Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew J. Edwards, Julia Eychenne, Laura Pioli
Summary: Open conduit volcanoes are characterized by frequent small-scale explosive eruptions, dispersing ash over large areas and posing significant hazards. A study focused on Etna volcano aims to understand the morphology and texture of ash particles and their spatial distribution in the tephra blanket. Analysis of a small-scale ash-forming eruption in 2016 reveals the complex fragmentation of magma leading to variability in particle shapes, density, and textures, influencing their distribution in the volcanic plume and deposit. Variations in density and particle settling along the dispersal axis suggest that these factors play a crucial role in the transportation of particles in the plume, with extreme shapes having the potential to disperse over long distances downwind.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Errazuriz-Henao, Arturo Gomez-Tuena, Mattia Parolari, Marion Weber
Summary: This study establishes a biogeodynamic framework to relate the compositions of arc volcanoes to those of sub-ducted sediments, and by extension, to regional and global environmental changes. The findings reveal that changes in biological productivity and carbon storage driven by global climate cooling and atmospheric circulation intensification have a significant impact on the compositions of seafloor sediments and arc volcanoes. Moreover, the study highlights the role of uplifted landmasses and wind-powered seasonal upwellings in regulating the oceanic carbon cycle.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hu Wang, Wenpeng Wang, Meitong Liu, Huaiyang Zhou, Michael J. Ellwood, David A. Butterfield, Nathaniel J. Buck, Joseph A. Resing
Summary: Deep-sea hydrothermal venting is an important source of dissolved iron to the oceans. This study investigates the evolution of Fe isotopes in hydrothermal plumes, finding that the variation in plumes is related to the loss of particulate Fe-sulfides or Fe-oxyhydroxides, and the δ(56)dFe compositions in plumes increase during dispersal/dilution. The data demonstrate how Fe isotopes are transformed within a hydrothermal plume above arc volcanoes.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Thi Hue Nguyen, Quoc Viet Pham, Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen, Van Tu Vu, Thi Hien Do, Minh Thang Hoang, Nguyen Thu Thuy Thi, Tu Binh Minh
Summary: This study analyzed the residue concentrations of heavy metals in bottom ash, fly ash, and PM10 samples collected from municipal incinerators in northern Vietnam. The results showed that zinc was the dominant heavy metal and highly volatile elements were found at elevated proportions in PM10. The differences in heavy metal profiles between samples could be explained by variations in raw materials, material feeding processes, and post-combustion technology.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Alan B. Franklin, Katie M. Dugger, Damon B. Lesmeister, Raymond J. Davis, J. David Wiens, Gary C. White, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Charles B. Yackulic, Carl J. Schwarz, Steven H. Ackers, L. Steven Andrews, Larissa L. Bailey, Robin Bown, Jesse Burgher, Kenneth P. Burnham, Peter C. Carlson, Tara Chestnut, Mary M. Conner, Krista E. Herter, Eric D. Forsman, Elizabeth M. Glenn, Scott A. Gremel, Keith A. Hamm, Dale R. Herter, J. Mark Higley, Rob B. Horn, Julianna M. Jenkins, William L. Kendall, David W. Lamphear, Christopher McCafferty, Trent L. McDonald, Janice A. Reid, Jeremy T. Rockweit, David C. Simon, Stan G. Sovern, James K. Swingle, Heather Wise
Summary: The northern spotted owl populations in older coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest are declining annually by 6-9% due to competition with barred owls and habitat loss. Barred owl presence on spotted owl territories is the primary factor negatively affecting survival rates, recruitment, and population change. Failure to address the negative effects of barred owls and preserve habitat may lead to potential extirpation of northern spotted owls.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Bo Liu, Jia-Fu Chen, Bao-Fu Han, Jun-Lai Liu, Jia-Wei Li
Summary: Our study reveals that the Early Silurian Xinglong gabbros originated from a mantle wedge modified by pelagic sediment-derived melts, suggesting a back-arc basin setting. In contrast, the high-Mg andesites in the Duobaoshan area are likely derived from partial melting of subducted sediments and subsequent melt-mantle interaction. The Duobaoshan basalts, on the other hand, are interpreted to be generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by earlier adakitic melts.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Megan A. Cimino, Michael G. Jacox, Steven J. Bograd, Stephanie Brodie, Gemma Carroll, Elliott L. Hazen, Bertha E. Lavaniegos, Mark M. Morales, Erin Satterthwaite, Ryan R. Rykaczewski
Summary: The stranding of millions of pelagic red crabs along California beaches is related to anomalously warm waters and northward advection associated with El Nino. Research suggests that the pelagic red crabs may remain residents of northern waters for several years, with a source water index potentially serving as an early indicator for anomalous events in the future.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Haina Li, Jun Han, Zhigang Yin
Summary: This study investigates the volcanic rocks in the northern Great Xing'an Range, identifying a suite of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks. Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that these rocks were primarily formed in the Early Cretaceous, potentially triggered by mantle-derived mafic melts inducing partial melting of the lower crust to produce intermediate-felsic magmas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Guohui Chen, Alastair H. F. Robertson
Summary: Late Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanic rocks in the Kyrenia Range of North Cyprus consist of felsic and basaltic rocks, each with distinct geological and chemical characteristics. These rocks are inferred to have formed during stages of development of the active continental margin in the Northern Neotethys.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi-Jia Liu, Kai-Le Zhong, Alexander Jueterbock, Shimada Satoshi, Han-Gil Choi, Florian Weinberger, Jorge Assis, Zi-Min Hu
Summary: Ocean warming plays a crucial role in the distribution and genetic biodiversity of marine organisms. The northwest Pacific is known for its rich seaweed diversity, but little is known about the impact of climate warming on the distribution and genetic pools of coastal seaweeds in this region. In this study, the invasive species Gracilaria vermiculophylla was used as a model to investigate the genetic diversity in its native range. The study found that sea surface temperature has increased in northern Japan and the East China Sea. Species distribution models predicted a high risk of disappearance for G. vermiculophylla in its southern range limit and poleward expansions in its northern range limit by the year 2100. These changes may significantly alter the distribution and genetic composition of G. vermiculophylla in the northwest Pacific and threaten the ecological services provided by this species.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Josie F. Chandler, Deborah Burn, Ciemon F. Caballes, Peter C. Doll, Sarah L. T. Kwong, Bethan J. Lang, Kai I. Pacey, Morgan S. Pratchett
Summary: Recurrent population irruptions of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) pose a significant threat to coral reefs, and early intervention is crucial for effective management. However, current survey methods are not sensitive enough to detect changes in CoTS densities during the early stages of population irruptions. This study using scooter-assisted large area diver-based surveys found increasing densities of CoTS at Lizard Island from 2019 to 2022, indicating the potential for a fully established population irruption without early intervention.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Charlotte Fredriksson, Victoria Pease
Summary: This study investigates the geological structure of northern Alaska and identifies the uplift process of the Brooks Range during the Early Cretaceous. By analyzing the age, chemistry, and isotopic data of igneous clasts and samples, it is concluded that the igneous clasts mainly originate from the Brooks Range ophiolite. A revised tectonic model is proposed that integrates the formation of Late Triassic island arc with the evolution of the Brooks Range ophiolite.
Article
Ornithology
Torgeir Nygard, Karl-Otto Jacobsen, Jan Ove Gjershaug
Summary: A study using GPS transmitter technology was conducted on a population of Eagle-Owls close to the Arctic circle that were experiencing high mortality due to powerlines. The study found that the isolation of the population by the surrounding sea resulted in smaller home-range sizes and dispersal distances compared to other European populations. The lack of tall trees and elevated landscape features on the low islands led to the poles of the grid being used as perching posts more frequently than expected.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Camilla Palmiotto, Eleonora Ficini, Maria Filomena Loreto, Filippo Muccini, Marco Cuffaro
Summary: This study investigated the regional morphology of the Northern Lau Basin's back-arc spreading centers and compared it to the relative spreading rates. By using magnetic data, a more accurate spreading rate of 60.2 mm/year was obtained for the Northwest Lau Spreading Centers. Moreover, numerical models revealed active deformation in the mantle, explaining the anomalous magmatic production in the Northern Lau Back-Arc Basin.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Wenzhi Lin, Lan Wu, Qianhui Zeng, Xiaoyu Leng, Yaqian Mo, Agathe Serres, Songhai Li
Summary: An opportunistic sighting of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin was reported in the nearshore waters off the east Liaodong Peninsula, China. It is the first at-sea sighting in this area and the northern-most sighting record of this species.
JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
(2022)
Article
Mineralogy
Richard E. Bevins, Nick J. G. Pearce, Rob A. Ixer, Stephen Hillier, Duncan Pirrie, Peter Turner
Summary: The Altar Stone at Stonehenge differs from other bluestones and has been considered to be derived from the Old Red Sandstone sequences of South Wales. However, analysis of the composition of the Altar Stone and derived fragments suggests that they share the same composition, contradicting previous assumptions. The high barium content, related to the presence of baryte, may provide a rapid test to determine the source of the Stonehenge Altar Stone.
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
G. Ujvari, U. Klotzli, T. Stevens, A. Svensson, P. Ludwig, T. Vennemann, S. Gier, M. Horschinegg, L. Palcsu, D. Hippler, J. Kovacs, C. Di Biagio, P. Formenti
Summary: Abrupt and large-scale climate changes during the last glaciation have been well-represented in Greenland ice core records. However, the feedbacks between atmospheric dust and these climate change events, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger events, are poorly understood. To shed light on this, a multi-technique study of Greenland dust provenance was conducted. The results challenge the existing dominant model and suggest that Greenland dust may originate from the Taklimakan Desert in western China, European glacial sources, or a mix of European and North African dust. These findings demonstrate the complexity and uncertainty of dust climate feedbacks during abrupt events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Nick J. G. Pearce, Richard E. Bevins, Rob A. Ixer
Summary: The doleritic bluestone monoliths at Stonehenge have been traced back to the Mynydd Preseli area in Wales. Through geochemical analysis and element determination, these stones have been divided into three groups. Further research has shown that Stone 62 at Stonehenge shares similarities with rocks from Carn Ddafad-las and Garn Ddu Fach. In order to confirm this link, portable XRF analysis was conducted on the stones and rocks.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Gerrit D. van den Bergh, Brent Alloway, Michael Storey, Ruly Setiawan, Dida Yurnaldi, Iwan Kurniawan, Mark W. Moore, Adam Jatmiko, Adam Brumm, Stephanie Flude, Thomas Sutikna, Erick Setiyabudi, Unggul W. Prasetyo, Mika R. Puspaningrum, Ifan Yoga, Halmi Insani, Hanneke J. M. Meijer, Barry Kohn, Brad Pillans, Indra Sutisna, Anthony Dosseto, Susan Hayes, John A. Westgate, Nick J. G. Pearce, Fachroel Aziz, Rokus Awe Due, Michael J. Morwood
Summary: Flores is a unique island environment with abundant Pleistocene fossil remains and stone artifacts. This review presents new data on the dating and faunal sequence of the So'a Basin, including the discovery of Homo floresiensis-like fossils. The analysis of volcanic ash has allowed the establishment of basin-wide chronostratigraphy and revealed the correlation between animal species and climate change.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Richard E. Bevins, Nick J. G. Pearce, Mike Parker Pearson, Rob A. Ixer
Summary: A stone circle in Waun Mawn, Wales is proposed as the original location of certain megaliths at Stonehenge. However, analysis of the composition of the stones at Waun Mawn and fragments from a nearby stonehole suggests that they do not match Stone 62 from Stonehenge but are more likely sourced from Cerrig Lladron near Waun Mawn.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Richard Bevins, Rob Ixer, Nick Pearce, James Scourse, Tim Daw
Summary: A rhyolite boulder collected from Stonehenge in 1924 has played a crucial role in the debate over how the bluestones were transported to the site. While initially believed to be a glacial erratic from North Wales, new petrographic and geochemical analyses suggest that it actually originated from Craig Rhos-y-Felin in West Wales, which is known to be a source of debitage found at Stonehenge. Examination of the boulder's form and surface features does not support the glacial transport hypothesis, but instead suggests that it is a fragment from a broken monolith.
GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jiamei Lin, Peter M. Abbott, Michael Sigl, Jorgen P. Steffensen, Robert Mulvaney, Mirko Severi, Anders Svensson
Summary: The Younger Toba Tuff eruption occurred in Indonesia 74,000 years ago and is one of the largest supereruptions in the Quaternary period. Its impact on the climate system and human evolution is still debated. Researchers have analyzed sulfate records, electrical conductivity records, and sulfur isotope records to identify and characterize the potential candidates for the Toba eruption. They propose that the second youngest event, with the largest sulfur output, is most likely associated with the Toba eruption.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, Bo M. Vinther
Summary: In this article, we provide a wide range of data sets used for annual-layer identification in ice cores from multiple sampling sites. These datasets, collected over 40 years by research groups from various countries, include measurements from both deep and shallow ice cores using different equipment setups. The released data were used to determine annual layers up to 60,000 years ago for the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and the revised GICC21. We hope that these highly resolved data series will stimulate further studies on past climate using the Greenland ice sheet.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, Sune Olander Rasmussen
Summary: During the last glacial, Greenland experienced a cold stadial phase with two short warm interstadials. Greenland ice-core calcium data shows two periods of high atmospheric dust loading, which is not well understood. The Chinese Hulu Cave speleothems also exhibit an climate signal during the same time. Antarctic ice cores show a relative warming, interpreted as a counterpart to a cool phase in the Northern Hemisphere. New Be-10 datasets from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores are examined to test the agreement between different timescales. Evidence of an event similar to the Maunder Solar Minimum is found in the new Be-10 datasets, supporting a synchronization with the Chinese speleothem around 22 kyr b2k. The offset between the Greenland ice-core chronology and the Antarctic chronology is determined to be 125 +/- 40 years, and the offset between the speleothem and ice-core timescales is determined to be 375 years for GICC05 and 225 years for WD2014, respectively.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicolas Stoll, Julien Westhoff, Pascal Bohleber, Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Carlo Barbante, Ilka Weikusat
Summary: Impurities in polar ice, especially cloudy bands with high impurity concentrations, play a critical role in ice flow, deformation, and the integrity of the ice core record. In this study, we used a combination of advanced techniques to analyze cloudy bands in glacial ice from the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) ice core. We classified the cloudy bands into seven different types and determined the mineralogy and localization of micro-inclusions. Our results showed that the majority of minerals found are related to terrestrial dust, with quartz, feldspar, mica, and hematite being the most common. We also found carbonaceous particles, dolomite, gypsum, and rare minerals such as rutile, anatase, epidote, titanite, and grossular. The 2D impurity imaging revealed the spatial distribution of impurities in the cloudy bands, with grain boundaries containing Na, Mg, and Sr, and the grain interior containing dust-related analytes like Al, Fe, and Ti.
Article
Geography, Physical
Niccolo Maffezzoli, Eliza Cook, Willem G. M. van der Bilt, Eivind N. Storen, Daniela Festi, Florian Muthreich, Alistair W. R. Seddon, Francois Burgay, Giovanni Baccolo, Amalie R. F. Mygind, Troels Petersen, Andrea Spolaor, Sebastiano Vascon, Marcello Pelillo, Patrizia Ferretti, Rafael S. dos Reis, Jefferson C. Simoes, Yuval Ronen, Barbara Delmonte, Marco Viccaro, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Carlo Barbante
Summary: Insoluble particles in ice cores can provide valuable information about past climate parameters. However, their detection and classification often require intensive manual work and specialized sample preparation. In this study, we introduce a framework based on flow imaging microscopy and deep neural network, which can autonomously classify ice core particles with high accuracy. The proposed method is non-destructive, requires minimal sample material, and significantly reduces processing time.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giulia Sinnl, Mai Winstrup, Tobias Erhardt, Eliza Cook, Camilla Marie Jensen, Anders Svensson, Bo Mollesoe Vinther, Raimund Muscheler, Sune Olander Rasmussen
Summary: The revision of the ice-core timescale is crucial for the understanding of past climate. By synchronizing multiple ice cores, the new timescale is found to be younger than the previous version, with a difference of about 13 years at 3835 years ago. The most recent 800 years are largely unaffected by the revision, but there is a steady increase in the offset between timescales between 800 and 2000 years ago, with the steepest offset occurring between 800 and 1100 years ago.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Julien Westhoff, Giulia Sinnl, Anders Svensson, Johannes Freitag, Helle Astrid Kjaer, Paul Vallelonga, Bo Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Ilka Weikusat
Summary: This study presents a record of melt events in the East Greenland Ice Core Project (EastGRIP) ice core, covering the largest part of the Holocene. The results show distinct peaks in melt events around 986 CE and during the Holocene Climatic Optimum, with a total of approximately 831 mm of melt over the past 10,000 years. Comparisons with tree ring data indicate warm summers during these melt events. The study also suggests that summer temperatures during the Early Holocene were at least 3 +/- 0.6 degrees C warmer compared to today, considering the ice dynamics of the EastGRIP site.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Masayuki Hyodo, Takeshi Nakagawa, Hayato Matsushita, Ikuko Kitaba, Keitaro Yamada, Shota Tanabe, Balazs Bradak, Masako Miki, Danielle McLean, Richard A. Staff, Victoria C. Smith, Paul G. Albert, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Akiteru Yamasaki, Junko Kitagawa
Summary: The record of Lake Suigetsu sediments reveals fine structures in the Laschamp Excursion and a new post-Laschamp excursion, providing insights into the dynamic nature of geomagnetic excursions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiamei Lin, Anders Svensson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Johannes Lohmann, Steffen Kristiansen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Eliza Cook, Helle Astrid Kjaer, Bo M. Vinther, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas Stocker, Michael Sigl, Matthias Bigler, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Robert Mulvaney
Summary: Large volcanic eruptions during the last glacial period and early Holocene can be estimated using sulfate records from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores. The study provides valuable information on emission strength, frequency, and climatic forcing of these eruptions, which is important for understanding climate change and the Earth's system.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)