Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Iwona Kaliciak, Konstanty Drogowski, Aleksandra Garczyk, Stanislaw Kopec, Paulina Horwat, Pawel Bogdanski, Marta Stelmach-Mardas, Marcin Mardas
Summary: This study aimed to examine the changes in microbiota composition during a gluten-free diet in coeliac disease patients. The results showed that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was lower in CD patients on a gluten-free diet compared to healthy individuals and untreated CD patients, while the abundance of Bacteroides was higher in CD patients on a gluten-free diet.
Article
Microbiology
Nelly Amenyogbe, Pedro Dimitriu, Kinga K. Smolen, Eric M. Brown, Casey P. Shannon, Scott J. Tebbutt, Phillip J. Cooper, Arnaud Marchant, Tessa Goetghebuer, Monika Esser, Brett B. Finlay, Tobias R. Kollmann, William W. Mohn
Summary: This study identified differences in immune responses correlating to gut microbiomes across biogeographically diverse settings and evaluated biological plausibility using a mouse model.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Connor Cotton, Suneil A. Raju, Hamza Ahmed, Grace Webster, Rachel Hallam, Iain Croall, Sarah Coleman, Nick Trott, Anupam Rej, Mohamed G. Shiha, Imran Aziz, David S. Sanders
Summary: This study compared adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in patients with coeliac disease (CD) and non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS), and assessed its impact on quality of life and sleep. Results showed that patients with NCGWS had poorer adherence to GFD compared to CD, and this poorer adherence was associated with worse quality of life and sleep performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fernando Fernandez-Banares, Beatriz Arau, Agnes Raga, Montserrat Aceituno, Eva Tristan, Anna Carrasco, Laura Ruiz, Albert Martin-Cardona, Pablo Ruiz-Ramirez, Maria Esteve
Summary: This study showed that a gluten-free diet is effective in treating patients with FBD, especially in those with a positive low-grade coeliac score and coeliac lymphogram.
Article
Agronomy
Zhiqiang Tian, Xi Guo, J. P. Michaud, Meng Zha, Lin Zhu, Xiaoming Liu, Xiaoxia Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that gut microbiota proliferating in response to Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) infection promote larval immune responses, impeding the infection process. Injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mimicked the effects of HearNPV infection, promoting viral infection and diminishing microbial abundance. Knockdown of dual oxidase (Duox) decreased H2O2 production, increased bacterial loads, and improved larval survival.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Mary E. M. Larkin, Allen R. Place
Summary: Incorporating environmentally sustainable plant-based protein sources into aquafeeds is important, but the effects of specific plant proteins on different fish species need to be evaluated. Previous studies showed that wheat gluten at less than 4% inclusion had a negative impact on the growth and survival rate of juvenile cobia. In this study, the effects of wheat gluten inclusion in a plant-based diet for juvenile European sea bass were evaluated, and it was found that 4% dietary wheat gluten was well tolerated by the fish.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zoya Qaiyum, Melissa Lim, Robert D. Inman
Summary: The genetic and clinical similarities between spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have led to a focus on the gut-joint axis of inflammation, resulting in three key hypotheses attempting to unravel this complex relationship. These hypotheses explore the interactions between the immune system, microbiome, and joint inflammation in SpA, providing insights for potential novel therapeutic targets and implications for predicting the likelihood of IBD development in SpA patients or the presence of coincident SpA-IBD.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Flavia Genua, Vedhika Raghunathan, Mazda Jenab, William M. Gallagher, David J. Hughes
Summary: The breakdown of the protective mucosal barrier in the gut is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, along with changes in the gut microbiome. Factors such as obesity and a Western diet may alter gut-barrier integrity, increasing exposure of colonocytes to toxins and contributing to CRC development.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhipeng Yang, Xiangchen Liu, Yanting Wu, Jian Peng, Hongkui Wei
Summary: This review explores the significance of early-life microbial colonization and the development of intestinal innate immunity, as well as discusses two main methods of early-life intervention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fernando Fernandez-Banares, Natalia Lopez-Palacios, Maria Corzo, Beatriz Arau, Mercedes Rubio, Marta Fernandez-Prieto, Eva Tristan, Mar Pujals, Sergio Farrais, Saul Horta, Juana Maria Hernandez, Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Pedro A. Reche, Maria Esteve, Concepcion Nunez
Summary: The study found significant differences in the percentage of CD8(+) and TCR gamma delta(+) cell subsets between CD patients and non-CD subjects after a 3-day gluten challenge. Measuring activated CD8(+) T cells provided highly accurate CD diagnosis with 95% specificity and 97% sensitivity, similar to IFN-gamma ELISPOT results.
Review
Immunology
Yuling Guo, Yujia Liu, Binqi Rui, Zengjie Lei, Xixi Ning, Yinhui Liu, Ming Li
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract contains a large number of microorganisms that are involved in various physiological functions. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and LTi cells, are a type of immune cells enriched in mucosal tissues and have gained extensive attention. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play important roles in intestinal mucosal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergic disease, and cancer. Therefore, studying the interaction between ILCs and the gut microbiota has great clinical significance in identifying potential pharmacotherapy targets for related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebeca Liebana-Garcia, Marta Olivares, Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias, Inmaculada Lopez-Almela, Marina Romani-Perez, Yolanda Sanz
Summary: Obesity has become an epidemic linked to energy-dense diets and sedentary lifestyles, with the gut microbiome playing a role in interacting with the host and diet to impact obesity. Understanding how obesogenic diets and the microbiome affect immunity can help design strategies to tackle obesity-related disorders more effectively.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Miriam Almirall, Francesc Casellas, Joan Dot, Ines de Torres, Hegoi Segurola, Sara Marsal
Summary: The prevalence of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) in fibromyalgia patients is low, and a gluten-free diet (GFD) can improve their intestinal symptoms. However, not all patients meet the diagnostic criteria, and diarrhea, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and lower levels of anxiety are associated with diet response.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Susana Sanchez-Leon, Carmen Haro, Myriam Villatoro, Luis Vaquero, Isabel Comino, Ana B. Gonzalez-Amigo, Santiago Vivas, Jorge Pastor, Carolina Sousa, Blanca B. Landa, Francisco Barro
Summary: The study found that gastrointestinal symptoms of NCWS patients did not significantly change between gluten-free bread and tritordeum bread. Participants rated tritordeum bread higher than gluten-free bread in terms of acceptability. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that tritordeum consumption does not alter the global structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sevda Zoghi, Amin Abbasi, Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Zeinab Nikniaz, Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
Summary: This article discusses the association between the development of celiac disease and gut microbiota, the effects of infectious agents, especially the recent Covid-19 infection in celiac disease patients, and the efficacy of potential therapeutic approaches. Scientific literature suggests that microbiome-based therapy can improve the symptoms and quality of life of celiac disease patients, but the full potential of microbiota-based techniques requires further research.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Elisa Borroni, Teo Vignoli, Lisa Lungaro, Giacomo Caio, Roberto De Giorgio, Giorgio Zoli, Fabio Caputo
Summary: This systematic review summarizes literature on major symptoms of protracted alcohol withdrawal in patients with alcohol use disorder. The pharmacological approach to manage protracted alcohol withdrawal ensures a more rapid reduction of symptoms (craving in particular), achieving in three weeks similar results obtained only after almost 6 months without treatment.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Irene Neri, Elisa Boschetti, Matilde Yung Follo, Roberto De Giorgio, Lucio Ildebrando Cocco, Lucia Manzoli, Stefano Ratti
Summary: Background: The gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are bi-directionally connected through the gut-brain axis, which plays a role in neurodevelopment and physiology. Objective: This review focuses on the impact of gut microbiota on the integrity of intestinal and blood-brain barriers and explores potential markers for assessing their permeability. Conclusion: Evaluating the permeability of intestinal and blood-brain barriers in neurological patients can provide insights into central nervous system disorders and suggest new targets for treatment.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pasquale Mansueto, Aurelio Seidita, Maurizio Soresi, Alessandra Giuliano, Giorgia Riccio, Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio, Francesco La Blasca, Rosaria Disclafani, Roberto De Giorgio, Antonio Carroccio
Summary: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) patients frequently suffer from extraintestinal symptoms, including anemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of anemia in NCWS patients. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia in NCWS patients was 34.8%, significantly higher than in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients (17.4%), but not in celiac disease (CD) patients. The main features associated with anemia in NCWS patients were female sex, diagnostic delay, poly/hypermenorrhea, iron deficiency, and higher TSH values. Long-term strict wheat-free diet (WFD) significantly reduced anemia and improved iron metabolism. Therefore, NCWS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemic patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Giulia Cacciari, Francesca Falangone, Anna Kagramanova, Dmitry Bordin, Vasile Drug, Egidia Miftode, Pietro Fusaroli, Salem Youssef Mohamed, Chiara Ricci, Massimo Bellini, Mohammed Masudur Rahman, Luigi Melcarne, Javier Santos, Beatriz Lobo, Serhat Bor, Suna Yapali, Deniz Akyol, Ferdane Pirincci Sapmaz, Yonca Yilmaz Urun, Tugce Eskazan, Altay Celebi, Huseyin Kacmaz, Berat Ebik, Hatice Cilem Binicier, Mehmet Sait Bugdayci, Munkhtsetseg Banzragch Yagci, Husnu Pullukcu, Berrin Yalinbas Kaya, Ali Tureyen, Ibrahim Hatemi, Elif Sitre Koc, Goktug Sirin, Ali Riza Caliskan, Goksel Bengi, Esra Ergun Alis, Snezana Lukic, Meri Trajkovska, Keren Hod, Dan Dumitrascu, Antonello Pietrangelo, Elena Corradini, Magnus Simren, Jessica Sjoelund, Navkiran Tornkvist, Uday C. Ghoshal, Olga Kolokolnikova, Antonio Colecchia, Jordi Serra, Giovanni Maconi, Roberto De Giorgio, Silvio Danese, Piero Portincasa, Antonio Di Sabatino, Marcello Maggio, Elena Philippou, Yeong Yeh Lee, Daniele Salvi, Alessandro Venturi, Claudio Borghi, Marco Zoli, Paolo Gionchetti, Pierluigi Viale, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms on hospital admission and lower rates of constipation and hard stools at 12 months post-infection compared to the control group. Additionally, the rate of irritable bowel syndrome was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls.
Article
Virology
Irene Soffritti, Maria D'Accolti, Carla Gallenga, Roberto De Giorgio, Matteo Guarino, Martina Maritati, Francesca Bini, Eleonora Mazziga, Carlo Contini, Elisabetta Caselli
Summary: Secretory IgA (sIgA) was detected in the eye of COVID-19 patients, potentially playing a crucial role in early defense against SARS-CoV-2. This study analyzed tear samples from 77 COVID-19 patients to characterize sIgA mucosal immunity in the eye, including 63 vaccinated and 14 non-vaccinated subjects. The data showed significant differences in ocular sIgA response between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, suggesting the potential use of tear-based sIgA tests as a biomarker for assessing mucosal immunity development against SARS-CoV-2.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lisa Lungaro, Anna Costanzini, Francesca Manza, Marianna Barbalinardo, Denis Gentili, Matteo Guarino, Fabio Caputo, Giorgio Zoli, Roberto De Giorgio, Giacomo Caio
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases show gender bias, with female-specific differences influencing disease presentation and activity. Female genetic predisposition related to the X chromosome and hormonal fluctuations can affect gastrointestinal symptoms, pain perception, and pregnancy outcomes. Female patients with inflammatory bowel disease experience poorer quality of life, higher psychological distress, and reduced sexual activity compared to males. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge of female-related features in clinical manifestations, development, therapy, and implications for sexual and psychological well-being. The goal is to provide gastroenterologists with guidance on female-specific differences to improve patient diagnosis, management, and treatment.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Martina Maritati, Alessandro Trentini, Gregory Michel, Stefania Hanau, Matteo Guarino, Roberto De Giorgio, Christelle Pomares, Pierre Marty, Carlo Contini
Summary: This study aimed to compare five serological tests for the diagnosis of visceral and asymptomatic leishmaniasis in southern France. The results showed that IFAT and TruQuick had the highest diagnostic performance for visceral leishmaniasis, while WB LDBio had the best diagnostic performance for asymptomatic carriers.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisa Lungaro, Francesca Manza, Anna Costanzini, Marianna Barbalinardo, Denis Gentili, Fabio Caputo, Matteo Guarino, Giorgio Zoli, Umberto Volta, Roberto De Giorgio, Giacomo Caio
Summary: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Besides gastrointestinal symptoms, CD can also lead to low bone mineral density and osteoporosis. The bone lesions in CD are influenced by various factors, and not only mineral and vitamin D malabsorption. This review aims to provide an updated overview on CD-induced osteoporosis and highlight new aspects such as the impact of the intestinal microbiome and sex-related differences on bone health, in order to improve its management.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Di Nardo, Letizia Zenzeri, Matteo Guarino, Alessio Molfino, Pasquale Parisi, Giovanni Barbara, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) is a rare and severe form of gastrointestinal dysmotility, and the current treatment options are limited. There is a need for further research on new drugs and nutritional support strategies for these patients.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Carlo Contini, John Charles Rotondo, Benedetta Perna, Matteo Guarino, Roberto De Giorgio
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Maritati, Marco Manfrini, Maria Rosa Iaquinta, Alessandro Trentini, Silva Seraceni, Matteo Guarino, Anna Costanzini, Roberto De Giorgio, Gustavo Alberto Zanoli, Alessandro Borghi, Elisa Mazzoni, Giuseppe De Rito, Carlo Contini
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) on the outcome of Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI). The study found that SA strains positive for PVL genes resulted in a 100% failure rate in the treatment of acute PJI, while chronic PJI had a 100% eradication rate. Therefore, toxin research and targeted antibiotic therapy should be considered in the treatment of PJI caused by SA.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elisa Boschetti, Giacomo Caio, Carlo Cervellati, Anna Costanzini, Valentina Rosta, Fabio Caputo, Roberto De Giorgio, Giovanni Zuliani
Summary: This study found that serum zonulin levels change in older patients affected by different types of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum zonulin increased in patients with late-onset AD, mixed dementia, and aMCI but not in VAD. In addition, serum zonulin levels were higher in aMCI converting to AD compared with stable aMCI, and inversely correlated with cognitive function.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Alice Eleonora Cesaro, Martina Maritati, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This review aims to update physicians on the main pillars of treatment for sepsis/septic shock, which include empirical antimicrobial treatment, fluid replacement, and the use of vasoactive agents. Other treatments such as mechanical ventilation, anticoagulation, and glycemic control are also recommended but their efficacy is debated.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Surgery
David A. Wattchow, Simon J. Brookes, Nick J. Spencer, Paul T. Heitmann, Roberto De Giorgio, Marcello Costa, Phil. G. Dinning
Summary: Motor function of the colon is crucial for health, and our understanding of its mechanisms is based on various experimental techniques. This article synthesizes key findings from these approaches to help surgeons better manage colonic conditions.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Martina Maritati, Francesca Remelli, Caterina Trevisan, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Anna Costanzini, Stefano Volpato, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This study aims to establish the correlation between PSP and COVID-19 severity. Analysis of a study population of 1373 COVID-19 patients showed that presepsin is a promising biomarker that can express COVID-19 severity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
