Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Sampson, Allan Clark, Max Bachmann, Nikki Garner, Lisa Irvine, Amanda Howe, Colin Greaves, Sara Auckland, Jane Smith, Jeremy Turner, Dave Rea, Gerry Rayman, Ketan Dhatariya, W. Garry John, Garry Barton, Rebecca Usher, Clare Ferns, Melanie Pascale
Summary: The study showed that the NDPS lifestyle intervention significantly improved glycemic control in people with newly diagnosed screen-detected type 2 diabetes when supported by trained peer mentors with type 2 diabetes, especially in those receiving oral hypoglycemic medication and those under 65 years old. The effect size was modest and not sustained after 24 months.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura Chiavaroli, Danielle Lee, Amna Ahmed, Annette Cheung, Tauseef A. Khan, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Arash Mirrahimi, David J. A. Jenkins, Geoffrey Livesey, Thomas M. S. Wolever, Dario Rahelic, Hana Kahleova, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Cyril W. C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper
Summary: This study aimed to update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Comparisons of 29 trial studies involving 1617 participants with moderately controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed that low GI/GL dietary patterns resulted in significant improvements in glycemic control, blood lipids, adiposity, and inflammation.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yoriko Heianza, Tao Zhou, Xuan Wang, Jeremy D. Furtado, Lawrence J. Appel, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the risk G allele of MTNR1B-rs10830963 on the glycemic response to different levels of carbohydrate quantity and dietary glycemic index (GI). The results showed that individuals carrying the risk G allele had higher glucose responses after consuming a high-carbohydrate/high-GI diet. Reducing dietary GI may decrease post-OGTT glucose concentrations among those carrying the risk G allele.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
William A. E. Parker, Rebecca Sagar, Zeyad Kurdee, Fladia Hawkins, Khalid M. Naseem, Peter J. Grant, Robert F. Storey, Ramzi A. Ajjan
Summary: The study found that patients with diabetes respond differently to the antiplatelet and profibrinolytic effects of aspirin compared to healthy controls, especially those with elevated HbA1c. Higher HbA1c levels were associated with poor response to aspirin in diabetes, indicating that reducing glucose levels can improve the anti-thrombotic action of aspirin in diabetes.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuanyuan Wang, Graeme Jones, Helen Keen, Catherine L. Hill, Anita E. Wluka, Jessica Kasza, Andrew J. Teichtahl, Benny Antony, Richard O'Sullivan, Flavia M. Cicuttini
Summary: This study examined the efficacy and safety of methotrexate in patients with hand osteoarthritis and synovitis. The results showed that oral methotrexate 20 mg once weekly for 6 months can moderately reduce pain, providing proof of concept that methotrexate may have a role in managing hand osteoarthritis with an inflammatory phenotype.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisiane Perin, Isadora G. G. Camboim, Claudia D. Schneider, Alexandre M. M. Lehnen
Summary: The effects of two low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads on arterial stiffness were evaluated in adults with excess weight. The low-glycaemic load diet group showed improvements in body composition, TAG and VLDL levels, but the diets were not effective in improving arterial stiffness.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lijun Zhao, Donald K. Ingram, Eric Gumpricht, Trent De Paoli, Xiao Tong Teong, Bo Liu, Trevor A. Mori, Leonie K. Heilbronn, George S. Roth
Summary: The study suggests that daily consumption of unripe avocado extract enriched in mannoheptulose does not affect glucose tolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adults without diabetes. However, in a subgroup of participants with elevated baseline postprandial insulin levels, the extract may be beneficial in reducing insulin AUC.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mads N. Thomsen, Mads J. Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Martin H. Carl, Philip Weber, Arne Astrup, Elizaveta Chabanova, Mogens Fenger, Jan Frystyk, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Thomas M. Larsen, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Henrik S. Thomsen, Steen B. Haugaard, Thure Krarup
Summary: The study indicates that moderate carbohydrate restriction in individuals with type 2 diabetes can improve glycemic control, reduce circulating and intrahepatic triglyceride levels beyond the effects of weight loss itself. This improvement may be attributed to differences in protein and fat intakes, and the quality of dietary macronutrients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. A. Jenkins, Laura Chiavaroli, Arash Mirrahimi, Sandra Mitchell, Dorothea Faulkner, Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, Melanie Paquette, Judy Coveney, Omodele Olowoyeye, Darshna Patel, Sathish Chandra Pichika, Balachandran Bashyam, Tishan Maraj, Chantal Gillett, Russell J. de Souza, Livia S. A. Augustin, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Stephanie K. Nishi, Lawrence A. Leiter, Robert G. Josse, Gail E. McKeown-Eyssen, Alan R. Berger, Philip W. Connelly, Korbua Srichaikul, Cyril W. C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper, Alan R. Moody
Summary: This study compared the effects of a low-glycemic index (GI) diet and a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet on carotid plaque development in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the low-GI diet preserved renal function and did not increase carotid vessel wall volume, while the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet led to an increase in carotid vessel wall volume. These findings suggest that the low-GI diet may be effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Shi, Natalia Gouskova, Mehdi Najafzadeh, Lee-Jen Wei, Dae Hyun Kim
Summary: Intensive blood pressure treatment may reduce the risk of death and cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those receiving standard glycemic control treatment and without cognitive impairment.
Article
Orthopedics
Yuanyuan Wang, Andrew J. Teichtahl, Graeme Jones, Helen Keen, Catherine L. Hill, Anita E. Wluka, Jessica Kasza, Flavia M. Cicuttini
Summary: This study aims to investigate the potential effects of methotrexate on pain reduction in patients with hand osteoarthritis and synovitis over a 6-month period. By assessing various outcomes, including pain levels and quality of life, the study may provide valuable evidence for clinical practice guidelines and potentially influence current trends in managing hand osteoarthritis.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Judith Parsons, Rita Forde, Anna Brackenridge, Katharine F. Hunt, Khalida Ismail, Trevor Murrells, Anna Reid, Helen Rogers, Rebecca Rogers, Angus Forbes
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of an ante- and post-natal lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to reduce type 2 diabetes risk. The findings suggest that the intervention can support weight loss in women with GDM, with higher rates of weight loss observed in those who preferred the intervention.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ching-Ling Lin, Li-Chi Huang, Yao-Tsung Chang, Ruey-Yu Chen, Shwu-Huey Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated a significant improvement in HbA1c and healthy diet of patients with type 2 diabetes after a 6-month health coaching intervention, leading to a reduction in the intake of whole grains, fruits, meats, protein, and fats while increasing vegetable consumption. Further research with higher quality evidence on health coaching is required.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiao Yang, Jiali Zhou, Huige Shao, Bi Huang, Xincong Kang, Ruiyu Wu, Fangzhou Bian, Minghai Hu, Dongbo Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of CMNT in achieving diabetes remission for at least 1 year.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stacy A. Clemes, Veronica Varela-Mato, Danielle H. Bodicoat, Cassandra L. Brookes, Yu-Ling Chen, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Laura J. Gray, Amber J. Guest, Vicki Johnson, Fehmidah Munir, Nicola J. Paine, Gerry Richardson, Katharina Ruettger, Mohsen Sayyah, Aron Sherry, Ana Suazo Di Paola, Jacqui Troughton, Thomas Yates, James A. King
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of the 'Structured Health Intervention For Truckers' (SHIFT) program on long-distance heavy goods vehicle drivers. It found that at the 6-month follow-up, drivers who participated in the program experienced significantly higher daily step counts, reduced sitting time, and increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, these differences were not maintained at the 16-18-month follow-up. The program shows potential in promoting physical activity among this underserved occupational group.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jaclyn Parks, Kathleen E. McLean, Lawrence McCandless, Russell J. de Souza, Jeffrey R. Brook, James Scott, Stuart E. Turvey, Piush J. Mandhane, Allan B. Becker, Meghan B. Azad, Theo J. Moraes, Diana L. Lefebvre, Malcolm R. Sears, Padmaja Subbarao, Tim K. Takaro
Summary: Although only 2% of mothers reported smoking prior to and throughout their pregnancy, cotinine and 3HC were detected in 76 and 89% of the infants' urine (n = 2017). Questionnaire-based models explained 31 and 41% of the variance in cotinine and 3HC levels, respectively. Observed concentrations suggest 0.25 and 0.50 ng/mL as cut-points in cotinine and 3HC to characterize SHS exposure.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nancy Babio, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Stephanie K. Nishi, Leyre Lopez-Gonzalez, Indira Paz-Graniel, Jesus Garcia-Gavilan, Helmut Schroder, Nerea Martin-Calvo, Jordi Salas-Salvado
Summary: Overall, cross-sectional studies suggest an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity, while prospective studies do not provide conclusive evidence for an inverse relationship.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Talha Rafiq, Sandi M. Azab, Sonia S. Anand, Lehana Thabane, Meera Shanmuganathan, Katherine M. Morrison, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Jennifer C. Stearns, Koon K. Teo, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Russell J. de Souza
Summary: The study examined the association between non-dietary factors and the serum concentrations of food-related biomarkers. It found that certain dietary factors explained a higher proportion of the variability in metabolite concentrations compared to non-dietary factors. The results highlight the importance of considering non-dietary factors in analyzing the association between food intake and health outcomes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Danielle Lee, Laura Chiavaroli, Sabrina Ayoub-Charette, Tauseef A. Khan, Andreea Zurbau, Fei Au-Yeung, Annette Cheung, Qi Liu, Xinye Qi, Amna Ahmed, Vivian L. Choo, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Vasanti S. Malik, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Russell J. de Souza, Thomas M. S. Wolever, Lawrence A. Leiter, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, John L. Sievenpiper
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of fructose-containing sugars from different food sources and different levels of energy control on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markers. The results showed that fructose-containing sugars increased intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL), especially from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), while the removal of energy from mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, there is still uncertainty about the effects of other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
XinYe Qi, Laura Chiavaroli, Danielle Lee, Sabrina Ayoub-Charette, Tauseef A. Khan, Fei Au-Yeung, Amna Ahmed, Annette Cheung, Qi Liu, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Vivian L. Choo, Russell J. de Souza, Thomas M. S. Wolever, Lawrence A. Leiter, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, John L. Sievenpiper
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers at different levels of energy control. The results showed that food source plays a role in mediating the effect of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers, with mixed sources containing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increasing C-reactive protein (CRP), and most other food sources having no effect, with some sources (fruit, 100% fruit juice, sweetened soy beverage or dark chocolate) showing decreases, which may be dependent on energy control.
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephanie K. Nishi, Emilio Ros, Joan Sabate, Jordi Salas-Salvado
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jayneel Limbachia, Mohitkumar Ajmeri, Benjamin J. Keating, Russell J. de Souza, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: The study found that lifestyle interventions can improve blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in adult South Asians at risk of CVD. Tailored interventions should be used to modify cardiovascular risk factors in this at-risk group.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabina Mirza, Sujane Kandasamy, Russell J. de Souza, Gita Wahi, Dipika Desai, Sonia S. Anand, Paul Ritvo
Summary: The study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to healthy active living in South Asian families living in Canada. It found that major barriers to healthy eating for South Asian women included lack of time, lack of knowledge about healthy eating, and viewing healthy eating as restrictive dieting. The top barriers to physical activity included lack of time and energy, competing priorities, lack of childcare, lack of family-engaging exercise, and limited access to interesting exercise programs. However, these barriers can be addressed through knowledge and awareness, clear goal setting, access to fresh fruits and vegetables, and engaging mothers and offspring in exercise.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie K. Nishi, Effie Viguiliouk, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, Frank B. Hu, John L. Sievenpiper, Alessandro Atzeni, Anoop Misra, Jordi Salas-Salvado
Summary: Diabetes is a global concern affecting a significant proportion of adults, and nut consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. There is evidence suggesting that nut consumption may play a role in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes, although more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jordi Salas-Salvado, Stephanie K. Nishi, Joan Sabate, Emilio Ros
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie K. Nishi, Aleix Sala-Vila, Jordi Julvez, Joan Sabate, Emilio Ros
Summary: Cognitive health is influenced by lifestyle choices, such as dietary intake, and nuts have been hypothesized to be beneficial for brain health due to their nutrient content. Current evidence suggests a possible role for nuts in maintaining cognitive health and preventing decline, particularly in older adults and those at higher risk. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of nuts on cognitive health and the prevention and management of cognitive decline and dementia.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sujane Kandasamy, Baanu Manoharan, Zainab Khan, Rosain Stennett, Dipika Desai, Rochelle Nocos, Gita Wahi, Davina Banner, Russell J. de Souza, Scott A. Lear, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: In the first full year of the COVID-19 pandemic, South Asians living in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and Greater Vancouver area faced barriers to accessing testing and health information. However, a higher proportion of this group received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose compared to individuals who were not visible minorities. Qualitative research explored the perceptions of COVID-19 risk, vaccine access, uptake, and confidence among South Asians in Canada. Factors such as individual risk perceptions, trusted information sources, impact of the pandemic, and experiences with mandates and policies influenced vaccine access and confidence. Community-level awareness and tailored outreach were successful approaches.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Darryl Wan, Mahshid Dehghan, Russell J. de Souza, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, John W. Eikelboom, Jackie Bosch, Aldo P. Maggioni, Deepak L. Bhatt, Salim Yusuf, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: This study examined the association between dietary patterns and the risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular and limb events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The findings suggest that poor diet quality is independently associated with a higher risk of such events.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Indira Paz-Graniel, Nancy Babio, Stephanie K. Nishi, Miguel angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fito, Alfredo Martinez, angel M. Alonso-Gomez, Julia Waernberg, Jesus Vioque, Dora Romaguera, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, Jose Manuel Santos-Lozano, J. Luis Serra-Majem, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martin Sanchez, Xavier Pinto, Miguel Delgado-Rodriguez, Pilar Matia-Martin, Josep Vidal, Cristina Calderon-Sanchez, Lidia Daimiel, Emili Ros, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Estefania Toledo, Cristina Valle-Hita, Jose V. Sorli, Camille Lassale, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Alejandro Oncina-Canovas, Francisco Javier Baron-Lopez, M. Angeles Zulet, Elena Rayo, Rosa Casas, Esther Thomas-Carazo, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Miguel Damas-Fuentes, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Sara de las Heras-delgado, Rebeca Fernandez-Carrion, Olga Castaner, Patricia J. Pena-Orihuela, Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Albert Goday, Jordi Salas-Salvado
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of mobility and social restrictions during the COVID-19 lockdown on depressive symptoms in older adults with metabolic syndrome in Spain. The results showed that the severity of lockdown was not associated with depressive symptoms.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fazle Rabbi, Laura Banfield, Mehnaz Munir, Zain Chagla, Alexandra Mayhew, Russell J. de Souza
Summary: This study evaluates the appropriateness of antibiotic use during COVID-19 and finds that hospitalized COVID-19 patients are being prescribed antibiotics without confirmed bacterial coinfections, potentially contributing to global antimicrobial resistance.