Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 7, Issue 21, Pages 29944-29957Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8670
Keywords
hinokitiol; prion protein; autophagy; HIF-1; neurodegeneration; Gerotarget
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of the Korea Grant - Korean Government [2013R1A1A2063931]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013R1A1A2063931] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are derived from structural changes of the native PrPc. Recent studies indicated that hinokitiol induced autophagy known to major function that keeps cells alive under stressful conditions. We investigated whether hinokitiol induces autophagy and attenuates PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity. We observed increase of LC3-II protein level, GFP-LC3 puncta by hinokitiol in neuronal cells. Addition to, electron microscopy showed that hinokitiol enhanced autophagic vacuoles in neuronal cells. We demonstrated that hinokitiol protects against PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity via autophagy by using autophagy inhibitor, wortmannin and 3MA, and ATG5 small interfering RNA (siRNA). We checked hinokitiol activated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and identified that hinokitiol-induced HIF-1 alpha regulated autophagy. Taken together, this study is the first report demonstrating that hinokitiol protected against prion protein-induced neurotoxicity via autophagy regulated by HIF-1 alpha. We suggest that hinokitiol is a possible therapeutic strategy in neuronal disorders including prion disease.
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