Article
Neurosciences
Hemanth Mohan, Xu An, X. Hermione Xu, Hideki Kondo, Shengli Zhao, Katherine S. S. Matho, Bor-Shuen Wang, Simon Musall, Partha Mitra, Z. Josh Huang
Summary: This study reveals that the cellular basis of cerebral cortex functional architecture is not well understood. The activity dynamics of subcortical-projecting and intratelencephalic-projecting neurons in the dorsal cortex of mice during different brain states and behaviors were monitored using genetic targeting and wide-field imaging. The results show that these projection neurons process information and their projection patterns are consistent with their activation patterns.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qing Xu, Lizhu Sun, Changjiang Bu
Summary: This paper studies the influence of combining the first and second neighbors of a given node in a network. Similar to the one-step walk matrix, a three-order tensor, namely the two-steps tensor, is constructed to represent the first and second neighbor relation among nodes. The positive eigenvector of the two-steps tensor corresponding to its spectral radius is adopted as a new centrality measure, referred to as the two-steps eigenvector centrality, which extends the notion of eigenvector centrality. Experimental results show that the new centrality measure is effective and provides additional insights regarding node importance in certain networks.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wangwang Tang, Guangming Huang, Gaoxiang Li, Guoqing Yang
Summary: This paper investigates the dead zone problem in magnetic target localization using the magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) and proposes a method based on eigenvector constraints to eliminate the dead zone, achieving a more stable and reliable magnetic target localization.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Manuel Curado, Leandro Tortosa, Jose F. Vicent
Summary: This study explores characteristics and mobility patterns in Rome and London using a dataset of private vehicle movements, constructing multiplex networks to analyze the relationships between mobility, urban public transport, tourism, and commercial activities. Centrality measures are calculated to identify important zones in both cities and determine different characteristics in car displacements. Through network theory methods, this research contributes to a better understanding of urban systems and their complexities.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Neumayr, Vanja Haberle, Leonid Serebreni, Katharina Karner, Oliver Hendy, Ann Boija, Jonathan E. Henninger, Charles H. Li, Karel Stejskal, Gen Lin, Katharina Bergauer, Michaela Pagani, Martina Rath, Karl Mechtler, Cosmas D. Arnold, Alexander Stark
Summary: This paper investigates different types of enhancers and their reliance on cofactors. The authors find that some enhancers can function without commonly used cofactors, regulating distinct gene regulatory programs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marijn Huiskamp, Anand J. C. Eijlers, Tommy A. A. Broeders, Jasmin Pasteuning, Iris Dekker, Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag, Frederik Barkhof, Alle-Meije Wink, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Hanneke E. Hulst, Menno M. Schoonheim
Summary: Through a 5-year study of 227 MS patients and 59 healthy controls, it was found that 19% of patients had deterioration in cognitive status. Conversion from intact cognition to impairment is related to an initial disturbed functioning of the VAN, then shifting toward DMN dysfunction in CI.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gavin Melaugh, Vincent A. Martinez, Perrin Baker, Preston J. Hill, P. Lynne Howell, Daniel J. Wozniak, Rosalind J. Allen
Summary: Researchers have found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms suspended multicellular aggregates in liquid media, and these aggregates may play important roles in disease and biofilm formation. The polysaccharide Psl and extracellular DNA (eDNA) have been implicated in aggregation, but their roles vary depending on the growth stage of the bacterial cultures. Cell-associated Psl mediates aggregation in exponentially growing cultures, while both eDNA and Psl mediate cohesion in stationary phase cultures. These findings suggest that the properties of multicellular aggregates change throughout the growth cycle of P. aeruginosa.
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xi Chen, Xiaojian Cao, Yingying Lei, Aikebaier Reheman, Wei Zhou, Bing Yang, Weipan Zhang, Weize Xu, Shuang Dong, Rohit Tyagi, Zhen F. Fu, Gang Cao
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can inhibit lysosome acidification in certain cell lines, but in others, it is targeted to acidified phagolysosomes. The gene profile analysis identified the role of ITGB3 in promoting M. tuberculosis clearance in endothelial cells, suggesting a new defense mechanism against the pathogen.
Article
Biology
Thomas H. Ambrosi, Rahul Sinha, Holly M. Steininger, Malachia Y. Hoover, Matthew P. Murphy, Lauren S. Koepke, Yuting Wang, Wan-Jin Lu, Maurizio Morri, Norma F. Neff, Irving L. Weissman, Michael T. Longaker, Charles K. F. Chan
Summary: This research identifies at least two types of bone progenitors in postnatal mouse long bones. One type facilitates bone growth and repair, while the other contributes to shaping the hematopoietic stem cell niche and meeting regenerative demands. The study also reveals that the latter is the origin of bone marrow adipose tissue.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chih-Hsiang Yang, Luca Fagnocchi, Stefanos Apostle, Vanessa Wegert, Salvador Casani-Galdon, Kathrin Landgraf, Ilaria Panzeri, Erez Dror, Steffen Heyne, Till Woerpel, Darrell P. Chandler, Di Lu, Tao Yang, Elizabeth Gibbons, Rita Guerreiro, Jose Bras, Martin Thomasen, Louise G. Grunnet, Allan A. Vaag, Linn Gillberg, Elin Grundberg, Ana Conesa, Antje Korner, J. Andrew Pospisilik
Summary: This study identifies neuronatin (NNAT) as a factor that buffers against unexplained phenotypic variation (UPV), independent of genetics or environment. NNAT-dependent variations can stratify human cohorts into four metabolic subtypes, including two distinct types of obesity.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Johannes Alt, Raphael Ducatez, Antti Knowles
Summary: We study the adjacency matrix A of the Erdos-Renyi graph with N vertices and edge probability d/N. In the regime where (log log N)4 << d < log N, we show that eigenvalues near the spectral edge form a Poisson point process and the associated eigenvectors exhibit exponential localization. Furthermore, at the critical scale d kappa log N, the largest nontrivial eigenvalue has a novel limiting distribution that has not been observed previously. This result, combined with previous research, demonstrates the coexistence of a fully delocalized phase and a fully localized phase in the spectrum of A. The proof relies on a three-scale rigidity argument that relates eigenvalue fluctuations to fluctuations in the sizes of spheres around high-degree vertices.
ANNALS OF PROBABILITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xue Wang, Mariet Allen, Ozkan Is, Joseph S. Reddy, Frederick Q. Tutor-New, Monica Castanedes Casey, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Stephanie R. Oatman, Yuhao Min, Yan W. Asmann, Cory Funk, Thuy Nguyen, Charlotte C. G. Ho, Kimberly G. Malphrus, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Allan I. Levey, Steven G. Younkin, Melissa E. Murray, Dennis W. Dickson, Nathan D. Price, Todd E. Golde, Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
Summary: This study found a significant correlation in the direction and magnitude of gene expression changes between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), two neurodegenerative diseases. These changes were highly conserved between different brain regions and enriched in biological pathways. The findings have broad implications for the development of therapies and biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malin Tordis Meyer, Christoph Watermann, Thomas Dreyer, Steffen Wagner, Claus Wittekindt, Jens Peter Klussmann, Suleyman Erguen, Eveline Baumgart-Vogt, Srikanth Karnati
Summary: Studies have shown differences in peroxisomal dynamics in different morphologies of parotid tumors, with higher expression of peroxisomal matrix proteins and down regulation of certain enzymes in neoplastic samples. The degree of expression varied between tumor subtypes, suggesting peroxisomes as potential therapeutic targets or markers in certain subtypes of parotid neoplasms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Tsantani, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Katherine Storrs, Adrian Lloyd Williams, Carolyn McGettigan, Lucia Garrido
Summary: The study revealed marked differences in the information represented by the FFA and OFA, with FFA encoding higher-level perceptual and social face information, while OFA mainly driven by differences in low-level image-based properties. The results suggest that although both FFA and OFA can discriminate between identities, their representations differ in terms of encoding identity-distinguishing information.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Derek W. Brown, Liam D. Cato, Yajie Zhao, Satish K. Nandakumar, Erik L. Bao, Eugene J. Gardner, Aubrey K. Hubbard, Alexander Depaulis, Thomas Rehling, Lei Song, Kai Yu, Stephen J. Chanock, John R. B. Perry, Vijay G. Sankaran, Mitchell J. Machiela
Summary: This study reveals that clonal hematopoiesis (CH) types differ in frequency and fitness, suggesting a cellular evolutionary trade-off between the different types. It also highlights the increased risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies in individuals with overlapping types of CH.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Pau Clusella, M. Carmen Miguel, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras
Summary: The study focuses on the death and restoration of collective oscillations in networks of oscillators coupled by random-walk diffusion, showing that diffusion-induced heterogeneity can stabilize initially unstable fixed points and restore oscillations through increasing coupling strength. The findings are relevant in epidemic spreading or ecological dispersion fields, highlighting the importance of combining local reaction with diffusion mechanisms to understand emergent dynamics.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Mancastroppa, Claudio Castellano, Alessandro Vezzani, Raffaella Burioni
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, manual tracing proves to be more effective than digital tracing in identifying potential infectors, especially super-spreaders who do not use the digital tracing application.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Giulio Iannelli, Giordano De Marzo, Claudio Castellano
Summary: Social media influences online activity by recommending content based on users' past preferences, leading to the formation of filter bubbles and limiting exposure to new or alternative content. Research shows that personalized recommendation algorithms contribute to the polarization of opinions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniele Notarmuzi, Claudio Castellano, Alessandro Flammini, Dario Mazzilli, Filippo Radicchi
Summary: This study analyzes time-stamped events from several online social media platforms over a period of more than ten years and reveals the universality and criticality of information propagation in social media. The propagation of information can occur through simple or complex contagion processes, with the complexity of the process being correlated with the semantic content of the information being propagated.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Giulia de Meijere, Eugenio Valdano, Claudio Castellano, Marion Debin, Charly Kengne-Kuetche, Harold Noel, Joshua S. Weitz, Daniela Paolotti, Lisa Hermans, Niel Hens, Vittoria Colizza
Summary: European countries are focusing on testing, isolation, and boosting strategies to counter the winter surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. However, pandemic fatigue and limited compliance may undermine mitigation efforts. A multicountry survey found that the majority of participants were willing to adhere to testing and isolation protocols, although there were differences in adherence to booster vaccination. The study's epidemic model results suggest that testing and isolation protocols can significantly reduce transmission, but cost barriers may decrease adherence and effectiveness.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Daniele Notarmuzi, Alessandro Flammini, Claudio Castellano, Filippo Radicchi
Summary: We investigate the temporal statistics of avalanche dynamics in the SIS model on finite random networks at criticality. Our numerical simulations on annealed topologies reveal three distinct dynamical regimes in the survival probability. We find that the crossover timescales separating these regimes scale differently for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. The qualitative understanding of the phenomenology is based on known features of SIS dynamics, while a fully quantitative approach using Langevin theory reproduces the results only for homogeneous networks.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Lorenzo Cirigliano, Claudio Castellano, Gabor Timar
Summary: The paper introduces the application of classical percolation theory in information transfer and discusses the requirement for communication between nodes in specific situations. The study finds that the interplay of extended range and heterogeneity leads to novel critical behavior in scale-free networks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano
Summary: This article investigates the effects of interventions that provide asymmetric protection on the population level. The study finds that interventions that protect the adopter more efficiently are more effective in reducing the spread of the disease and the number of infected individuals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jaume Ojer, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras
Summary: This study investigates the impact of animal social networks with a weighted pattern of interactions on the flocking transition in models of self-organized collective motion. The results show that the presence of weights decreases the value of the flocking threshold and increases the fragility of the flocking state. The heterogeneity of the weight pattern influences the shift in the threshold.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Lorenzo Cirigliano, Giulio Cimini, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano
Summary: Percolation on networks is a common framework for modeling various processes, and cumulative merging percolation (CMP) is a long-range percolation process where the clusters formed do not coincide with the topologically connected components of the network. This study develops a more general formulation of CMP, showing a richer phase transition scenario.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Mancastroppa, Andrea Guizzo, Claudio Castellano, Alessandro Vezzani, Raffaella Burioni
Summary: Effective contact tracing is crucial in controlling epidemic spreading. A study found that besides forward and backward tracing, there is also an indirect tracing when tracing large gatherings. This indirect tracing can detect infected asymptomatic individuals, even if they did not directly contact the index case. The study analyzes the contribution of different tracing mechanisms and suggests an optimal choice for tracing the sizes of gatherings.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Giulia De Meijere, Vittoria Colizza, Eugenio Valdano, Claudio Castellano
Summary: Isolation of infectious individuals is crucial for controlling communicable diseases, but it can cause psychosocial distress and financial costs, limiting adoption and adherence. Factors like delayed awareness and fatigue can also impact the effectiveness of isolation measures.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Alfredo De Bellis, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano
Summary: This study investigates the significance of initial seed location in epidemic dynamics and proposes three indicators of spreading influence, showing their dependence on the initial node. The results demonstrate a good agreement between experiments and numerical simulations, indicating the effectiveness of the theoretical approach on real-world topologies.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Daniele Notarmuzi, Claudio Castellano, Alessandro Flammini, Dario Mazzilli, Filippo Radicchi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different temporal resolutions on the properties of activity patterns, revealing that the same process can lead to different distributions of burst sizes and durations. The competition between 1D percolation and branching process universality classes results in distinct outcomes, with hybrid scaling observed in a wide region of the diagram.
