Article
Clinical Neurology
Francesca Ginatempo, Nicoletta Manzo, Nicola Loi, Daniele Belvisi, Carolina Cutrona, Antonella Conte, Alfredo Berardelli, Franca Deriu
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate excitability in face and hand motor cortex and sensorimotor integration in patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD). The results demonstrated that abnormalities in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short afferent inhibition (SAI) were specific to the motor cortical area innervating the muscular district involved in focal dystonia. These findings suggest disrupted integration between sensory inflow and motor output at the cortical level in OMD patients.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmine L. Mirdamadi, Courtney R. Seigel, Stephen D. Husch, Hannah J. Block
Summary: When there is a mismatch between visual and proprioceptive estimates of hand position, the brain realigns them to reduce the discrepancy. This realignment affects not only the representation of the finger itself, but also extends to other parts of the limb.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yoshihiro Noda, Mera S. Barr, Reza Zomorrodi, Robin F. H. Cash, Pantelis Lioumis, Robert Chen, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Daniel M. Blumberger
Summary: This study utilized TMS-EEG to investigate cortical responses to brain stimulation in different populations, revealing changes in TEP amplitudes and latencies in older participants and patients with schizophrenia. These findings are important for understanding the neurophysiological changes in the brains of older individuals and schizophrenia patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivan Konstantinovic, Braco Boskovic, Josko Soda, Kresimir Dolic, Zoran Dogas, Mirko Lapcic, Vlatko Ledenko, Toni Vrgoc, Maja Rogic Vidakovic
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cortical silent period (cSP) in healthy subjects by applying e-field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) to trigger cSP. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cSP duration, MEP amplitude in the muscle, and LMC intensity. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of cSP can be useful for studying neurological disorders affecting laryngeal muscles, such as laryngeal dystonia.
Article
Clinical Neurology
James Saravanamuttu, Natasha Radhu, Kaviraja Udupa, Julianne Baarbe, Carolyn Gunraj, Robert Chen
Summary: The study revealed that SICF is increased and the facilitatory effect of SICI on SICF is absent in Parkinson's disease patients, but can be restored with dopaminergic medication. This suggests that impaired interaction between M1 circuits is a pathophysiological feature of PD.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Brian Mathias, Andrea Waibel, Gesa Hartwigsen, Leona Sureth, Manuela Macedonia, Katja M. Mayer, Katharina von Kriegstein
Summary: The study found that sensorimotor-enriched training can change the representations of L2 words in the motor cortex, thereby facilitating the translation of L2 words. Different training methods have different effects on the translation speed of L2 words.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Leila Farnad, Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani, Min-Fang Kuo, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: This study investigated the association between tDCS parameters and induced aftereffects on motor cortical excitability in older adults. The results showed that all active stimulation conditions significantly enhanced motor cortical excitability in both age groups, with no significant differences observed between the age groups. Prolonged plasticity was observed with higher stimulation intensities in the late-phase range.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan P. Ewers, Timo M. Dreier, Siham Al-Bas, Peter Schwenkreis, Burkhard Pleger
Summary: This proof-of-concept study investigated the possibility of applying the influence of TMS on cortical excitability to classical conditioning. The results showed significant enhancement of motor evoked potentials paired with the conditioned tone compared to the control tone, indicating successful conditioning through TMS.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Huan Wang, Yuzhong Hu, Jiayi Deng, Yang Ye, Manli Huang, Xianwei Che, Liang Yu
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by stimulating the motor cortex (M1) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The results showed that M1 stimulation was superior to DLPFC stimulation in reducing pain and improving sleep quality in PHN patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Sadnicka, Tobias Wiestler, Katherine Butler, Eckart Altenmuller, Mark J. Edwards, Naveed Ejaz, Jorn Diedrichsen
Summary: Sadnicka et al. challenge the notion that task-specific dystonia stems from disrupted hand somatotopy in S1. Instead, they propose that task-specific dystonia is caused by a higher-order disturbance in skill encoding. Through functional MRI and multivariate pattern analysis, they found that finger representations in musicians with dystonia were intact, further supporting the alternative hypothesis.
Article
Biology
Hind Baba Aissa, Romain W. Sala, Elena Laura Georgescu Margarint, Jimena Laura Frontera, Andres Pablo Varani, Fabien Menardy, Assunta Pelosi, Denis Herve, Clement Lena, Daniela Popa
Summary: The study found that in the DYT25 dystonia model, the excitability of the cerebello-thalamic pathways increased in the presymptomatic state, and asymptomatic mice after the first dystonic episode exhibited higher excitability, which persisted after cerebellar theta-burst stimulation. Stimulation administered during symptomatic states reduced cerebello-thalamic excitability and alleviated dystonic symptoms.
Article
Neurosciences
Aline Iannone, Irene Santiago, Silvia T. Ajao, Joaquim Brasil-Neto, John C. Rothwell, Danny A. Spampinato
Summary: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising intervention in clinical and behavioral neuroscience, but its impact is limited by response variability. Focal stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1) enhances skill learning and activates distinct pathways to M1, suggesting that it may improve outcomes in future behavior enhancement studies.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani, Leila Farnad, Min-Fang Kuo, Raf L. J. Meesen, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: This study systematically explored the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor cortex excitability in elderly individuals, and found that the effects varied with different stimulation parameters and age groups.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Donato Colella, Andrea Guerra, Giulia Paparella, Ettore Cioffi, Antonella Di Vita, Alessandro Trebbastoni, Alfredo Berardelli, Matteo Bologna
Summary: The study found that MCI patients had reduced rhythmic movement but no other motor abnormalities, which correlated with frontal dysfunction scores. Cortical excitability measures were normal in patients, while plasticity was reduced.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Clayton W. Swanson, Brett W. Fling, Manuel Grana
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of motor cortex thickness and corticospinal excitation and inhibition on turning performance in healthy controls and people with multiple sclerosis. The results showed that people with multiple sclerosis exhibited reduced turning performance and significant cortical thinning of the motor cortex. While no significant reductions in excitatory neurotransmission were observed, a reduction in inhibitory activity was found. The study suggests that both cortical thickness and inhibitory activity are associated with turning performance in people with multiple sclerosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jaakko Vallinoja, Timo Nurmi, Julia Jaatela, Vincent Wens, Mathieu Bourguignon, Helena Maenpaa, Harri Piitulainen
Summary: The study aimed to assess the effects of lesions related to spastic diplegic cerebral palsy on functional connectivity. Using multiple imaging modalities, the researchers found enhanced functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network of individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, which was not correlated with hand coordination performance.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francesca Ginatempo, Nicola Loi, John C. Rothwell, Franca Deriu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated sensorimotor integration in the cranial-cervical muscles of healthy adults and found that the integration of sensory inputs with motor output is profoundly influenced by the type of sensory afferent involved and the functional role played by the target muscle.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2024)