeleau, Marine Persillet, Sophie Laye, Cristina Limatola, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Agnes Nadjar
Summary: Sleep is regulated by various neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems, with microglia playing a significant role in sleep regulation. Depletion of microglia in female mice results in longer NREM sleep duration and increased number of sleep episodes.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julien Bensalem, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Jemima R. Gore, Amy T. Hutchison, Timothy J. Sargeant, Celia Fourrier
Summary: This study aims to determine whether an acute nutritional intervention can change autophagy in humans by measuring autophagic flux before and after ingestion of whey protein. The results of this study will provide insights into the response of autophagy to nutrients in humans and explore the potential use of nutritional strategies in the treatment or prevention of autophagy-related diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao Tong Teong, Kai Liu, Andrew D. Vincent, Julien Bensalem, Bo Liu, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Lijun Zhao, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Timothy J. Sargeant, Gary A. Wittert, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating (iTRE) is an effective approach to improve glucose metabolism in adults at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with greater improvements seen in the short term compared to continuous calorie restriction (CR).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentine Turpin, Maud Schaffhauser, Mathieu Thabault, Agnes Aubert, Corinne Joffre, Eric Balado, Jean-Emmanuel Longueville, Maureen Francheteau, Christophe Burucoa, Maxime Pichon, Sophie Laye, Mohamed Jaber
Summary: This study compared the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dietary supplementation from fatty fish with n-3 PUFA precursor diet from plant oils in an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mouse model. The results showed that regardless of the diet, n-3 PUFA-based diets can prevent certain behavioral and cellular symptoms related to ASD.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Julien Bensalem, Xiao Tong Teong, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Leanne K. Hein, Celia Fourrier, Kai Liu, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: Previously, preclinical data have shown that autophagy can delay age-related diseases. However, this study is the first to measure the changes in basal autophagic flux in humans and found that it actually increases with age. This discovery is significant for future clinical research.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Boushra Dalile, Curie Kim, Andy Challinor, Lucie Geurts, Eileen R. Gibney, Marcelo Galdos, Giorgio La Fata, Sophie Laye, John C. Mathers, David Vauzour, J. Martin Verkuyl, Sandrine Thuret
Summary: This review assesses the evidence for the impact of diet on cognitive function and finds that the current evidence base is weak with mixed conclusions. Long-term intervention and prospective cohort studies are needed to fill this knowledge gap and revise dietary recommendations for maintaining healthy cognitive function across the life course.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2022)